Underground Physics Research in Finland
Jukka MaalampiDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of JyväskyläandHelsinki Institute of Physics
RECFA Helsinki 8-9 October 2010
An Underground Cosmic Ray Experiment EMMA (Experiment with MultiMuon Array) in Pyhäsalmi mine. Under construction and testing.
Megaton observatory for neutrinos and proton decay (LAGUNA). In Design Study phase. Pyhäsalmi mine a candidate
location.
Underground Physics projects
CUPP - Center of Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi mine
Administrated by University of Oulu. Supported by University of Jyväskylä.
Research activity since 2000 Pyhäsalmi mine is the deepest
operating hard rock mine in Europa (1444 m). Known ore reserves until ca 2018. Operated by Inmet Mining Corporation, Canada
Small scale pilot experiments Radon migration in the rock
2000-2001 China University of Geophysics
Investigation of Neutron Multiplicity Khlopin Radium Institute of St.
Petersburg MUG 2000-2002
Muons UnderGround. Measured muon flux at different depths down to 210 m
MUD 2004-2005 Movable Underground
Detector. Measured muon flux down to 1490 m
EMMA – Experiment with Multi-Muon Array Experiment for studying the knee-area
of the cosmic ray energy spectrum via multi-muon events
Recycled LEP-DELPHI drift chambers & small scale scintillators (manufac-tured by IHEP, Protvino)
Under construction at the depth of 75 m, to be completed in 2011. Total detector area 300 m2
Funded mainly by EU through the Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ~300 k€/yr. Funding also from the Academy of Finland and universities and grants from private foundations. Total funding so far ~2 M€. Scintillators 0.7 M€, drift chambers ~0 k€.
The concept Measures the laternal
distribution of muons which depends on the chemical composition of the primary cosmic rays.
Novelty: only the high-energy muons created close to the primary cosmic ray reach the detector
Direction sensitivity < 1 degree
EMMA Collaboration
The Finnish EMMA team (+ summer students)U. Jyväskylä and U. Oulu
T. Enqvist, J. Joutsenvaara, P. Kuusiniemi, T. Räihä, J. Sarkamo University of Oulu, Finland
T. Kalliokoski, K. Loo, M. Slupecki, W.H. Trzaska, A. Virkajärvi University of Jyväskylä, Finland
L. Bezrukov, L. Inzhechik, B. Lubsandorzhiev, V. Petkov, V. Volchenko, A. Yanin RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia
H. FynboUniversity of Århus, Denmark
PhD-students underlined
Scientific Advisory Board Tiina Suomijärvi (Orsay), chair Leonid Bezrukov (INR, Russian Academy of Sciences) Anatoly Erlykin (Durham/LPI, Moscow) Andreas Haungs (Karlsruhe)
LAGUNALarge Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics
Design study 2009-2011 (FP 7, 1.7 M€) 9 countries, 28 institutions, ~100 members Finland: U. Jyväskylä, U. Oulu, Kalliosuunnittelu Oy
Rockplan (rock engineering), ~10 persons involved, EU funding 0.24 M€. Salaries from other sources (Universities, foundations, Rockplan).
Pyhäsalmi mine a candidate location (6 other) 3 detector options: GLACIER (LiAR), LENA (LScin),
MEMPHYS (WC) Technical feasibility study done (~1200 pages)
Cite candidates
ASPERA Roadmap
To be updated soon.
Scientific goals Long/Short Baseline neutrino
physics CP violation Mass hierarchy CERN-Pyhäsalmi offers a LBL (2300 km
≈ ”magic baseline”) not considered elsewhere in the world
CERN-Fréjus offers a SBL (130 km) not considered elsewhere in the world
Proton decay (testing GUTs) Solar neutrinos Supernova neutrinos (new&old) Geoneutrinos
Thank you for your attention!
Backup slides
Test run in spring 2010A 29 track event in station C