Tissue
Groups of cells similar in structure and function
FFF
Nervous tissue: Internal communication • Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Muscle tissue: Contracts to cause movement • Muscles attached to
• Muscles of heart ( ) • Muscles of walls of hollow organs (smooth)
Epithelial tissue: Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters • Skin surface ( ) • Lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs
Connective tissue:
• Bones • Tendons • Fat and other soft padding tissue
*Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium)
Two main types (by location): 1.
On external and internal surfaces 2.
Secretory tissue in glands
Characteristics
Cells have polarity—upper and lower surfaces Are composed of closely packed cells Continuous sheets held together by tight
junctions and Supported by a connective tissue reticular
lamina (under the basal lamina) Avascular but High rate of regeneration
Classification
Ask two questions: 1. ?
1 = simple epithelium / pseudostratified >1 = stratified epithelium
2. ? Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
(If stratified, name according to upper layer of cells)
Simple
Stratified
Apical surface
Apical surface
Basal surface
Basal surface
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple Squamous Substances easily pass through Lines blood vessels and lymphatic vessels Lines (alveoli) Function:
Simple Cuboidal Single layer of Lines kidney tubules Covers ovaries Lines ducts of some glands Function:
Simple Columnar Single layer of May have cilia May contain microvilli Often have Lines the
Function:
Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer of cells that
Usually contain cillia and goblet cells Lines the
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Many cell layers Top cells
shaped Can accumulate Makes up the outer skin layer (Epidermis) Lines oral cavity (think gums), vagina, and
anal canal Function:
Transitional Epithelium Many cell layers Changes thickness Lines the urinary bladder, ureters and part of
urethra
*Connective tissues 3 Types:
Fibroblasts: Large, star shaped Fixed cells
Macrophages Wandering cell
Mast cells Fixed Release heparin – Release histamine – promotes reactions of
Major Fiber Types Fiber
Thick with great strength Composed of Abundant in dense connective Found in tendons and ligaments
Fiber Types Fiber
Composed of Fibers are branched and flexible Found in
Fiber Types fibers
Very thin collagenous fibers Highly branched Forms supportive network
Loose Fibrous Connective Contains many Fluid to gel like matrix Collagenous and elastic fibers Binds skin to Found beneath most epithelia Found
Adipose Connective Has specialized cells called
Cushions, insulates, and stores fat Found under the skin Found
Connective Compose of Provides Forms the framework for liver, spleen, and
other lymphatic organs
Dense fibrous connective Packed with Has only a few Poor blood supply Binds body parts together Forms tendons and ligaments Found in
Elastic Connective Abundant with elastic fibers Few Contains fibroblasts Found as attachment between
Found in the walls of large arteries, airways and the heart
Bone Connective Solid matrix Cells called osteocytes Cells found in (chambers) Supports and protects Provides attachment for Produces blood cells
Blood Connective Fluid matrix called Red blood cells, white blood cells and
Function: Defends against infection Aids in Contained within blood vessels
*Cartilage Rigid Matrix (cells) in lacunae
(chambers) Poor blood supply
3 Types:
Hyaline Cartilage Connective Most type Found on the Forms part of the rib cage Located on the tip of the nose & in resp.
passages Forms the
Elastic Cartilage Connective Forms external ear Found within the
Fibrocartilage Connective Very tough Acts as a Forms Pads within the knee and pelvic girdle
*Muscle Tissue Skeletal
Attached to bones
Smooth muscle Not Found in the walls of internal organs & blood
vessels Located in the
Cardiac muscle Contains intercalated discs Found in the walls of the heart
* Nerve Tissue
• Cells are called
• Function in
*Membranes Serous
Lines body cavities that Contains serous fluid Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Inner lining of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
membranes Mucous
Lines tubes and organs Secretes Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Lines oral and nasal passageways, digestive tract,
respiratory tract, urinary & Reproductive tract
membranes Cutaneous
Covers Composed of epithelial and connective tissue Skin!
membranes Synovial
May contain Secretes Composed of connective tissue Inner lining of joints