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STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL BIOSPHERE RESERVES
Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reservein Ho Chi Minh City
& Proposed Biosphere Reserve of Coastal Wetlands
in Red River Delta
UNESCO-MAB-ASPACOVietnam Case Study
Nguyen Hoang Tri, Center for Environmental Research and Education (CERE)
Vietnam MAB National Committee
• Dr. Nguyen Hoang Tri, Human Ecology
• Dr. Pham Van Cu, Applied GIS/RE
• Dr. Han Giang, Gender Issues
• Dr. Tran Tuan Anh, Political analysis
• Ms. An Chau, Secretary
Research team
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• Biosphere reserves in Vietnam
• Stakeholder analysis and socio-economic indicators for integrated management
• Conclusion & Recommendation
Content
Biosphere reserves in Vietnam
C¸t Tiªn
Can GioMangroves
Red River Delta/RamsarSite
Ben En
Kien Giang
Ca Mau Mangroves
Cat BaArchipelagos
2000: Can Gio Biosphere Reserve
2001: Cat Tien Biosphere Reserve
2003: Proposed 2 Biosphere Reserves: Cat Ba Archipelagos, Coastal Wetlands in Red River Delta
2004-2005: Proposing 3 more biosphere reserves: Ca Mau Mangroves; Ben En tropical rain forests and freshwater lakes; KienGiang BRs.
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Biosphere reserves in Vietnam
C¸t Tiªn
Can Gio Mangroves
Red River Delta/Ramsar Site
Ben En
Kien Giang
Ca Mau Mangroves
Cat Ba Archipelagos
Can Gio Mangroves BR
•Coordination at all levels
•Over-tourism
•Stakeholder responsibility
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Cat Tien BRTropical Humid Forests & Swamps
•Community participation
•Building capacity for leaders and public
•Alternative generation of incomes
Proposed Cat Ba BRArchipelagos, mangroves, seagrasses, tropical forests
•Comprehensive understanding the BR purposes
•Tourism & conservation
•Long-terms planning
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Proposed Red River Delta BR/Ramsar Site
•Zoning and agreed responsibility
•Stakeholder involvement
•Economic valuation
Proposed Ben En BRTropical Humid Forests, Freshwater Lakes
•Building capacity at all levels•Coordination in practice•Education and public awareness
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Proposed Kien Giang BRArchipelagos, mangroves, seagrasses, sea turtle and Dugong
•Public awareness
•Stakeholder involvement
•Over-exploitation
Potential Proposed Trans-boundary Biosphere Reserve
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Proposed Ca Mau BRMangroves
GDP Growth & Conservation (Government)
Zonation: Design Acceptance & Implementation (Local)
Improvement of knowledge & awareness of leadership & local people (Both)
MAB Vietnam: Opportunities & Challenges
C¸t Tiªn
Can GioMangroves
ReD River Delta/RamsarSite Ben En
Kien Giang
Ca Mau Mangroves
Cat BaArchipelagos
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Major issues in management of Biosphere Reserves
Poor households and conservation effortsCommunity participation in decision making processLong-term planning, property right and inequityAwareness, education and enforcement
Methodology & Approach
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Root causes analysis:Pressures-Changes-Responses
Pressures
Environmental and social changes
Responses
Response
Role of Stakeholder Analysis
The decision making process is the most appropriate when considering the engagement of different types of stakeholder groups in which who to include and who to exclude from the deliberation
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Social-Ecological Monitoring
As a tool for showing the present state and further scenarios in use of natural resources related socio-economic conditions as well as stakeholders with their benefits, voluntary levels of involvement and practices
LogFrame/Problem tree Analysis
Stakeholders-based discussion on field problemsProblem analysis: major problems grouped into a problem tree with cause and effect, followed by an objectives analysis with a restatement of the problems into realistically achievable goals.Synthesis structure for identification, planning and management of natural resourcesFinal outputs: a planning matrix-logical structure of main elements and highlights logical linkages between intended inputs, planned activities and expected results.
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RRD Workshops/Discussion
‘Initiation of Social-ecological
Monitoring in the Nominated Biosphere Reserve of
Coastal Wetlands in Red River Delta.
Can Gio Workshop/Discussion
‘Improvement of Legal and
Institutional Framework for
Integrated Management of
Can GioMangrove Biosphere Reserve’
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Stakeholder groups described by socio-economic classification
income leveloccupational groupemployment statusdegree of formal involvement
(group cohesion, formal or informal structures)
Stakeholders characterized into priority groups
level of influence (control or access to power and resources)
&important to the decision makers (power, legitimacy, urgency)
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Three sets of stakeholders considered in making the classification
•Definitive stakeholders•Expectant stakeholders•Latent stakeholders
The preference of the stakeholder groups stakeholder conflicts and trade-off analysis
•Participating dialogues of stakeholders to deliberate and discuss resource management issues in order to develop or refine their preferences.
•weighting up the advantages and disadvantages of any management options and assess how the net benefits can be maximized.
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Scio-economic indicators
Principle: Quantifiable, Simple andFeasible Consideration
Stakeholder-based selection, prioritization and implementation
Integration by testing models as a support system for decision makers
Initial Results
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Table 1: Stakeholders and their interests in Proposal Red River Delta BR
-Stable regulations-Extraction of products from BR-Access to product-landing site-Enjoying their visits to BR
-Allocated land-owners-Legal extraction-Illegal extraction-Tourist guiders
On-site communities
-Resident adjunction BR-Waste run-off into the water-Selling products-Trading land-Number of visiters
-Hoteliers-Restaurateurs-Informal venders-Local land-owners not resident on their land-Tourism agencies
Off-site communities
-Implementation-PC of communeCommunal level
-Proponent and implementation-Conflic management
-PC of districtDistrict level
-Planning and decision making-Land-use and lands related
PC of province, DOSTE, DARDProvincial level
-Granting planning-Funding projects-Developing management strategy
PM office, MPI, MOSTE, MARD, MoFand others
-Adoption of regulations and planningNational assemblyNational
-Funding infrastructure development-Loan to compliance with international treaties-Development and conservation projects
UNESCOWorld bankInt’ agenciesNGOs
Global and international society
Interests in BRStakeholder groupsContinuum level
Table 2: Stakeholder analysis for resource management in Can Gio Biosphere Reserve in Southern Vietnam`
Pond promotionCredit regulations***Nat. banks and credits
Direct collectionLocal relation & confidence
***Private trades
Pond promotionExtension and investment***Trading companies
Pond promotionExtension and investment***Feeding Companies
and extensionCollection network***
market guidesMarket guides***
ProductProduct quality***MoF/PFs
Hatchery control***
Product quality***
Technical guidesDisease control***MoF/DoF
Direct control & MonitorProtection and Extension ***MARD/DARD
Direct controlAdministrative management
***
Contracts**Administration
Direct managementRed Books*District/Commune
Implementation GuidanceOrdinances and Decisions
******PM Bureau/Provincial Administration
Approved Law of Land-use******National Assembly
FunctionsLaunching RegulationsClam beds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.
Ponds managed by owned-HHs
Ponds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.
Forests New-planted by Districts/communes
State owned Forests
Forests in Protected Areas
Important and influenceShrimp Ponds and Clam BedsMangrove ForestsInstitutional arrangement
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Hatchery control
***
Product quality***
Technical guides
Disease control
***MoF/DoF
Direct control & Monitor
Protection and Extension
***MARD/DARD
Direct controlAdministrative management
***
Contracts**Administration
Direct management
Red Books*District/Commune
Implementation Guidance
Ordinances and Decisions
******PM Bureau/Provincial Administration
Approved Law of Land-use
******National Assembly
FunctionsLaunching Regulations
Clam beds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.
Ponds managed by owned-HHs
Ponds managed by HHs signed contacts with Dist. Adm.
Forests New-planted by Districts/communes
State owned Forests
Forests in Protected Areas
Important and influenceShrimp Ponds and Clam BedsMangrove ForestsInstitutional arrangement
Pond promotion
Credit regulations
***Nat. banks and credits
Direct collection
Local relation & confidence
***Private trades
Pond promotion
Extension and investment
***Trading companies
Pond promotion
Extension and investment
***Feeding Companies
and extension
Collection network
***
market guides
Market guides***
ProductProduct quality***MoF/PFs
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Table 3a: BR management stakeholders in decision making process
ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders
Relative important and influence to DMP
Degree of stakeholders’ possession
LowHighAlways high
-Farmers
MediumHighIncreasing-Scientists
highVery highIncreasing-Aquaculture processors
Very highVery highAlways high
-District planners
Extreme highExtreme highStill high-National and Provincial leaders
Definitive
Table 3b: BR management stakeholders in decision making process
ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders
Relative important and influence to DMP
Degree of stakeholders’ possession
Expectant
MediumMediumIncreasing-Local communities
MediumHighIncreasing-Environment groups
MediumHighIncreasingMedium-Local associations
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Table 3c: BR management stakeholders in decision making process
ImportantInfluenceUrgencyLegitimacyPowerStakeholders
Relative important and influence to DMP
Degree of stakeholders’ possession
Latent
HighHighIncreasing-Tourism
LowMediumIncreasing-Equipment supply
HighLowIncreasing-Consumers
HighHighAlways high
-Bank
LowLowIncreasing-Future generation
Very highVery highAlways high
-Media
HighMediumIncreasing-citizen
Indicators for social monitoring in BRs
Basic demographics and well-being of peopleEcosystem useSocio-economic dynamismManagement, participation and governanceValues and attitudesInformation, education and researchFuture
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xx8. Clean water supplyxxx7. Industry and servicesxxx6. Tourism
x5. Aquaculturex4. Fishing
xx3. Forestryxx2. Income sourcesxx1. Household income ResponseChangesPressuresMajor Indicators
16 Major indicators prioritized from 72 indicators selected
Cont.
xx16. Telephone, mobi & internet
xx15. New roads & bridges
xx14. Divorce rate
xx13. Hospital and services
xx12. Junior secondary level
xx11. Un-employment rate
xx10. Migration/Immigration
x9. Growth rate of population
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Socio-economic indicators and Pressures-Changes-Responses (P-C-R) framework analysis
Model Tested
Cultural values and conservation
Protected Excoecariaagalocha in Hue by local mystical legend
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Conclusion & Recommendation
• Integrated management in biosphere reserves is less effective when key stakeholders are excluded from decision making and management.
• Social monitoring as an effective tool for both decision making process and decision-makers to integrate measures in use and management of biosphere reserves in present as well as in the future.
Thank youThank youThank you
Can Gio: A new bridge linking economic development & conservation
Can Can GioGio: A new bridge linking economic : A new bridge linking economic development & conservationdevelopment & conservation
http://mabvn.vn
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Biosphere reserves and sustainable development in the transition economy
GDP Growth rate 1980-2003 and projection for 2005-2010 (%)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2010
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Ca Mau 1980
Ca Mau 1990
Ca Mau 1995
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Mangrove Loss and plan expected (‘000 ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Investment for conservation efforts (‘000 USD)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total investment
International donors
Domestic investment
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Evolution of Protected Area System (‘000 ha)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Total Areas of Forests and Reforestation (‘000 ha)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1943 1975 1980 1983 1985 1990 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999
Total areas
Planted areas
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The Xuan Thuy Ramsar Site & Wetland National Park
Egg & Chicken and Development Idea
Embryo Albumin
Environment/Temperature
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–– BR ExpectationsBR Expectations1.1. ConservationConservation2.2. Development modelsDevelopment models3.3. Education & TrainingEducation & Training
SeaBRnet
Ecotone
MAB/
Ecosystem Approach
ASPACO
Others (International & Domestic Investments)
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