The government could not be changed from within The powers of
the Chateau Clique and the Family Compact were impossible to
weaken
Slide 3
Reformers in Upper and Lower Canada stayed in close contact
Change in one colony would help bring change in the others
Slide 4
Mackenzie and Papineau prepared for armed attacks British did
not have enough troops to fight back everywhere
Slide 5
Strong nationalist feelings Support from almost all French-
Canadians The Church opposed the Rebellion Many French Canadians
were reluctant to go against the churches The Fils de la Liberte
(Sons of Liberty) led the revolt in Lower Canada
Slide 6
Many small, short battles, but the British beat the Patriotes
(French-Canadian forces) Many patriotes died Papineau escaped to
the US PROBLEM: 1.Lack of organization 2.Lack of support from the
Catholic Church
Slide 7
Wanted an American-style democracy Divided supporters For many
British Canadians, the US was the enemy BUT, people wanted a better
government The new governor, FRANCIS BOND HEAD sided with the
Family Compact and was very strict
Slide 8
Mackenzie thought soldiers were in Lower Canada fighting
Toronto would be undefended easy to overtake Could take over arms
and ammunition and take Bond Head prisoner
Slide 9
WHY?: 1. Not enough men 2. Little military experience 3. Poor
planning Mackenzie escaped to the US disguised as a woman
Slide 10
Read pp. 42-45
Slide 11
The rebels who survived and were caught would have been
punished severely
Slide 12
Under British law, over a hundred crimes were punished by death
After the Rebellions, the major leaders were publicly hanged
Slide 13
Others were transported to Bermuda or Australia for seven years
Many people died Similar to conditions on the coffin ships
Slide 14
Slide 15
IIf they arrived, the prisoners were used as slave labour
Worked on plantations and on government projects GGiven little food
TTreated very badly
Slide 16
After the Rebellions, Britain realized they needed to change
the government in the colonies Send some people to investigate Led
by Lord Durham
Slide 17
MMore independent from the Clique and the Compact MMore
progressive (willing to change) Treated the rebels as lightly as
possible VVery prejudiced against the French HHad little support.
Why? The people who had fought the rebels and whose property was
damaged were angry. The French Durham resigns
Slide 18
1. Recommended that the Canadas join together and that
responsible government was introduced 2. Later, all British North
American colonies should join together (New Brunswick, PEI, Nova
Scotia, etc.) WHO WOULD NOT BE HAPPY? TTHE FRENCH!
Slide 19
Durham convinced the British that democracy was needed to
ensure peace in Canada Responsible government: not full democracy
or independence: Elected assembly in charge of internal affairs
(taxation, etc.) British still in control of foreign affairs and
military
Slide 20
In 1840, the new governor passed the Act of Union to join the
two Canadas In 1841, they became United Canada; capital was
Montreal. FRENCH VERY ANGRY!!!! STILL!