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UNIT ONE
Reference Atlas Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA1World: Political. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA2World: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA4North America: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA6North America: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA7United States: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA8United States: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA10Canada: Physical/Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA12Middle America: Physical/Political . . . . . . . . . . . RA14South America: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA16South America: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA17Europe: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA18
Europe: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA20Africa: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA22Africa: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA23Middle East: Physical/Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA24Asia: Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA26Asia: Physical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA28Oceania: Physical/Political . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA30World Time Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA32Polar Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA34A World of Extremes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA35Geographic Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RA36
Scavenger Hunt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .RA38
The Geographer’s World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39LESSON 1 How Geographers View
the World � � � � � � � � � � � � � 42
LESSON 2 The Geographer’s Tools 50Thinking Like a Geographer Relief . . . . . . . 53 What Do You Think? Are Street-Mapping
Technologies an Invasion of People’s Privacy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow does geography influence the way people live?
The World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
CONTENTS
LESSON 1 What is History? � � � � � � � � � � �18Biography Heinrich Schliemann . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Connections to Today How Lucy Got
Her Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
LESSON 2 How Does a Historian Work? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24
Connections to Today The Census . . . . . . . . . 26What Do You Think? Should Artifacts Be
Returned to Their Countries of Origin? . . . . . . . 30
LESSON 3 Researching History � � � � � � 32Thinking Like a Historian Internet Tips . . . . . . 34
What Does a Historian Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Essential QuestionsWhy is history important? • How do we learn about the past? • How do you research history?
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
Norb
ert M
illau
er/A
FP/G
etty
Imag
esDa
vid
Hay
Jone
s/Sc
ienc
e So
urce
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
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Physical Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63LESSON 1 Planet Earth . . . . . . . . . . 66
LESSON 2 A Changing Earth . . . . . . 76
LESSON 3 Land and Water . . . . . . . 82
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONHow does geography influence the way people live?
CHAPTER 3
Southwest Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123LESSON 1 Physical Geography of
Southwest Asia . . . . . . . .126Thinking Like a Geographer Seas . . . . . . . 128
LESSON 2 History of Southwest Asia . . . . . . .132
Think Again The Middle East and Southwest Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
LESSON 3 Life in Southwest Asia . . 140What Do You Think? Are Trade Restrictions
Effective at Changing a Government’s Policies? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why do civilizations rise and fall? • How does religion shape society?
CHAPTER 5
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UNIT TWO Western Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
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Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
LESSON 1 Hunter-Gatherers . . . . . . . . 96
LESSON 2 The Agricultural Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Biography Ötzi the Iceman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108Thinking Like a Historian Making
Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Early Humans and the Agricultural Revolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Essential QuestionHow do people adapt to their environments?
CHAPTER 4Wla
d74/
iSto
ck/G
etty
Imag
esW
athi
q Kh
uzai
e/Ge
tty Im
ages
New
s/Ge
tty Im
ages
Cars
ten
Pete
r/Nat
iona
l Geo
grap
hic/
Getty
Imag
es
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North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153LESSON 1 The Physical Geography
of North Africa � � � � � � � �156Think Again The Sahara Desert . . . . . . . . 161
LESSON 2 The History of North Africa � � � � � � � � � �164
LESSON 3 Life in North Africa . . . . 172
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow do people adapt to their environment? • How does religion shape society? • Why do conflicts develop?
CHAPTER 6LESSON 1 The Sumerians � � � � � � � � � � �186Thinking Like a Historian Classifying and
Categorizing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193The World’s Literature Epic of Gilgamesh . . . . 194
LESSON 2 Mesopotamian Empires � � �196Biography Sargon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197Connections to Today Libraries . . . . . . . . . . 199
Mesopotamia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183Essential QuestionsHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why does conflict develop?
CHAPTER 7©Ch
arle
s &
Jose
tte L
enar
s/Co
rbis
Trav
elsc
ape
Imag
es/A
lam
y St
ock
Phot
o
LESSON 1 The Nile River � � � � � � � � � � � �210Thinking Like a Historian Researching on
the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
LESSON 2 Life in Ancient Egypt � � � � �218
LESSON 3 Egypt’s Empire � � � � � � � � � 230Connections to Today Ivory . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Biography Hatshepsut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
LESSON 4 The Kingdom of Kush � � � � 238
Ancient Egypt and Kush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207Essential QuestionsHow does geography influence the way people live? • What makes a culture unique? • Why do civilizations rise and fall?
CHAPTER 8©Co
rbis
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
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CONTENTS
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
LESSON 1 Beginnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250Biography Moses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252Connections to Today Alphabets . . . . . . . . . 255
LESSON 2 The Israelite Kingdom . . . 258
LESSON 3 The Development of Judaism . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Connections to Today Heroes . . . . . . . . . . . 267
LESSON 4 The Jews in the Mediterranean World . . . . 270
Biography Judas Maccabeus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272Connections to Today Dead Sea Scrolls . . . . . 276
The Israelites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247Essential QuestionsHow do religions develop? • What are the characteristics of a leader? • How does religion shape society? • Why does conflict develop?
CHAPTER 9Lebr
echt
Mus
ic a
nd A
rts P
hoto
Lib
rary
/Ala
my
LESSON 1 Early Christianity . . . . . . . . 284Biography Peter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286Biography Mary Magdalene . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
LESSON 2 The Early Church . . . . . . . . 292Then and Now Roman Catacombs . . . . . . . . . 294
LESSON 3 A Christian Europe . . . . . . 298
The Rise of Christianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Essential QuestionsWhat are the characteristics of a leader? • How do religions develop? • How do new ideas change the way people live?
CHAPTER 10Scal
a/Ar
t Res
ourc
e, N
Y
LESSON 1 A New Faith . . . . . . . . . . . . .310Biography Muhammad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Thinking Like a Historian Using a Time Line . 315
LESSON 2 The Spread of Islam . . . . . .316Biography Suleiman I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
LESSON 3 Life in the Islamic World . 323Then and Now Shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324Connections to Today Becoming a Doctor . . . 325
Islamic Civilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307Essential QuestionsHow do religions develop? • How do new ideas change the way people live?
CHAPTER 11Italia
n Sc
hool
/The
Brid
gem
an A
rt Li
brar
y/Ge
tty Im
ages
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UNIT 3 Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331
East Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339LESSON 1 The Physical Geography
of East Africa � � � � � � � � � 342Think Again Great Migration . . . . . . . . . . 349
LESSON 2 The History of East Africa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 350
LESSON 3 Life in East Africa . . . . . 358Global Connections Sudan Refugees
and Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why do people trade? • Why does conflict develop?
CHAPTER 12Central Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
LESSON 1 Physical Geography of Central Africa � � � � � � 376
LESSON 2 History of Central Africa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 382
LESSON 3 Life in Central Africa . . 388What Do You Think? Has the United Nations
Been Effective at Reducing Conflict in Africa? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow do people adapt to their environment? • How does technology change the way people live? • Why do people make economic choices?
CHAPTER 13West Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
LESSON 1 Physical Geography of West Africa � � � � � � � � 402
LESSON 2 History of West Africa � 408Thinking Like a Geographer Religion . . . . 415
LESSON 3 Life in West Africa � � � � 416
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • How do new ideas change the way people live? • What makes a cultureunique?CHAPTER 14
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Aria
dne
Van
Zand
berg
en/L
onel
y Pl
anet
Imag
es/G
etty
Imag
esAn
drew
McC
onne
ll/Ro
bert
Hard
ing
Wor
ld Im
ager
y/Ge
tty
Imag
esAr
iadn
e Va
n Za
ndbe
rgen
/Ala
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CONTENTS
Southern Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425LESSON 1 Physical Geography
of Southern Africa � � � � 428
LESSON 2 History of Southern Africa � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 436
LESSON 3 Life in Southern Africa � 442Think Again Madagascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • How do new ideas change the way people live?
CHAPTER 15LESSON 1 The Rise of African
Civilizations � � � � � � � � � � � � 456Thinking Like a Historian Researching
on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
LESSON 2 Africa’s Governments and Religions � � � � � � � � � � � 464
Biography Mansa Musa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
LESSON 3 African Society and Culture � � � � � � � � � � � � � 470
Connections to Today West African Music Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
What Do You Think? Africa’s Water Resources: Should Private Companies Control Them? . . . . 476
African Civilizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453Essential QuestionsWhy do people trade? • How does religion shape society? • How do religions develop? •
CHAPTER 16Pete
r Hor
ree/
Alam
y©
Serg
io P
itam
itz/R
ober
t Har
ding
Wor
ld Im
ager
y/Co
rbis
Gallo
Imag
es -
LKIS
/Get
ty Im
ages
UNIT FOUR Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
LESSON 1 Physical Geography � � � 492Think Again The Panama Canal . . . . . . . . 495Thinking Like a Geographer The Caribbean
Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
LESSON 2 History of the Region � 500
LESSON 3 Life in the Region � � � � � 506Think Again Mexican Food . . . . . . . . . . . . 507Global Connections NAFTA and Its Effects 512
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why does conflict develop? • Why do people trade?
CHAPTER 17
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
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Pabl
o Co
rral
V/C
orbi
s©
iSto
ckph
oto.
com
/had
ynya
hSi
lvia
Izqu
ierd
o/AP
Imag
es
Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519LESSON 1 Physical Geography
of Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522Think Again Seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
LESSON 2 History of Brazil . . . . . . 530
LESSON 3 Life in Brazil . . . . . . . . . 538Global Connections Rain Forest Resources . 546
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • How do governments change? • What makes a culture unique?
CHAPTER 18The Tropical North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
LESSON 1 Physical Geography of the Region . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Think Again Angel Falls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
LESSON 2 History of the Countries . 562
LESSON 3 Life in the Tropical North . 568
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why does conflict develop? • What makes a culture unique?
CHAPTER 19Andes and Midlatitude Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
LESSON 1 Physical Geography of the Region . . . . . . . . . . . 580
Think Again The Atacama Desert . . . . . . . 583
LESSON 2 History of the Region . 588Thinking Like a Geographer Bolivia’s Two
Capitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
LESSON 3 Life in the Region . . . . . 594What Do You Think? Is Globalization
Destroying Indigenous Cultures? . . . . . . 600
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONSHow does geography influence the way people live? • Why do civilizations rise and fall? • What makes a culture unique?
CHAPTER 20
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
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CONTENTS
FOLDABLES® LIBRARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
GAZETTEER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
ENGLISH-SPANISH GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 676
LESSON 1 The First Americans . . . . . 608
LESSON 2 Life in the Americas . . . . . .617Connections to Today The Maya Today . . . . . 618Biography Pachacuti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622Thinking Like a Historian Comparing and
Contrasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
The Americas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605Essential QuestionsHow does geography affect the way people live? • What makes a culture unique?
CHAPTER 21Wer
ner F
orm
an/A
rt Re
sour
ce, N
Y
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
Program: MA_SS Component: SE1st Pass
Vendor : SPi Global Grade: 6
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