TYPE 0 vs. TYPE 1TYPE 0 vs. TYPE 1
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
TYPE 2 vs. TYPE 3TYPE 2 vs. TYPE 3
MIXED TYPE MIXED TYPE 3-2 and 2-3 3-2 and 2-3
EVEN IF EVEN IF ONLY IF ONLY IF IF ONLYIF ONLY
OTHERWISEOTHERWISEOROR
UNLESSUNLESS
PROVIDEDPROVIDEDPROVIDINGPROVIDINGAS LONG ASAS LONG AS
ON CONDITION THATON CONDITION THAT
IF IF ☻☻ SHOULD SHOULDIF IF ☻☻ WERE TO WERE TO
CONDITIONAL ADVERBSAND OTHER CONFUSABLE STRUCTURES
IF vs. IN CASE IF vs. IN CASE
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
ALWAYS THE SAME OUTCOME
V1IF V1 RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
A POSSIBLE OUTCOMEIN THE FUTURE
V
IF V1 ,WILL
MAY-MIGHT-COULDCAN
RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
A PARTICULAR CONDITION
IF you press on this button,the shock freeze
modeWHAT COMES NEXT
operates.
PARTICULARLY SPEAKING
IF Kayla presses on this button again after all that has happened,
I am sure, I
A PERSONAL OPINION
will beshocked.
T Y
P E
0
T Y
P E
1
GENERALLY SPEAKING
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
ALWAYS THE SAME OUTCOME
IF you dye your hair in yellow,
V1IF V1
you
a blonde.
A NATURAL OUTCOME
RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
become
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
A POSSIBLE OUTCOMEIN THE FUTURE
V
IF V1 ,WILL
MAY-MIGHT-COULDCAN
RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
PERSONALLY SPEAKING
IF Kayla dyes her beautiful auburn hair in yellow,
she an ugly blonde.
A PERSONAL OPINION
will become
T Y
P E
0
T Y
P E
1
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
ALWAYS THE SAME OUTCOME
V1IF V1 RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
A PARTICULAR PRESENT CONDITION
A POSSIBLE OUTCOMEIN THE FUTURE
V
IF V1 ,WILL
MAY-MIGHT-COULDCAN
RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
GENERALLY SPEAKING
IF you grow obsessed with your looks at school,
your academic performance
A NATURAL OUTCOME
declines.
PARTICULARLY SPEAKING
IF Kayla’s obsession with her looks continues at this rate,
I am afraid, her academic performance
A PERSONAL OPINION
will decline.
T Y
P E
0
T Y
P E
1
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONAT THE PRESENT TIME
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULT
AT THE PRESENT TIME
IF V2 RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONIN THE PAST
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULTIN THE PAST
HAVE V3
IF HAD V3 , RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
IMAGINED TO BE SO NOW
IF most top models
Many young girls
IMAGINED TO HAPEN IN GENERAL
wouldn’t go
T Y
P E
2
T Y
P E
3
VWOUL
DCOULDMIGHT
WOULDCOULD
MIGHTR
ES
ULT
so skinny but beautiful,
weren’t
not be not go
on risky crash diets.
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
IF Kay she
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
wouldn’t have lost
on so many crash diets,
hadn’t gone
not go not lose
her health last year.
REAL; Models are skinny…UNREAL; IF models weren’t so
skinny…
REAL; so girls go on risky dietsUNREAL; girls wouldn’t go on risky
diets
REAL; Kay went on so many diets…UNREAL; IF Kay hadn’t gone on …
diets
REAL; so she lost her healthUNREAL; she wouldn’t have lost her health
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONAT THE PRESENT TIME
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULT
AT THE PRESENT TIME
IF V2 RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONIN THE PAST
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULTIN THE PAST
HAVE V3
IF HAD V3 , RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
IMAGINED TO HAPPEN REGULARLY
IF I I
IMAGINED TO BE SO NOW
would be
T Y
P E
2
T Y
P E
3
VWOUL
DCOULDMIGHT
WOULDCOULD
MIGHTR
ES
ULT
enough regular exercise,took
take be
much fitter and better in shape now.
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
IF I I
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE BEEN SO IN THE PAST
wouldn’t have been ignored
regular exercise when I was young,
had taken
take be ignored
by most of the girls.
REAL; I don’t take enough exercise…UNREAL; IF I took enough exercise…
REAL; so I am not fitter and better…
UNREAL; I would be fitter and better…
REAL; I didn’t take regular exercise…UNREAL; IF I had taken regular
exercise…
REAL; so I was ignored by most girls
UNREAL; I wouldn’t have been ignored …
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONAT THE PRESENT TIME
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULT
AT THE PRESENT TIME
IF V2R
ES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONIN THE PAST
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULTIN THE PAST
HAVE V3
IF HAD V3
, RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE BEEN SO FOR SOME TIME
IF Bella she
IMAGINED NOT TO BE SO NOW
wouldn’t be
MIX
ED
3 -
2
MIX
ED
2 -
3
VWOUL
DCOULDMIGHT
WOULDCOULD
MIGHTR
ES
ULT
diet for so many years,
hadn’t been on
not be not beso charming, fit and healthy as she is now.
IMAGINED TO BE THE CASE NOW
IF Adam he
IMAGINED TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
would have told
such a big problem as you suggest,
had
have not tell
me in the very first place.
REAL; Bella has been on diet for years,UNREAL; IF Bella hadn’t been on diet
for…
REAL; so she is charming and fitUNREAL; she wouldn’t be charming and
fit
REAL; Adam doesn’t have a big problem
UNREAL; IF Adam had a big problem
REAL; since he didn’t tell me anything
UNREAL; he would have told me first
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONAT THE PRESENT TIME
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULT
AT THE PRESENT TIME
IF V2R
ES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
,
AN IMAGINARY CONDITIONIN THE PAST
RELATED IMAGINARY RESULTIN THE PAST
HAVE V3
IF HAD V3
, RES
ULT
CO
ND
ITIO
N
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
IF her pals she
IMAGINED NOT TO BE HAPPENING NOW
wouldn’t be hanging round
MIX
ED
3 -
2
MIX
ED
2 -
3
VWOUL
DCOULDMIGHT
WOULDCOULD
MIGHTR
ES
ULT
Jane,
hadn’t ostracised
not ostracise
not be hanging roundwith those punks now .
IMAGINED NOT TO BE SO NOW
IF Cynthia she
IMAGINED NOT TO HAVE HAPPENED IN THE PAST
would not have
missed
so obsessed with her looks,
weren’t
not be not missthe school bus while dolling herself up.
REAL; Her pals ostracised Jane,UNREAL; IF her pals hadn’t ostracised
Jane
REAL; so she is hanging round with…UNREAL; she wouldn’t be hanging
round…
REAL; She is obsessed with her looks,UNREAL; IF she weren’t obsessed
with…
REAL; so she missed the bus dolling upUNREAL; she wouldn’t have missed …
up
A S S O C I A T E S O F I F A S S O C I A T E S O F I F Click to see the prompt to guide you to give a response.Click to see the prompt to guide you to give a response. Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘EVEN IF’Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘EVEN IF’
Click to see Click to see
a possible answer a possible answer
John might giveJohn might give
Click to see Click to see a possible a possible
answer.answer.
Click to see Click to see the conditoin that the conditoin that
is so imperativeis so imperativeso as to pardonso as to pardon
Meghan.Meghan.
What are you dreaming so What are you dreaming so
wistfullywistfully?? Is it about the Is it about the
hunky boy at the party?hunky boy at the party?
““IF ONLYIF ONLY I… I…
EVEN IFEVEN IF ONLY IFONLY IF
EMPASIZES SOMETHING EMPASIZES SOMETHING
WILL STILL BE THE SAME NO WILL STILL BE THE SAME NO
MATTER WHAT CONDITION MATTER WHAT CONDITION
IS FULFILLED IS FULFILLED
IF ONLYIF ONLY
EMPHASIZES SOMETHING IS EMPHASIZES SOMETHING IS
POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
ONLY UNDER ONE ONLY UNDER ONE
PARTICULAR CONDITIONPARTICULAR CONDITION
EXPRESSES ONLY A STRONG EXPRESSES ONLY A STRONG
WISH WISH
SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN
FOR ‘ONLY IF’FOR ‘ONLY IF’
How much do you like How much do you like
wearing earrings, Johnwearing earrings, John??
““I would not give I would not give
them upthem up
EVEN IFEVEN IF……
Is there no hope Meghan Is there no hope Meghan
could be admitted back to could be admitted back to
her schoolher school??
““Well, Well, ONLY IFONLY IF……
Click to see the FUNCTION of the next item!Click to see the FUNCTION of the next item! Click to see other associates of IF!Click to see other associates of IF!
……they expelled me from they expelled me from
school, my girlfriend left school, my girlfriend left
me, my ears contracted a me, my ears contracted a
terrible diseaseterrible disease,, or the or the
end of the world came!end of the world came!””
……she can prove she she can prove she isis not not
responsible for what has responsible for what has
happenedhappened
……she gets the tattoo on she gets the tattoo on
her face laser deletedher face laser deleted
……were the only girl herewere the only girl here
……were pretty enough for were pretty enough for
him to notice mehim to notice me
……my boyfriend hadn’t my boyfriend hadn’t
come here, toocome here, too””
Janet will not stop hanging Janet will not stop hanging
round with those coquettish round with those coquettish
girlsgirls
IFIF they they DON’TDON’T cast her out. cast her out.
Brianna must write a Brianna must write a
letter of apology to each letter of apology to each
of her friends that she of her friends that she
has offended.has offended.
IFIF she she DOESN’TDOESN’T , ,
she will be expelled.she will be expelled.OTHERWISE,OTHERWISE,
A S S O C I A T E S O F I F A S S O C I A T E S O F I F
OTHERWISEOTHERWISEOROR UNLESSUNLESS
REPEAT THE REPEAT THE MEANING OF THE MEANING OF THE
WHOLE CONWHOLE CONDDITIONAL CLAUSE ITIONAL CLAUSE
REDUCING THE MEANING TOREDUCING THE MEANING TO ‘‘IF IF
NOTNOT’’
STANDS FOR THE WORDS ‘STANDS FOR THE WORDS ‘IFIF’’
AND ‘AND ‘NOTNOT’’ IN THE FULL FORM OF IN THE FULL FORM OF
THE CONDITIONAL CLAUSETHE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
Click to see the FUNCTION of the next item!Click to see the FUNCTION of the next item! Click to see an example.Click to see an example. Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘OTHERWISE & OR’Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘OTHERWISE & OR’ Click to alternate ‘IF NOT’ with ‘OTHERWISE / OR’Click to alternate ‘IF NOT’ with ‘OTHERWISE / OR’
UNLESSUNLESS theythey
Click to see another exampleClick to see another example Click to alternate ‘IF NOT’ with ‘OTHERWISE / OR’Click to alternate ‘IF NOT’ with ‘OTHERWISE / OR’ Click to see how ‘UNLESS’ replaces the two words Click to see how ‘UNLESS’ replaces the two words
‘‘IF’ & ‘NOT’ in the conditional clauseIF’ & ‘NOT’ in the conditional clause
* if she doesn’t,
Click to see how ‘SHOULD’ replaces ‘IF’Click to see how ‘SHOULD’ replaces ‘IF’
Cassandra reformed all her Cassandra reformed all her
bad attitudes to her friends.bad attitudes to her friends.
IFIF she she HADN’THADN’T , ,
sshe would have been he would have been
rejected by every one of rejected by every one of
them.them.
OTHERWISE,OTHERWISE,* if she hadn’t,
* IF they do NOT cast her out,
IFIF the whole image the whole image ISN’TISN’T
airbrushedairbrushed,, tthis his
handsome boy in the handsome boy in the
picture cannot be Stevepicture cannot be Steve..
UNLESSUNLESS thethe wholewhole imageimage ISIS
* IF the whole image is NOT airbrushed,
Click to see other associates of IF!Click to see other associates of IF!
A S S O C I A T E S O F I F A S S O C I A T E S O F I F
PROVIDED alternates with
PROVIDING, AS LONG AS,
ON CONDITION THAT,
IF or ONLY IF
Click for the answer!
ON CONDITION THATreplaces AS LONG AS, PROVIDED, PROVIDING,
IF or ONLY IFClick for the answer!
AS LONG AS replaces
PROVIDED, PROVIDING,
ON CONDITION THAT, IF
or ONLY IF
Click for the answer!
What is your recipe for theWhat is your recipe for the
youngyoung toto look healthy?look healthy?
““TheyThey’ll ’ll looklook healthyhealthy
ON CONDITION THATON CONDITION THAT……
PROVIDEDPROVIDED -- PROVIDINGPROVIDING -- AS LONG ASAS LONG ASON CONDITION THATON CONDITION THAT
THEY DIRECTLY REPLACE ‘IF’ AND SUGGEST THEY DIRECTLY REPLACE ‘IF’ AND SUGGEST
SOMETHING WILL BE POSSIBLE SOMETHING WILL BE POSSIBLE WHENWHEN A PARTICULAR A PARTICULAR
CONDITION IS MET CONDITION IS MET What is your recipe for theWhat is your recipe for the
youngyoung toto look healthy?look healthy?
““They will look fit and They will look fit and
healthyhealthy PROVIDEDPROVIDED……
What is your recipe for theWhat is your recipe for the
youngyoung toto look healthy?look healthy?
““They will look fit and They will look fit and
healthyhealthy AS LONG ASAS LONG AS……
Click to see Click to see other associates.other associates.
……they eat in they eat in
moderationmoderation and and don’t don’t
skip mealsskip meals.”.”
...they ...they take regular take regular exerciseexercise.”.”
...they ...they sleep at least sleep at least
eight hours a day.”eight hours a day.”
Click to see the Click to see the how the following alternate with ‘IF’how the following alternate with ‘IF’ Click to see the prompt to guide you to give Click to see the prompt to guide you to give several responsesseveral responses
A S S O C I A T E S O F I F A S S O C I A T E S O F I F Click to see the prompt to guide you to give a response.Click to see the prompt to guide you to give a response.
Click to see Click to see a possible a possible
answer.answer.
SHOULD adds a meaning of SHOULD adds a meaning of
very small possibility to very small possibility to
get lost.get lost.
Click to see some Click to see some
possible answers.possible answers.
““WhatWhat wouldwould you do if you won the you do if you won the
national lottery?” national lottery?”
““IF IF II WERE TO WERE TO win the national win the national
lottery…lottery…
IFIF ☻☻ SHOULDSHOULD IFIF ☻☻ WEREWERE TOTO
INDICATES THE CONDITION IS LESS INDICATES THE CONDITION IS LESS
LIKELY TO HAPPEN BUT STILL LIKELY TO HAPPEN BUT STILL
POSSIBLE,POSSIBLE,
PREFERRED IN SPOKEN ENGLISHPREFERRED IN SPOKEN ENGLISH
ALTERNATIVE SHORTENED FORM OF ALTERNATIVE SHORTENED FORM OF
TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL CLAUSE,TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL CLAUSE,
IT IS TOTALLY IMAGINARYIT IS TOTALLY IMAGINARY
What will I do if I get lost in the What will I do if I get lost in the
city?city?
““That’s almost impossible, That’s almost impossible,
but but IF IF youyou SHOULD SHOULD……
Click to see the FUNCTION of Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘IF ‘IF ☻☻ SHOULD’ SHOULD’ Click to see more about ‘if Click to see more about ‘if ☻☻ should & if should & if ☻☻ were to’. were to’.
……get lost, call me at this number.get lost, call me at this number.
……manage that, don’t tell it to manage that, don’t tell it to
anybody!anybody!
……I would be unable to think about I would be unable to think about
what to dowhat to do
……I would not tell anyone about it I would not tell anyone about it
until I had decided what to do”until I had decided what to do”
Click to see the FUNCTION of Click to see the FUNCTION of ‘IF ‘IF ☻☻ WERE TO’ WERE TO’
Can you rewrite Can you rewrite
the examples the examples
with with IFIF ☻☻ SHOULDSHOULD??
Can you rewrite Can you rewrite
the examples withthe examples with
IF IF ☻☻ WERE TO WERE TO??
IFIF☻☻SHOULDSHOULD IFIF☻☻WERE TOWERE TO
TYPE 1 TYPE 1
A COINCIDENCE THAT MAY A COINCIDENCE THAT MAY
HAPPENHAPPEN
TYPE 2 TYPE 2
A PRESENT ASSUMPTIONA PRESENT ASSUMPTION
Can you tell Alexa to call me if you Can you tell Alexa to call me if you
HAPPEN TOHAPPEN TO see her? see her?
If you If you HAPPEN TOHAPPEN TO remember me, remember me,
could you send me an email?could you send me an email?
Would you say yes Would you say yes if I askedif I asked you to you to
marry me?marry me?
IIf you came acrossf you came across a hungry lion a hungry lion,,
wwhat would you do?hat would you do?
IF you SHOULD vs. IF you WERE TOIF you SHOULD vs. IF you WERE TO Click to see Click to see anan exercise item exercise item
Can you tell Alexa to call me Can you tell Alexa to call me IFIF you you
SHOULDSHOULD see her? see her?
IFIF you you SHOULDSHOULD remember me, could remember me, could
you send me an email? you send me an email?
Would you say yes, Would you say yes, IF IF II WERE TO WERE TO ask ask
you to marry me?you to marry me?
IFIF you you WERE TOWERE TO come across a come across a
hungry lion, what would you do?hungry lion, what would you do?
Click to see other associates of IF!Click to see other associates of IF! Click to see Click to see an exercise iteman exercise item
IF vs. IF vs. IN CASEIN CASE
IFIF IN CASEIN CASE
SOMETHING WILL BE DONE SOMETHING WILL BE DONE
AFTERAFTER ANOTHER ANOTHER
SOMETHING IS DONE SOMETHING IS DONE
BEFOREHANDBEFOREHAND AS A AS A
PRECAUTIONPRECAUTION
Click to see some exercise itemsClick to see some exercise items Match the sentences with the best inference.Match the sentences with the best inference.
11 I will have the snow tiresI will have the snow tires
installed installed ifif it snows. it snows.
22 I will have the snow tires I will have the snow tires
installed installed in casein case it snows. it snows.
33 I drive slowly I drive slowly ifif there is a there is a
speed trap.speed trap.
44 I drive slowly I drive slowly in casein case there is there is
a speed trap.a speed trap.
The speaker sometimes
drives fast.
The speaker may or may not
have the tires changed
The speaker always drives
fast.
The speaker is having the
tires changed anyway
11
22
44
33
You are ready to do some exercise.You are ready to do some exercise.