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Trans-Pacific Partnership: Increasing the Gusher of Risky, Imported Fish
Tony Corbo
Senior Lobbyist
Food & Water Watch
Washington, DC
November 7, 2013
Shrimp aquaculture, Vietnam, FAO
Total Fish & Seafood Imports (imports in billions of pounds)
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2.8 2.9
2.8 2.8 2.9
3.0 3.0
3.2
3.5
3.7 3.8
3.9
4.2
4.6 4.7
4.9
5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0
5.2 5.2 5.2
NAFTA,
Israel FTA
WTO China PNTR,
Vietnam FTA
China enters WTO,
Jordan FTA
Peru FTA
Oman FTA Bahrain FTA, Morocco FTA
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras
and Nicaragua ratify CAFTA
Costa Rica
joins CAFTA
Dominican Republic
enacts CAFTA
Colombia FTA;
Panama FTA,
South Korea FTA
Singapore FTA
Australia FTA
imports rose 76 percent 1995-2010 (post-NAFTA/WTO), compared to 46% increase 1980-1995 (data not shown)
Total TPP Fish & Seafood Imports (millions of pounds)
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977 1,015
1,125
1,246 1,227 1,289
1,406
1,524 1,560
1,525 1,539 1,522 1,539 1,550 1,472 1,441
1,581
1,699
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
TPP fish and seafood imports constitute one-third of all U.S. imports
TPP Import Share of U.S. Consumption (2011 data, catfish 2010)
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18.6%
40.1%
49.8% 50.5%
74.5%
Two out of
Five
Salmon
Every other Crab and
Catfish
Three out
of Four
Lobsters
Source: USDA FAS, Commerce Dept., NMFS
One in
Five
Shrimp
TPP Shrimp Imports (millions of pounds)
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57.6 68.7
76.5
105.3 102.5 106.5
125.4 118.3 124.4
161.4
178.6
204.5 199.5
227.3 236.2
257.2
277.5
249.8
233.9
257.0
223.8
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
TPP Catfish Imports (millions of pounds)
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Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.7 2.2 7.1 17.1
9.6 4.3 6.6 19.5
44.7 40.6
55.5
87.3
109.5
188.8
227.7
TPP Catfish Imports and Real Catfish Price (price in 2012 dollars per pound, imports in millions of pounds)
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Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service, National Agricultural Statistical Service
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.7 2.2 7.1
17.1 9.6
4.3 6.6
19.5
44.7 40.6
55.5
87.3
109.5
188.8
227.7
TPP Lobster Imports (all types) (millions of pounds)
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49.1 48.7
54.3 54.9
67.2
79.7 81.0
86.4 83.4
79.7 79.4 81.9
75.1
80.7 79.3
90.7 95.8
104.1
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
TPP Crab Imports (millions of pounds)
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26.3
36.0
50.1
63.1
88.8 90.8
122.5 123.9
131.4
139.7
121.5 123.4 130.5
119.0
130.2
107.3 102.9 103.7
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
TPP crab imports represent about half of all crab imports to the United States.
TPP Salmon Imports (millions of pounds)
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139 167
214 237
224
275
352
417 399 396
433 427 421 407
313
262
308
428
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
Average Annual Growth in
Imported Seafood 1995-2012
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3.7% 4.3%
9.0%
4.8% 5.0%
9.8%
Source: USDA Foreign Agriculture Service
FDA Seafood Border Inspectors (Full-time equivalent)
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Source: F&WW/FDA Workplans
70 70
103 104 101 100
80 83
92 90 *
* 2011 figure represents budgetary request.
Annual Fish Examined Per Inspector (millions of pounds)
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47.4 47.4
52.0 54.1
62.7 59.5
56.5 57.9
Source: USDA FAS; F&WW/FDA Workplans
*
* 2011 figure represents budgetary request.
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FDA Seafood Inspection &
Laboratory Sample Rate (Percentage of shipments)
1.23% 1.25% 1.17% 1.34%
1.20%
0.88% 0.64%
0.68% 0.59%
Source: F&WW/FDA
*
* 2007 figure includes border and laboratory inspections
FDA Fish Refusals for Illegal Antibiotics,
Drugs & Chemicals from TPP Countries
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6
14
32 37
19
52 54
88
20
49
58
Source: F&WW analysis of FDA data
Chemicals Tested for by FDA
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Chemical Year FDA
Started
Testing
Human Health
Hazards
Common
Aquaculture Fish
Chloramphenicol
(AB)
2002 Aplastic anemia,
potential carcinogen,
antibiotic resistance
Shrimp, crab,
crayfish
Nitrofurans (AB) 2004 Potential carcinogen,
antibiotic resistance
Shrimp
Quinolones (AB) 2003/2004 Antibiotic resistance Catfish, salmon,
shrimp, tilapia
Malachite Green
(AF)
2005 Potential carcinogen Catfish, eel, salmon
Gentian Violet (AF) 2006 Potential carcinogen Catfish, eel, salmon
All Vietnamese Catfish, Majority of
Shrimp Farms Use Banned Chemicals
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Source: Rico et al. 2013
100%
68%
79%
63%
Percent of Fish Farms Using Antibiotics, Disinfectants, Parasiticides
Banned substances at Vietnamese
catfish farms included:
Enrofloxacin Penicillins
Doxycycline Rifamycins
Cephalosporins Anonoglycosides
Quinolones Amphenicols
Polymyxin Diaminopyrimidines
PLUS carcinogens
Malachite green and Crystal violet
Other Food Safety Issues
“Harmonization” and “equivalence” privatized meat inspection in U.S. and abroad
USDA certified equivalent privatized inspection beef plants exported tainted meat (Washington Post, 9/20/13)
USDA rejected 11 shipments of Australian beef for visible fecal matter in past 2 years;
Canadian plant exported 2.2 million pounds of e-coli tainted ground beef in 2012
In U.S., 3 of 5 hog processing plants in pilot privatized inspection among “10 worst offenders” for health and safety violations (Washington Post, 9-8-13)