AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Shenango Water Treatment Plant:Shining a Light on Taste and Odor
Margie Gray, PE, Hatch Mott MacDonaldJohn Civardi, PE, Hatch Mott MacDonaldMarc Lucca, PE, Aqua Pennsylvania
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Outline
Background
Overview of Taste and Odor Concepts
Treatment Evaluation
Design
Operation
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Background
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Shenango Water Treatment Plant
16 MGD
Actiflo, dual media filtration, free chlorine, chloramines
T&O Compounds:
Aerial Imagery © 2014 DigitalGlobe; State of Ohio / OSIP; USDA Farm Service Agency; Landsat
Geosmin(ng/L)
MIB(ng/L)
Max 159 15795%ile* 21 115*During T&O events.
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Plant Location
Shenango River Lake
Shenango River Dam*
Shenango WTP 1 mi
Aerial Imagery © 2014 DigitalGlobe; Landsat; State of Ohio / OSIP; USDA Farm Service Agency; Cnes / Spot Image
* Operated by the Army Corps of Engineers
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Existing Plant Schematic
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Overview of Taste and Odor Concepts
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Taste and Odor in Drinking Water
Source: Advances in Taste‐and‐Odor Treatment and Control, AWWARF, 1995.
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Taste and Odor Standards
Threshold Odor Number (TON)
– Number of times a water must be diluted withodor free water before the odor is just barely perceptible
– Secondary Standard: TON < 3
Geosmin & MIB: < 5‐10 ng/L (parts per trillion)
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Taste and Odor Treatment Options
For MIB and Geosmin
– Source water protection/ management
– Activated carbon
– Ozone
– Chlorine dioxide
– Advanced oxidation processes (combinations of UV, ozone, hydrogen peroxide)
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydroxyl radical
Chemical bonds broken by hydroxyl radicals
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Treatment Evaluation
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Treatment Evaluation
Treatment process evaluation performed in conjunction with a second Aqua plant
– Powdered Activated Carbon
– UV Advanced Oxidation Processes
Treatment goal
– 90% (1‐log) Removal of Geosmin and MIB
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
PAC Jar Testing
Evaluated:
– Different types of PAC
– Optimal PAC dose
– Removal efficiency with respect to contact time
– Effect of coagulant on PAC efficiency
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
PAC Jar Testing
Key Findings– Dosing PAC with alum resulted in significantly lower MIB removal than dosing PAC prior to alum (29% vs. 54%)
– Dose: 30 – 60 mg/L
– Minimum Detention Time: 45 minutes (prior to alum)
– Max removal achieved: 64% MIB, 82% Geosmin
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
PAC Evaluation Findings
Plant Impacts– 500,000 gal. contact tank with mixers required prior to Actiflo
– 30 mg/L dose at 16 MGD generates additional 4,000 ppd residual solids
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV Advanced Oxidation Process Evaluation
Considered:– Medium pressure and low pressure high output reactors
– Hydrogen peroxide and ozone
Trojan UVSwift Wedeco K-Series
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV Advanced Oxidation Process Evaluation
AOP evaluation based on UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide system with medium pressure lamps– Medium pressure UV reactors had significantly smaller footprint than LPHO reactors
– If Ozone were being used for DBP control, Ozone‐AOP would have been given additional consideration
Hydrogen Peroxide
Quench with Chlorine
UV Reactor
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV Advanced Oxidation Process Evaluation
Comparison to PAC:– No increase in solids production
– Smaller footprint
– Able to provide desired 1‐log removal
– Similar lifecycle cost, lower carbon footprint
20 Year Total Carbon Footprint Comparing UV-oxidation and PAC
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
PAC TrojanUVSwift™ECT
Taste and Odor TechnologyTo
ns o
f C02
Equ
ival
ents
UV – Hydrogen Peroxide system selected
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Design
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Design Criteria
UV Reactors– Max. System Flowrate: 16 MGD
– Min. UVT: 91%
– Min. Geosmin and MIB Reduction: 1‐log
– No. Reactors: Two, each with 8 MGD capacity
– Future use of reactors for disinfection credit
50% Hydrogen peroxide system– Dose: 2 – 10 mg/L
– Storage: 6,500 gallons
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide Process Integration
Locate UV reactors post filtration
– Increases reactor efficiency
– Most hydraulically feasible
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
North Clearwell
South Clearwell
Clearwell “C”
EastClearwell
(Filters Above)
Filter Pipe Gallery
UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide Process Integration
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
North Clearwell
South Clearwell
Clearwell “C”
EastClearwell
UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide Process IntegrationBuried chamber
adjacent to North Clearwell
Chamber in portion of North Clearwell
Adjacent to chemical storage areas
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV Reactor Layout
Adjacent to chemical storage areas
North Clearwell
Flow
Flow
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
UV Reactor Layout
North Clearwell
Hydrogen Peroxide
NC
Cooling Water Supply UV Reactor
Flow Meter
Chlorine
Cooling Water Return
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Piping Design Verification ‐ CFD Modeling
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
CFD ModelingSymmetrical Diffuser Holes Asymmetrical Diffuser Holes
H2O2 Distribution
Configuration Outlet 1 Outlet 2
Symmetric Holes 52.1% 47.9%
Asymmetric Holes 47.6% 52.4%
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Hydrogen Peroxide System Location
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – UV Reactors
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – UV Reactors
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – UV Reactors
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – UV Reactors
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – Hydrogen Peroxide
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Constructed Facilities – Hydrogen Peroxide
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Operation
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Operation
UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide effectively removes taste and odor at the Shenango Plant
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Summary
UV‐Hydrogen Peroxide System
– Superior Geosmin and MIB removal compared to PAC
– Does not produce residuals
– Lower carbon footprint
– Can be used to provide additional disinfection
– Lifecycle costs can be competitive with PAC
AQUA PENNSYLVANIAAQUA PENNSYLVANIA
Pennsylvania Section AWWA Annual ConferenceMay 7, 2014 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Acknowledgements
Aqua PennsylvaniaMarc Lucca, James Rieben, Craig Lutz, Bill McGinty,
Pete Kusky, Bill Young, Larry Wehr, Jack Walter
Trojan TechnologiesTerry Keep, Neil Brown
Hatch Mott MacDonaldMark Tompeck, Kemal Niksic, Julie Puskar