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Chapter Objectives
Identify the types of fashion products.Explain the main categories of fashion apparel.Identify the classifications of fashion apparel categories.Explain the fashion cycle.Discuss the role of fashion leaders.Identify the different theories of fashion movement.Discuss the difference between fashion trends and fads.
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Types of Fashion Products
Manufacturers make a variety of lines.
lines groups of styles and designs produced and sold as a set of related products for a given season
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Types of Fashion Products
The two main types of product lines are hardlines and softlines.
hardlines lines of products that are non-textile, such as small and large appliances, home accessories, and items not made of fabric
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softlines lines of products made from textiles that include apparel and household items such as towels, table linens, and bedding
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Types of Apparel
Apparel is categorized by groups—women’s wear, men’s wear, and infants’ and children’s wear.
apparel term used for clothing, as in personal attire or garments
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Apparel producers designate a certain product number to represent each style of apparel.
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Types of Accessories
Producers present accessories in two seasonal lines each year.
accessories fashion items that are added to complete or enhance outfits
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Most accessories are softlines.
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Home Furnishings
Fashion trends in the home furnishings industry move at a slower pace than those in the apparel industry.
home furnishings the fashion category that includes textiles used to furnish and decorate the home, such as towels, linens, and bedding
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Home Furnishings
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Categories of Home Furnishings
DomesticsHome
FurnishingsFloor
Coverings
Bed linens
Bathroom items
Table and kitchen linens
Windowtreatments
Upholsteryfurniture
Throw pillows
Carpeting
Rugs
Non-fabricfloor tiles
Many apparel designers also produce home furnishing lines.8
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Categories and Classifications in Apparel
The women’s wear category represents the
largest share of the apparel industry.--------------------------------------------------------
The industry manufactures new lines
for about five different seasons each year.
fall, holiday, winter, spring, summer----------------------------------------------------------
The retail life of a line is approximately ten weeks.
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Categories and Classifications in Apparel
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Women’s Size Ranges
Misses: Regular sizes 2-14 Petite: for women under 5’4”
Women’s: Plus sizes Juniors: sizes 1-13
Sportswear separates
Dresses
Evening and bridal
Maternity
Outerwear
Suits
Active wear
Swimwear/beachwear
Intimate apparel
Accessories
Footwear
Miscellaneous apparel
Women’s Apparel Classifications
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Categories and Classifications in Apparel
Fashion marketers present new lines of men’s apparel twice a year.
Fall/Winter and Spring/Summer
The fall/winter lines are the
most important, followed by
the spring/summer lines.
Different seasons determine fabric weight.
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Categories and Classifications in Apparel
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Tailored apparel
Furnishings
Sportswear
Miscellaneous apparel
Heavy outerwear
Work clothing
Footwear
Men’s Apparel Classifications
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Categories and Classifications in Apparel
Children’s Wear:There are three main production seasons for manufacturers of children’s apparel:
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Pre-Fall
Spring/Summer
Winter/Holiday
Categories and Classifications in Apparel
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Infants’ and Children’s Wear Classifications
Infant: 0-24 months
Toddler: 2T-4T
Young children: 2-6X
Girls: 6-12
Boys: 6-12
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Variety of Fashion
Categories and classifications of fashion products allow producers and retailers to more efficiently make, market, and sell fashion to consumers.
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What are the three main merchandise categories of apparel? women’s wear, men’s wear and infant’s/children’s wear
What are the size classifications for women’s clothing? Misses: Regular sizes 2-14, Women’s: plus sizes, Petites: women under 5’4”, Juniors: 1-13
Describe the difference between hardlines and softlines and give a few examples of each.
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Chapter 5
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The Fashion CycleThe Fashion Cycle
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The Fashion Cycle
To better understand the different phases of the fashion cycle, it is important to understand style, acceptance, and timeliness of fashions.Note: Special features, such as color, texture, and fabric, also go through fashion cycles.
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fashion cycle the period of time or life span during which the fashion exists, moving through stages, from introduction through obsolescence
The Fashion Cycle:
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Peak
Rise
Introduction
Decline
ObsolescenceAcceptance
Time
The length of time that a particular fashion remains in any of the stages of the life cycle depends on the consumer’s willingness to accept the fashion.
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Fashion Movement
There are many factors that can affect fashion movement.
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fashion movement the ongoing motion of fashion moving through the fashion cycle
Economic and social
New fibers and fabrics
Advertising techniques
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Fashion Movement
Fashion leaders start the upward climb of the fashion cycle.
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fashion leaders trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the general public
Media celebrities to common street folk can often set the fashion cycles in motion.
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Fashion MovementThree theories of fashion movement identify the starting point of a fashion trend:
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fashion trend the direction of the movement of fashion that is accepted in the marketplaceTrickle-Down Theory
Trickle-Up Theory
Trickle-Across Theory
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Fashion MovementThe trickle-down theory is the oldest and most accepted theory of fashion change.
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trickle-down theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socioeconomic status
As more people begin to wear popular fashions, those at the top become less interested and begin to look for something new.
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Fashion Movement
The trickle-up theory is the opposite of the trickle-down theory.
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trickle-up theory a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts with consumers on lower-income levels and then moves to consumers with higher incomes
Examples include:
Athletic apparel style
Hair style
Punk style
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Fashion Movement
The trickle-across theory is especially probable in the 21st century because technology allows designer fashion to be copied quickly and easily.
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trickle-across theory a hypothesis stating that fashion acceptance begins among several socioeconomic classes at the same time
Fashion Movement*
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Consumers with high socioeconmic status
Trend
General public
Trend
Consumers withhigher incomes
Consumers withlower incomes
Trend
Acceptance comes from several groups at
the same time
Trickle-DownTheory
Trickle-UpTheory
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*This constant flux of approval keeps the ever-changing Fashion Industry an exciting and dynamic business.
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Fashion Trends vs. FadsA fad can be recognized by its sudden appearance and disappearance.
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fad a fashion that is popular for a very short time
However, a trend can be a fad that has stood the test of time. (Starts as a fad, but then stays long enough to be a trend)
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What are the five stages of the fashion cycle? introduction stage, rise stage, peak stage, decline stage, and obsolescence stage
What are three theories of how fashions become popular? Trickle-down theory, trickle-up theory, and trickle-across theory
What is the difference between a fashion trend and a fashion fad? A fad is popular for a short period of time, but a trend moves through the fashion cycle more slowly. A trend can be a fad that has lasted.
A.
B.
C.
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1. Name the main types of product lines.
The main product lines are hardlines, such as non-textile home accessories, and softlines, such as textile items such as apparel and linens.
1. Categories of fashion apparel include women’s wear, men’s wear, infants’ wear, and children’s wear.
2. They designate a certain number to represent each style of apparel.
3. Types of fashion accessories include items such as footwear, handbags, headwear, scarves, neckties, jewelry, gloves, and hosiery.
4.
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Checking Concepts
2. Identify the categories of fashion apparel.
3. Identify how retailers designate each style of apparel.
4. List types of fashion accessories.
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5. Explain the rise stage of the fashion cycle.
During the rise stage, fashions become accepted by more people because they can afford them. Mass production reduces the price of the fashion so more sales occur.
5. Fashion leaders are trendsetters, or individuals who are the first to wear new styles, after which the fashion is adopted by the public.
6. The trickle-down theory is a hypothesis that states the movement of fashion starts at the top with consumers of higher socio-economic status.
7.
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6. Define the term fashion leaders.
7. Explain the trickle-down theory of fashion movement.