CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD
Update on the 2018 PM2.5 SIP for the San Joaquin Valley
September 19, 2019
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Plan for the 1997, 2006, and 2012 PM2.5 Standards November 15, 2018
~ CARB
San Joaquin Valley 2018 PM2.5 SIP
Comprehensive strategy to address PM2.5 air quality
in the Valley
Adopted January 2019
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0 0 0 0
~ CARB
SIP Addresses Four PM2.5 Standards
65 µg/m3
15 µg/m3
35 µg/m3
12 µg/m3
24-Hour PM2.5 Standards
Annual PM2.5 Standards
202520242020
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
~ CARB
Regular Implementation Updates for Board
First checkpoint in a multi-year process
2025Today
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1% Elements
5% Ammon ium Sulfate
~ CARB
PM2.5 Composition in the Valley
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~ CARB
Today’s Update
Regulatory Actions
Implementation Highlight:
Agriculture
Implementation Highlight:
Trucks and Buses
Implementation Highlight:
Residential Wood-Burning
Air Quality & Emissions
Trends
Emission Reduction
Credit Program Review
Next Steps
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Regulatory Actions
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~ CARB
Measures in the PM2.5 SIP
Agency Adopted Scheduled for Board Consideration
CARB May 2018: Lower Opacity Limits for Heavy-Duty Vehicles
June 2018: Amended Warranty Requirements for Heavy-Duty Vehicles
December 2018: Innovative Clean Transit June 2019: Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle Buses
2020 • Low-NOx Engine Standard • Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance
Program 2021 • Advanced Clean Cars 2 • Low-Emission Diesel Fuel Requirement
District June 2019: Residential Wood-Burning Emission Reduction Strategy
2020 • Flares • Internal Combustion Engines • Boilers, Steam Generators, and Process Heaters • Commercial Underfired Charbroilers 2021 • Glass Melting Furnaces • Solid Fuel-Fired Boilers, Steam Generators, and
Process Heaters
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~ CARB
Role of Regulations and Incentives
Incentive-based measures are critical for the last increment of emissions reductions
Regulations form the base of the PM2.5 SIP: 90 percent of emissions reductions from regulations
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~ CARB
Implementation Highlight:
Agriculture
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Agricultural Equipment Replacement
• Over 4,000 pieces of agricultural equipment replaced since January 2015
• District has contracted all first-year FARMER funding
• More projects in the pipeline
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Agricultural Equipment Incentive Measure
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• SIP credit for agricultural equipment emissions reductions
• Board consideration: November 2019
• Halfway to SIP target for agricultural equipment
Over 5 tpd NOx Reductions from
completed projects
About 5 tpd NOx Need approximately
$150 million/year from 2020 through 2023
,
~ CARB
Incentive Funds for Agricultural Equipment
Funding sources and programs specific to agriculture include:
NRCS (USDA):$37.5 million nationwide
annually for FYs 2019-2023
FARMER: $65 million statewide
for FY 2019-2020
U.S. EPA grants:$15 million for the Valley
for FY 2019-2020
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~ CARB
Other Programs
Three other District ag programs successful and oversubscribed • Funded 1,550 all-electric
ag UTVs, demand for 500 more • $2 million for alternatives to
open agricultural burning • $2 million for low-dust nut
harvesting
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~ CARB
Implementation Highlight:
Trucks and Buses
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~ CARB
Truck and Bus Incentive Measure
• SIP credit for surplus emissions reductions from trucks and buses
• Board consideration in 2021 • Refining estimates of
incentive funding needed through 2024
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~ CARB
Incentive Funds for Trucks and Buses
Funding sources and programs available for trucks and buses include:
Low Carbon Transportation:$455 million statewide
for FY 2018-2019
Carl Moyer:$78 million statewide
for FY 2018-2019
AB 617: $245 million statewide
for FY 2018-2019 Prop 1B:
Already awarded
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~ CARB
Implementation Highlight:
Residential Wood-Burning
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• .
I
- - - - - - - -
~ CARB
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Curtailment Levels
• District strengthened residential burning rule
• Lower curtailment levels in “hot spot areas” of Kern, Fresno, and Madera Counties take effect this winter
• Includes contingency element
PM2.5 Level µg/m3
65
35
20
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Valley-wide Hot Spot Areas
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~ CARB
Wood Stove Replacement
• District replaced 1,300 wood-burning devices during winter 2018-2019 with $2.2 million
• Over 16,000 total replacements in the Valley
• Almost 80 percent are wood-to-natural gas
• Reduces near source exposure
Replacement Device Fuel Type 2008 - 2017
Gas Wood Pellet
5%
16%
79%
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~ CARB
Air Quality & Emissions
Trends
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r
~ CARB
24-Hour Design Value Trends
All sites meet 65 µg/m3
Reductions needed to attain
35 µg/m3 by 2024
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60 58 56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
µg/m
3
65 µg/m3 Standard 35 µg/m3 Standard Bakersfield Visalia Fresno Stockton
Drought impacts
r
~ CARB
Annual Design Value Trends
Six sites in south Valley above
15 µg/m3 in 2018; challenge to attain
by 2020
Reductions needed to attain
12 µg/m3 by 2025
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17.8
14.6 16.1
13.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
µg/m
3
15 µg/m3 Standard 12 µg/m3 Standard Bakersfield Visalia Fresno Stockton
Drought impacts
~ CARB
NOx Emissions Trends 700
600
500
400 Ongoing steep mobile source
300 NOx reductions
200
100
0
Tons
per
day
Area Sources
Stationary Sources
Mobile Sources
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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PM2.5 Emissions Trends
100
80
Need to continue 60
direct PM2.5 reductions 40
20
0
Tons
per
day
Area Sources
Stationary Sources
Mobile Sources
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
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~ CARB
Emission Reduction Credit Program Review
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Goals
• Review the ERC system and evaluate whether the program is meeting legal requirements
• Determine if there are ways the system might be improved
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r
~ CARB
Elements of Review
• Explanation of the ERC program • Evaluation of ERC banking actions • Evaluation of the Federal Offset Equivalency Demonstration • Analysis of the use of offsets in permitting
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r
~ CARB
Status and Next Steps
• Held two workshops • Released progress report • Requesting and analyzing information from the District • Developing findings and recommendations • Public workshop in early spring 2020 • Board meeting in spring 2020
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~ CARB
Next Steps
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Three-Part Strategy
1. Keep on track with ambitious rulemaking calendar 2. Continue pushing for incentive dollars 3. Continue looking for additional opportunities for
emissions reductions
2025Today
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~ CARB
Implementation Working Group
• Formed working group to provide venue for stakeholders to collaboratively facilitate SIP implementation
• CARB and District will discuss opportunities for additional measures
• Held first meeting August 2019
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~ CARB
Next Update
• Regulatory actions • Incentive funds • Grant programs • Research findings • Additional emission
reduction opportunities
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