Transboundary Transboundary Air Pollution Plan Air Pollution Plan oof f
Islamic Republic Islamic Republic oof Iranf IranPresented
by
Vahid EsfahanianVehicle, Fuel and Environment Research Institute
OutlineOutline
• Introduction
• Monitoring Plan
• Plan for Emission Inventory
• Plan for air pollution Modeling
• Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran
IntroductionIntroduction• The prediction and management of air quality is
gaining increasing importance around the world. • The present situation in Asia is that air pollution
problems associated with long rang transport of pollutants
• The issue of spatial scale for air pollution management has become more important as scientists and policy makers realize that current management programs operating within human-designated jurisdictions may not be large enough.
Monitoring PlanMonitoring Plan
• Existing station
• New stations
Monitoring PlanMonitoring Plan …. ….• Existing station
Name: Chamsari Area: one Hectar Location: 40 km at the
south of Ilam, near the common border of Iran-Iraq
Geographical location:
E 03 47
Monitoring Plan ….Monitoring Plan ….
• Existing station ….
The recording pollutants are:
CO
NO2
SO2
PM10
Monitoring Plan ….Monitoring Plan ….• Existing station ….
Another air pollutants of interest from the stand point of long range transport are:
Ozone (O3)
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
At the second step if there is enough fund toxic air pollutants should be recorded in Chamsari station.
Heavy metals like mercury and lead Manmade chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) Polycyclic organic matter (POM) Pesticides like dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)
Monitoring Plan ….Monitoring Plan ….• New stations
Vast surface area of Iran (1648198 km2)
Pollutants transported over Iran from Europe and west Asia toward
south Asia
Due to geographical situation of Iran and propinquity to neighboring
countries including Iraq and central Asia states, where the
concentration of pollutants is high
Iran needs some new stations to well monitor the inflow and outflow of air pollutants.
Monitoring Plan ….Monitoring Plan ….• New stations ….
Another important issue in transboundary air pollution is meteorological parameter Wind speed
Wind direction
The north, north-west and west of Iran are the locations where the air pollutants flow toward Iran
The north east of Iran is the location where air pollutant flow out of Iran
In other boundaries including south and south-east boundaries the intensity of flow is not much strong
Monitoring Plan ….Monitoring Plan ….
• New stations ….
The more stations should be established in boundaries where the intensity of inflow and
outflow is high.
Plan for Emission InventoryPlan for Emission Inventory
• Three main categories of air pollution sources are:
Mobile Sources
Point Sources
Area Sources
Plan for Emission Inventory …Plan for Emission Inventory …• Mobile Sources • Point Sources
• Area Sources
Road Traffic
Rail Traffic
River Traffic
Aircraft
Large Industrial Processes
Small Industrial Processes
Large Boiler Plant
Gas Combustion (domestic and commercial)
Oil Fuel Combustion (domestic and commercial)
Coal Combustion (domestic and commercial)
Agriculture and Nature
Other
Plan for Emission Inventory …Plan for Emission Inventory …
• Iran should establish some station all over
Iran and
• Implement some project
To obtain reliable statistics of emission inventory
Plan for air pollution ModelingPlan for air pollution Modeling• An air quality model can predict the concentrations of
pollutants
• Air quality models can determine the origins of pollutants
• Models can be used to predict the future concentration of a
particular pollutant after the implementation of a new pollution
control program
• In general all of models require two types of data: Information about the source being modeled, including the
pollutant emission rate
Information about the dispersing characteristics of the meteorology
surrounding the source, such as wind speed and direction.
Plan for air pollution Modeling …Plan for air pollution Modeling …
DOE of Iran joint with Vehicle, Fuel and Environmental Research Institute (VFERI) of university of Tehran are implementing the air pollution models over Iran.
and
hopefully in future for other regions
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehrannetwork for Tehran
• Existing stations in Tehran
Azadi
Pardisan
HesarVila
Tajrish
Gholhak
Bahman
X (UTM)
Y(U
TM
)
510000 520000 530000 540000 550000
3.94E+06
3.945E+06
3.95E+06
3.955E+06
3.96E+06
3.965E+06
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
• Basic parameters for air quality network design
Population
Air quality standards for network design
Data correlation of existing stations
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
Number of stations for Tehran= 8 millions×6.4~51
Network Approx. No. of stations
Population (millions)
Stations per million POP.
New Zealand 10-15 3.5 3-4
Victoria 25 5 5
New South Wales 50 6 8
Western Australia 20 1.7 12
Queensland 28 3.2 9
Cyprus 12 1.8 7
United States 3535 250 14
Canada 78 27 3
United Kingdom 280 60 5
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
• Air quality standards for network design
Site Scale Typical Area
Dense
10’s of meters to 0.5 km
Commercial areas
Industrial areas
Neighborhood
0.5 to 10’s of kilometers
Residential or suburban areas
Smaller urban centers
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
• Air quality standards for network design
Neighborhood scale
Dense scale
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
• Data correlation of existing stations
Correlation of CO data for Tehran stations using Vila station as a central station
Preliminary design of an air quality Preliminary design of an air quality network for Tehran ….network for Tehran ….
Thank YouThank You