UniversalReal-timeNavigationalAssistance
March 22, 2007
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Project Motivation• Originally proposed by Roberto Manduchi:
“Design and prototype a small Bluetooth transmitter that can be used to broadcast information to anyone carrying a Bluetooth cell phone.”
• “Transmitters could be embedded in critical locations, such as at a bus stop, at a traffic intersection, or near a building entrance, in order to provide useful information to visually impaired (as well as sighted) individuals.”
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Existing Solutions• Problems
• Infrared communication• Bulky receiver• Expensive• No expandability• Difficult to use
Talking Signs: Infrared wireless technologyhttp://www.talkingsigns.com/
Bluetooth-based pedestrian GPShttp://www.senderogroup.com/
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Our ConceptA typical intersection withcrosswalks and traffic lights
• Bluetooth transceivers installed at each of the four corners atop pedestrian counters.
• Information including traffic light status and street name information is relayed to Bluetooth-capable mobile phones
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Demo Layout
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System Architecture• NavCon
• Altera Cyclone II FPGA core
• Interfaces with ASC/3 traffic controller and Bluetooth transceivers (modules)
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System Architecture• Econolite ASC/3-
2100 traffic controller
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System Architecture• NavCon main
board
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System Architecture• Bluetooth
modules with custom antennas
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System Architecture• Bluetooth
transmission to nearby mobile phones running our PedNav software
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Physical System
NavCon PCB and Bluetooth PCB’s
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Hardware• Field-Programmable Gate Array
• Nios II soft-processor running the µClinux operating system
• Non-volatile Flash memory• Store µClinux OS and programs
• Input/Output• Ethernet to ASC/3 traffic controller• RS-422 over CAT 5e to Bluetooth
modules
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cat5.jpg
http://www.altium.com/
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Distribution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Power Budget
PART NAME PART MODELVOLTAGE
(V) CURRENT (mA) POWER (mW)
FPGA EPC2C8 3.3, 1.2 200 660
SDRAM MT48LC4M32B2P-6 3.3 160 528
SERIAL FLASH EPCS64N 3.3 15 49.5
ETHERNET LAN LAN91C111 3.3 140 462
RS-422 ADM3490 3.3 8.8 (4) 116
CLOCK BUFFER CDCV304 3.3 0.005 0.0165
BLUETOOTH MODULE OEMSPA333 3.3 200 (4) 2640
TOTAL 1350 4455.5165
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Protocol Flow
NavCon PCBASC/3 Traffic Controller
Bluetooth PCB
PedNav running on phone
(SNMP to PedNav Protocol)
NTCIP using SNMP over
Ethernet
Bluetooth transmissionat 2.4 GHz
RS-422trans-
mission
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Antenna Design• Nec-Win Pro for antenna
simulation• Ground plane Yagi
antenna• Provides directionality
• Minimize overlap by creating a dead zone between multiple transmitters
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
NavCon Software ArchitectureNavCon
Third-party libraries
Linux kernelsubsystems
Linux kernel
Hardware Layer
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Security Considerations• Bluetooth guarantees data integrity but
not authenticity• We do not need encryption• We need to know who to trust – use
certificates!• Certificate Authority – some trusted
organization (eg. City of Santa Cruz)• Intersection claiming to be Mission &
Bay – how to verify?• Request it to send its certificate• Check that it is signed by a trusted CA
• PedNav bundled with a set of trusted certificates• On a new connection, the security certificate
is requested and verified to make sure the intersection is authorized
http://www.nokia.com/nseries/
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
PedNav Protocol
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
PedNav• Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME) application that runs on
nearly all modern (> 2003) phones supporting Bluetooth
• Target user audience requires careful consideration of user input and feedback—GUI is nice but will not really benefit the user
• Input: Left/Right/Up/Down/Center buttons, numbers on keypad
• Output: spoken text• Real-time streaming of pre-recorded audio files from
NavCon• Playback of pre-recorded audio files stored on the phone• Dynamic messages using text-to-speech (TTS)
••
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
User Interface Usability
AlertConnection Made
Welcome Message
General AnnouncementLocation, Street Names,
etc.
More General InformationLeft/Right, Nearby Services,
etc.
Traffic Light Information
Left Crosswalk Right Crosswalk
IdleDisconnectedNo Speech
• Common buttons• B1 – more details• B2 – repeat message• B3 – go back up in the
menu• B4 – ignore this message
• Button-based voice-guided hierarchical menu provides geographically relevant information
• Like an automated answering service, but less annoying (no more “listen carefully because the menu options have changed”)
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Time SpentURNA Hours
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
System CostPART NAME PART MODEL MANUFACTURER # OF UNIT COST
FPGA EPC2C8 ALTERA 1 100*
SDRAMMT48LC4M32B2P-
6 MICRON TECH. 1 11.42
SERIAL FLASH EPCS64N ALTERA 1 5*
ETHERNET LAN CONTR. LAN91C111 SMSC 1 24
RS-422 ADM3490ANALOG
DEVICES 8 23.6
CLOCK BUFFER CDCV304 TEXAS INTR. 1 2.36
BLUETOOTH MODULE OEMSPA333 CONNECT BLUE 4 460
MISC. CAPS, RES, …. ……… 200 68.62*
TOTAL 217 695* approximate
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Correspondence
EMAIL ADDRESSES CENSORED
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Reply Statistics
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Cities
E-mails wrote
Cities responded
Responded withoffers
E-m
ails
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Mounting Solution
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Future Expansion
• Install anywhere!• Bus stop• Shopping mall• Bathroom• School• Subway
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Thank You• BELS staff – Dave and SuperDave• Joel from OpenSPARC• Chuck from SkyNet• Matt & Cameron from AEGIS• Karen from BEEDL• Professor Petersen• Cyrus Bazeghi and Wentai Liu• All of our sponsors
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Our Sponsors• Professor Roberto Manduchi
• http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~manduchi/
• Econolite Control Products, Inc.• http://www.econolite.com/
• Altera Corporation• http://www.altera.com/
• Gelcore• http://www.gelcore.com/
• connectBlue• http://www.connectblue.se/
Jack Baskin School of EngineeringCMPE 123B | Winter 2007
Questions?
http://urna.projects.unoc.net/