Download ppt - TriStar MPPT Training Program Brad Berwald Sr. Sales Engineer [email protected]

TriStar MPPT Training ProgramTriStar MPPT Training Program

Brad BerwaldSr. Sales [email protected]

Training OverviewTraining Overview

TriStar Family Applications – where is it used?

Product Details – ratings, specs and features.

MPPT Advantages – the benefits of an MPPT controller over other types.

Competitive Advantages – TriStar MPPT’s features that beat the competition

Sizing and Setup – how to configure the TS MPPT

Product Communications – all the ways you can communicate with the TS MPPT

Questions?

TriStar ApplicationsTriStar Applications

•With its several operating modes and sizing configurations, the TriStar family of controllers is perfect in the following applications:

• Scalable Telecommunications systems from 1-15kw• Residential Off-Grid and Grid-Tie with battery• RV and Boating (Mobile Market)• Traffic and Highway Telemetry• Industrial Automation and control systems (SCADA)• Larger scale Solar Outdoor Lighting

Following are some of the applications the

TriStar has been used in. (TriStar PWM is shown)

Back-Up SystemBack-Up SystemFive TS-60’s used in parallel to provide charging for this 10kW communications building.

Norway Weather StationNorway Weather StationDual TriStar System used for Wind and Solar charging in very Northern region.

Portable Power StationPortable Power StationTwo TriStars used for 5kw system in military application.

Ratings and FeaturesRatings and Features

• 45A and 60A Versions

• 150V Maximum Open Circuit Voltage

• MPPT charge control with TrakStar TechnologyTM

Maximizes Energy HarvestMaximizes Energy Harvest

• Very fast sweeping of the entire I-V curve

• Recognition of multiple power points during shading or mixed PV arrays

• Excellent performance at sunrise and low solar insolation levels

Robust Thermal DesignRobust Thermal Design

• Passively cooled – no fans required• Parallel circuit design provides less stress and longer life for electronic components• No mechanical relays• Extensive electronic protections including PV short circuit protection• Epoxy encapsulated inductors and conformally coated printed circuit boards

Electrical SpecificationsElectrical Specifications

Specification

Peak Efficiency 99%

Nominal System Voltage 12, 24, 36 or 48 volts DC

Max. Solar Open Circuit Voltage

150 VDC

Battery Operating Voltage Range

8-68 VDC

Maximum Self-consumption 2.3 Watts

Transient Surge Protection 4500 Watts/terminal

TriStar MPPT SizingTriStar MPPT Sizing

Battery TS – MPPT-45 TS – MPPT-60

12 Volt 600 Watts 800 Watts



With the TriStar MPPT you can size in pure watts since the controller provides the maximum current available from the system after conversion. Wattages in excess of those below will be held to controller current limit.

Electronic ProtectionsElectronic Protections

Solar: Overload, Short Circuit, High Voltage Battery: High Voltage High Temperature Lightning and Transient Surges – all

terminals Reverse Current at Night

CertificationsCertifications CE Compliant ETL Listed (UL1741) FCC Class B Part 15 Compliant Complies with (NEC) U.S. National Electric

Code RoHS Compliant Manufactured in a certified ISO 9001 facility

Charge Controllers: MPPT vs. PWM Charge Controllers: MPPT vs. PWM

PWM Charge Control MPPT Charge Control

PV Array and Battery Voltages must match.

Array is sized in Amps based in Imp of modules.

Less expensive Simpler series switching

charge control circuit using PWM pulse charge control.

Array can be higher nominal voltage than battery and controller converters power down.

Array is sized in watts High Frequency charge

control

Maximum Power Point TrackingMaximum Power Point Tracking

The Technology behind maximum energy harvest.

1. The controller needs to keep the module operating at the Vmp to ensure rated output in watts of the PV module.

2. Accounts for changes in temperature and irradiance through the day.

3. Ensures grid-tie modules (i.e. 54 and 72 cell) are optimized in voltage for effective battery charge regardless of their nominal voltage.

Even the largest and most efficient controller can give up crucial power if not tracking the power point of the module correctly. Speed and logic in the tracking algorithm yield gains that pure size and efficiency cannot make on their own.

MPPT EconomicsMPPT Economics

MSRP

TS-60 PWM + RTS $258 TS MPPT-60 + RTS $669Incremental cost of MPPT $411PV Module Cost/Wp $4Boost Needed to cover MPPT cost (Wp) 103 WattsBoost Needed to cover MPPT cost (%): 500 Wp PV array 21% 1kWp PV array 10% 1.5 kWp PV array 7%

“Boost” – 10-30% gain in charging amps out of the same module used on a PWM controller. The greater the gap between Vmp and battery voltage, the more the boost in current the battery receives.

-Cold modules increase the gain due to higher Vmp-low battery voltages increase the gain when needed most

High Voltage Wire Runs – smaller wire can be used and greater distances achieved using higher voltage PV input due to less voltage drop.

Shading and cloud irradiance effects – Cloud edge effect can cause the module to exceed its rated wattage for a short time. Shading can cause tricky IV curve shapes. MPPT can follow both these changes to ensure maximum power during these conditions.

Low Battery Protection – when the battery is very low, a high voltage difference between the PV Vmp and the battery voltage causes an even greater power boost. This can prevent an LVD at a time when the power is most needed.

MPPT BenefitsMPPT Benefits


IV Curve Power Graph

Since Vmp and battery voltage levels are in constant change, it is difficult to calculate boost through out a long period of time. To estimate potential benefit of MPPT over a PWM controller you can use the following calculation:

MPPT BoostMPPT Boost

System Assumptions

12V System3 PV Modules in system25C Ambient TemperatureNo BOS voltage dropsPerfect controller efficiencyEstimate of charge amps

Between Imp and Isc

130W PV Module7.39 Imp

17.6 Vmp

21.9 Voc

186W PV Module6.95 Imp

25.9 Vmp

32.6 Voc

MPPT Boost – Off-Grid ModuleMPPT Boost – Off-Grid Module

130W Sized in AmpsTriStar PWM

3 Modules in Parallel (390W)7.8A x 3 modules in parallel

130W Sized in WattsTriStar MPPT

3 Modules in Parallel130W x 3 = 390W

390W PV 13V battery

= 23.4A into the battery(304W)

= 30A into the battery(390W)

28% more potential power when used with MPPT

MPPT Boost – Grid-Tie ModuleMPPT Boost – Grid-Tie Module

186W Sized in AmpsTriStar PWM

3 Modules in Parallel (558W)25.9 Vmp is far greater than 13Vbatt

7.5A x 3 modules in parallel

186W Sized in WattsTriStar MPPT

3 Modules in parallel186W x 3 = 558W25.9 Vmp is converted down Vbatt.

558W PV 13V battery

= 22.5A into the battery(293W)

=43A into the battery(558W)

A PWM controller is really not an option with this type of PV module. You may lose half your available power!

Maximum Power Point Tracking TechniquesMaximum Power Point Tracking Techniques

MPPT Tracking Algorithms on the market:

Full Sweep - scans entire PV array from 0-150V.Pros: Sees everything on the IV curve, not easily fooled.Cons: Slow, sometimes takes an extended time for a full sweep

during which charging is far from the true Vmp.

Dynamic Tracking – stays near Vmp and makes minor rapid adjustments.

Pros: FasterCons: Can get hung up on a local peak and miss the true peak

power point.

TrakStar MPPT ComparisonTrakStar MPPT Comparison

Full I-V Curve Sweep

Dynamic Tracking

TrakStar MPPT ComparisonTrakStar MPPT Comparison

Dynamic tracking alone causes the Dynamic tracking alone causes the controller to:controller to:

-Only see what is happening locally at the presumed power point.

-Not detect what true Voc is.

-Be fooled by shading effects, mixed module types or flat IV curves often seen on thin film modules.

-Take time to re-track during periods of fast changing irradiance and temperature levels. (cool winds on the panel surface or fast moving clouds).

Dynamic Tracking by itself leaves you in the Dynamic Tracking by itself leaves you in the dark as to where the best Vmp point is.dark as to where the best Vmp point is.

By not venturing further up the curve, you may By not venturing further up the curve, you may be missing a big opportunity for more power. be missing a big opportunity for more power.


Morningstar TrakStar TechnologyMorningstar TrakStar Technology

- Full array sweeps from 0-150V in ¼ second! Other controllers can take up to 30 seconds during which light levels could change.

- The TS-MPPT offers the ability to sweep often to make sure to not miss any fast changing max power points.

- Dual chipset provides specialized control -DSP – high speed MPPT, charge control, protections and

data logging-Secondary Processor – Ethernet and communications

TriStar MPPT – minimal power draw TriStar MPPT – minimal power draw designed for remote power systems.designed for remote power systems.

TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading EfficiencyEfficiency

TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading EfficiencyEfficiencyOutback FM60 Efficiency Curve

TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading TriStar MPPT - Industry Leading EfficiencyEfficiency

Price Comparison Price Comparison (US Retail Prices in $)(US Retail Prices in $)

M Star Outback Xantrex

TS MPPT FM-60 % XW %

TriStar MPPT-45 531 749 -29% 685 -22%

TriStar MPPT-60 669 749 -11% 685 -2%

TriStar MPPT-45 with RTS 531 778 -32% 685 -22%

TriStar MPPT-60 with RTS 669 778 -14% 685 -2%

TriStar MPPT-45 with meter 635 749 -15% 685 -7%

TriStar MPPT-60 with meter 773 749 3% 685 13%

TriStar MPPT-45 with RTS and meter 635 778 -18% 685 -7%TriStar MPPT-60 with RTS and meter 773 778 0.5% 685 13%

Note: You can view TS MPPT-60 from a web browser and often times will not need a meter

String Sizing CalculatorString Sizing CalculatorMorningstar’s string calculator allows you size compatible PV strings for all of Morningstar’s charge controllers. (both PWM and MPPT.

You can select from a pre-populated module database or enter your own module ratings.

The calculator also accounts for ambient temperature and battery voltages which affect temperature compensation and MPPT charge levels.

TriStar Charge SettingsTriStar Charge SettingsBattery voltage detection is automatic for 12, 24 and 48V systems or can be fixed if desired.

The PV Array requires nothing to be configured. Simply connect the array and any voltage from Vbatt up to Voc will be detected and charging will begin automatically and at the most efficient level possible.

DIP Switch SettingsDIP Switch SettingsBattery Type is the only major decision that has to be made.

We use simple DIP switch combinations to give you a complete battery charging profile with all the stages, timers and voltages pre-configured for a given battery type. Usually jumping to just one or two presets will become second nature for most system installs.

You really only need look at switches 4,5 and 6 to choose the battery type.

You can also choose to enable auto-equalization or not with switch 7.

DIP Switch SettingsDIP Switch Settings

If desired, more sophisticated settings can be programmed and an open preset is available for the user or installer to create their own custom setting using our free PC software, MS View.

This setting allows editing of very fine details, even allowing you to set maximum charge ceilings, extended absorption or equalization cycles.

TriStar MPPT CommunicationsTriStar MPPT Communications

•Networked Controllers Working Together

•Controllers interacting with other site hardware

•Data logging of site data for later retrieval

•Remote monitoring and control

TriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUBTriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUB

The TriStar MPPT can be paralleled with other TriStars or TriStar MPPT controllers when used with the Morningstar HUB.

This shares the utility and cost of a single meter with multiple units.

It accumulates data on the meter for the sum of the system but still lets you view individual TS unit data (unit 1,2,3 etc.)

Stacking multiple HUBs allows support for up to 15 total meterbus devices including controllers, meters and our relay driver which is used for alarm contact and genstart functionality.

TriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUBTriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUB

TriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUBTriStar and TriStar MPPT with HUB A single TS-M2 will scan the meter bus and detect all connected TriStars and their mode of operation (charge or load)

You get system power totals as well as individual controller detail for specific information and troubleshooting.

HUB and Meter EconomicsHUB and Meter Economics

MSRP

5 x TS MPPT-60 + RTS $33455 x TS-M2 Meter Display $520TS-M2 + HUB $219Savings: $301

TS MPPT Internal Data LoggingTS MPPT Internal Data Logging

Internal daily logged values stored in controller memory show a variety of power information, voltage and current thresholds in the system. It also logs daily events such as faults or maintenance cycles.

Max Battery VoltageMin Battery VoltageMax Array VoltageAmp HoursWatt HoursDaily Events

-Equalize/Float Stages Triggered-Alarms-Faults

Absorption Stage Time (mins)Equalization Stage Time (mins)Float Stage Time (mins)

TS MPPT Remote Data Logging with TS TS MPPT Remote Data Logging with TS Meter 2Meter 2

The TriStars data logging information can be easily viewed in the following ways:

1. Viewed locally using any connected TS-M2 meter display (60 days)

TS MPPT Remote Data Logging with MS TS MPPT Remote Data Logging with MS ViewView

2. Downloaded locally using the serial RS-232/485 connection or remotely using the Ethernet TCP/IP connection (200 day file)

This log file can be viewed in MS View so you can see and graph up to the previous 200 days of daily logged values.


3. A continuous internet connection allows for a logging file to record data over a very long period of time at an interval set by the user. This log file is written to a CSV format and can be used for very detailed logging of key data occurring at intervals of every day or every 5 seconds if desired.

This log file can be viewed in MS View graphically so you can also see comparative graphs to analyze the information or it could analyzed graphically using a spreadsheet program like MS Excel.


4. The TS MPPT web interface allows you to also view up to 200 days of the internal data logging information through a simple HTML table interface. No software is needed and the web page can be viewed with any full web browser application on any computing platform. Just another simple way the TS MPPT allows you to get your system data.

TriStar – NotificationTriStar – Notification

Often a remote data connection is not something that can be continually monitored due to the lack of bandwidth, or the fact that there are two many sites to effective keep track of in real time. The TS MPPT with Ethernet offers two solutions to better manage large quantities of sites.

SNMP – Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP is a network standard that allows networked equipment to send out a proactive alert in the event of a problem with the system. A listening server will detect these alerts and allow for identification to pursue further information about the problem.

Email Alerts – Programmable Proactive Alerts

Using comparative logic, the user can setup conditions that the TS MPPT will watch for and when detected, can send an email with details of the alert and on which unit it happened.

TriStar – Notification SetupTriStar – Notification Setup

TriStar NotificationsTriStar Notifications

Email and SNMP Alerts –Proactive Alerts

Using comparative logic, the user can setup conditions that the TS MPPT will watch for and when detected, can send an email or SNMP trap with details of the alert and on which unit it happened.

TriStar – MODBUS Open ProtocolTriStar – MODBUS Open Protocol

All of Morningstar’s data enabled controllers use an open industrial data protocol known as MODBUS. By choosing this type of protocol, we allow 3rd party software and hardware to easily communicate with our controllers. We do not limit the customer to our proprietary hardware to use our system information.

MODBUS is continuing to be chosen as the standard of choice for remote telemetry, power monitoring and inter-device communication. We believe MODBUS support will allow our products to grow easily with the industry’s rapid pace of energy technology development.

TriStar – Data SummaryTriStar – Data Summary

There are many different options for communicating with the TriStar MPPT. Depending on the level of detail needed, the timeliness of the need for that data and the communications resources available, a variety of choices can be used to best meet the needs of the system and user.

Data Type Detail Time Period Proactive or On Demand

MS View PC Software Best Instant and historical On Demand

Web-HTML Good Instant and historical On Demand

TS-M2 Meter Good Instant and historical On Demand

SNMP Basic Instant Proactive

Email Basic Instant Proactive

TriStar MPPTTriStar MPPTSummarySummary

The TriStar MPPT delivers with Morningstar’s consistent offering of quality, reliability and unique features.

It offers the latest Solar MPPT charge control, industry leading efficiency and temperature performance as well as sophisticated new Ethernet functionality at a compelling price.

It’s scalability and ease of use should make it another Morningstar product you can count on to complement your off-grid product portfolio.