Turtles ExperimentBransford, Barclay & Franks (1972)

Group 1

“Three turtles rested beside a floating logand a fish swam beneath them.”

“Three turtles rested beside a floating logand a fish swam beneath it.”Result: very few false alarms

Group 2

“Three turtles rested on a floating logand a fish swam beneath them.”

“Three turtles rested on a floating logand a fish swam beneath it.”Result: many false alarms!

STUDY

TEST

STUDY

TEST