Transport for All Seminar
From Barrier Free Access to Universal From Barrier Free Access to Universal Design : Design : toward the inclusion of all ages and human diversitytoward the inclusion of all ages and human diversity
Presented by Prof. Bernard V. Lim FHKIA
Department of ArchitectureThe Chinese University of Hong Kong /
Daniel CheungExecutive Principal, CARE
Centre of Architectural Research for Education,Elderly, Environment and Excellence Ltd
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Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Building AuthorityBuilding Authority
• Aims:
to set out design requirements for providing proper access
to and facilities in a building for persons with a disability and
other sectors of the population, who do at times require the
same provisions as persons with a disability
• The Manual caters for disabilities of :
locomotory, visual and hearing impairment
Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Building AuthorityBuilding Authority
• 2 types of requirements: a) Obligatory design requirementsb) Recommended design requirements
• A public authority shall not approve building plans unless the obligatory design requirements are complied with
• Application :New building or any alterations / additions to an existing building
Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Design Manual: Barrier Free Access 1997Building AuthorityBuilding Authority
• Application :
AccessAccess
• Access from lot boundary to public street
• Access to entrance and lift
RampsRamps • Gradient not steeper than 1 in 121.2m long landing for each
10m horizontal run• Tactile warning strips
Tactile Warning Strip for Ramps
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Dropped KerbsDropped Kerbs
Steps & Steps & StaircasesStaircases
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Tactile Warning Strip for Staircases
• At pedestrian crossings1.2m(L) and 1.28m(W)• Gradient not steeper than 1 in 6
16 steps in any flight• Non-slip nosing, contrast colour• Tactile warning strips
HandrailsHandrails
Corridor, Lobbies, Corridor, Lobbies, PathsPaths
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• Extend horizontally 300mm beyond
• Tubular, 32-40mm in diameter
• Space for maneuvering wheelchairs
1.5m x 1.5m area within 3.5m of every dead end
DoorsDoors
Toilet & W.C. CubicleToilet & W.C. Cubicle
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Plan of door suitable for wheelchair users
• clear width 750mm380mm unobstructed area
near door handle
• Enable wheelchair users to use1.5m x 1.75m in area• Emergency call bell
SignsSigns
LiftsLifts
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International Symbol
for Deafness
International Symbol
for the Disabled
• To accessible entrances to and exits from the building
• To car parking, disabled toilets• International signs
• Access to every floor by at least 1 lift • Control buttons 900mm-1.2m
above floor• Verbal annunciation
Tactile graphics for lift control buttons
Universal Design: the way forwardUniversal Design: the way forward
• The Challenges we face:
Significant demographic shift over the next 20 to 30 years with an aging population in Hong Kong
Source from Hong Kong Population Projections 2004-2033, released by the
Census and Statistics Department, 30 June 2004
Universal Design: the way forwardUniversal Design: the way forward
• The Challenges we face:
An high density development in Hong Kong.
Buildings grow in both horizontal and vertical dimensions with larger scale and higher complexity.
Super skyscrapers, mega shopping malls emerge increasingly
Universal Design: the way forwardUniversal Design: the way forward
• The Challenges we face:
How to upgrade existing buildings?
Universal Design: the way forwardUniversal Design: the way forward
• The Challenges we face:
Current codes do not cover domestic part of the building
Whether it should be controlled by statutory means or by recommended practice?
Universal Design: the way forwardUniversal Design: the way forward
• The Need:
To explore a new approach to design which should extend beyond the minimum standards of code compliance for people with disability and also response to a broader diversity of users, especially the elderly
What is Universal Design?What is Universal Design?
• An emerging paradigm of design approach in the international movement to create products and environments for all people
• Definition varies from countries / people
• In general, an approach to design that create products and environments which, to the greatest extent possible, can be used by everyone
• Accentuates equitable use and social inclusion
Universal Design: applicationsUniversal Design: applications
• The applications of universal design are very broad
- Product design
- Architecture
- Urban design
- Transportation
- Information technology
- Environments of which we have interactions
Universal Design: some suggested Universal Design: some suggested guidelinesguidelines
• Design for all users, equitable use
• Simple to use, easy to understand, intuitive
• Tolerant of error, eliminate hazards, fail safe
• Minimize physical effort, use effectively and comfortably
• Appropriate size and space for use regardless of user’s body size
Universal Design: accessibilityUniversal Design: accessibility
In the building – Kitchen
• Cabinets• Kitchen counters• Fixtures• Appliances• Door thresholds
Universal Design: accessibilityUniversal Design: accessibility
In the building – Bathroom
• Showers• Bathtubs• Water closets• Faucets• Door thresholds
Universal Design: accessibilityUniversal Design: accessibility
In the city - Waterfront
• Direct & easy access• Visual corridors• Promenade• Pedestrian zones• Signs & directions• Comfort & safety
Universal Design: accessibilityUniversal Design: accessibility
In the city – New / Old areas
• Direct connection• Easy access• Low physical effort• Visual linkage• Integration• Avoid split by transport
networks• Pedestrian zones with
adequate vehicular access• Signs & directions• Comfort & safety
ConclusionConclusion
• In view of the significant demographic shift over the next 20
to 30 years with an aging population, it is essential to explore
new approach to design to create environment which
achieves equitable use and social inclusion
• The current accessibility code and its forthcoming revision
form the foundation for such exploration toward universal
design - the inclusion of all ages and human diversity