Pests Emerald Ash Borer Arrived in North America through
improperly treated wooden packaging material from Asia. Long
distance spread has been helped by people, especially through the
movement of nursery stock or infested firewood. Emerald ash borer
is now found throughout much of Essex County and part of Chatham-
Kent in Ontario.
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Pests Asian Longhorn Beetle A native of China, it was likely
introduced into North America by way of wooden pallets, crates, or
packaging materials used in shipping. Kills a wide range of
hardwood trees, including maple. Found in an industrial park
bordering Toronto and the City of Vaughan in 2003.
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Pests - Mountain Pine Beetle The current outbreak has destroyed
wide areas of lodgepole pine forest, including more than 16 million
hectares in British Columbia. Normally, these insects play an
important role in the life of a forest, attacking old or weakened
trees, and speeding development of a younger forest. Unusually hot,
dry summers and mild winters, along with forests filled with mature
lodgepole pine, have led to an unprecedented epidemic.
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Pests - Sirex Woodwasp A native to Europe, Asia, and Northern
Africa, it has been accidentally introduced into many parts of the
world, most recently to North America. Also known as horntails,
they attack and kill living pine trees. In parts of its introduced
range it has caused significant tree mortality.
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Pests - Spruce Budworm There are nearly forty Choristoneura
species. Eastern Spruce Budworm is one of the most destructive
native insects in the northern spruce and fir forests of the
Eastern United States and Canada. Western Spruce Budworm is the
most destructive defoliator of coniferous forests in Western North
America. It is now widely distributed throughout the Rocky and
Coast Mountains.
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Pests How about this one?
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Have you seen any of these Diseases?
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Diseases Dutch Elm Dutch elm disease is caused by a fungi
affecting elm trees, and is spread by the elm bark beetle. In an
attempt to block the fungus from spreading farther, the tree reacts
by plugging its own xylem tissue with gum and tyloses, bladder-like
extensions of the xylem cell wall. As the xylem delivers water and
nutrients to the rest of the plant, these plugs prevent them from
travelling up the trunk of the tree, eventually killing it.
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Diseases White Pine Blister Rust White pine blister rust
alternates between five-needle pines and Ribes spp.
(currants/gooseberries). In many regions of Canada, the volume of
white pine has been depleted to the point where it is no longer
considered a viable commercial species.
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Diseases - Bacterial Canker of Cherry Bacterial pathogens
survive the winter in bark around small cankers, in infested buds,
and the vascular system of infected trees. In the spring the
bacteria multiply and are dispersed by rain to blossoms and young
expanding leaves.
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Diseases Beech Bark Scale Beech bark disease results in severe
die- back in mature Beech trees, potentially creating a significant
threat to wildlife, biodiversity, and sustainable forestry in
Ontario. Disease begins with many scales feeding on beech tree sap
while they form a covering of white wooly wax over their body.
Opened wounds in the bark allow the nectria fungus to colonize the
bark, cambial layer, and sapwood of the tree. The disease then
produces cankers sometimes resulting in isolated tarry spots oozing
from the bark and /or raised blisters and calluses on the outer
bark covering much of the trunk.
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Fire In Ontario, the 10 year average is 1,142 forest fires
which burn 137,208 hectares of forest.