Are all areas important all the time?Development, development, development!
Oral language
Phonemic awareness Phonics
Fluency
Vocabulary Comprehension
VERY important for young
children; building block of literacy; Important at all ages
VERY important for beginning readers (whether young or old)
Important transition from beginning reading to more mature reading
VERY important ALWAYS!!
Stages of Reading Development(Chall, 1983)
Stage
Label Grade What Children are Learning
Activities to Support
0 Prereading (emergent literacy)
PK-K Functions of written language, alphabet, phonemic awareness
Story reading, “pseudo reading,” alphabet activities, rhyming, nursery rhymes, invented spelling
1 Initial Reading/Alphabetic Decoding
K-2 Letter sound correspondences/decoding/word recognition
Teacher-directed reading instruction, phonics instruction
2 Confirmation and fluency
2-3 Automatic word recognition, prosody, expression
Wide and varied reading, modeling fluent reading
3 Reading to Learn
4-8 How to learn from text, vocabulary knowledge, strategies
Reading content area materials, research, strategy instruction
4 Multiple Points of View
HS Reconciling different views
Critical reading, discourse synthesis, report writing
5 Construction and reconstruction
College/beyond
Developing a well-rounded view of the world
Learning what not to read as well as what to read
Why Aren’t the Reading Components Equal?
COMPREHENSIONP
HONEMIC
AWARE
PHONICS
VOCABULARY
FLUENCY
PHONEMIC
AWARE
PHONICS
VOCABULARY
FLUENCY
COMPREHENSION
What if we added the “other” important areas?
COMPREHENSIONP
HONEMIC
AWARE
PHONICS
VOCABULARY
FLUENCY
WRITING
MOTIVATION
Cornett’s Graphic of Factors that Affect Comprehension
Task
TextLearner
Teacher/Teaching
Comprehension
Context