The weird, Wacky, wonderful The weird, Wacky, wonderful
world of…world of… Kingdom Protista!Kingdom Protista!
Animal-like Animal-like ProtistsProtistsPlant-likePlant-like Protists Protists
Fungus-likeFungus-like Protists Protists
What is a protist??What is a protist??
A eukaryote that is NOT a member of…A eukaryote that is NOT a member of…
Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia
Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae
Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi
……because it does not meet the because it does not meet the requirements for these Kingdoms.requirements for these Kingdoms.
Protist DiversityProtist Diversity
Approximately 200,000 species Approximately 200,000 species They come in different shapes, They come in different shapes,
sizes, and colors!sizes, and colors!All are All are eukaryoteseukaryotes – they have a – they have a
nucleus and membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organellesorganelles
Protozoans:Protozoans:
Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists
ProtozoansProtozoansWhat does What does ““zoazoa”” mean? mean?UnicellularUnicellular – made up of one cell. – made up of one cell.
(How is this different from animals?)(How is this different from animals?)HeterotrophsHeterotrophs – they eat other – they eat other
organisms or dead organic matterorganisms or dead organic matterClassified by how they moveClassified by how they move
Phyla of ProtozoansPhyla of Protozoans
Sarcodines (Amoebas)Sarcodines (Amoebas)
ZooflagellatesZooflagellates
CiliatesCiliates
SporozoansSporozoans
Sarcodines (Amoebas)Sarcodines (Amoebas)
No cell wallNo cell wallMove using Move using pseudopodspseudopods – plasma – plasma
extensions (what does the word extensions (what does the word mean??)mean??)
Engulf bits of food by flowing Engulf bits of food by flowing around and over themaround and over them
ZooflagellatesZooflagellates
Use a whip-like extension called Use a whip-like extension called a a flagellaflagella to move around quickly to move around quickly
Some cause diseasesSome cause diseases
Trichomonas foetusTrichomonas foetus : cow disease : cow disease
Trichomonas vaginalis: an STDTrichomonas vaginalis: an STD
African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma)
CiliatesCiliatesMove through water by beating tiny Move through water by beating tiny
hairs called hairs called cilia. cilia. Ciliates (like a paramecium) are Ciliates (like a paramecium) are
found in fresh and salt water.found in fresh and salt water.Not parasitic!Not parasitic!Contractile vacuoleContractile vacuole pumps water out pumps water out
of cellof cell
Paramecium caudatum
Sporazoans: the parasiteSSporazoans: the parasiteS
Non-motileNon-motile - Do not move on their own. - Do not move on their own.
Live inside a Live inside a hosthost
One type called One type called PlasmodiumPlasmodium causes the causes the disease disease malariamalaria. .
The mosquito is the host for the sporozoan. When the The mosquito is the host for the sporozoan. When the mosquito bites a person, they can get malaria.mosquito bites a person, they can get malaria.
Malaria in red Malaria in red blood cellsblood cells
AlgaeAlgae
Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists
What are Algae?What are Algae?
Can beCan be Unicellular Unicellular or or MulticellularMulticellularPhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic – make their own food – make their own foodNo roots, stems, or leavesNo roots, stems, or leavesEach has Each has chlorophyllchlorophyll and other and other
photosynthetic pigmentsphotosynthetic pigments
PhylaPhylaof Algaeof Algae
EuglenaphytesEuglenaphytesDiatomsDiatoms
DinoflagellatesDinoflagellatesRed, Brown, & Green AlgaeRed, Brown, & Green Algae
EuglenaphytaEuglenaphytaUnicellularUnicellularAquaticAquaticMove around like animals with Move around like animals with two two
flagellaflagellaNo cell wall (unlike plants!)No cell wall (unlike plants!)Can ingest food from surroundings Can ingest food from surroundings
when light is not available (So, they when light is not available (So, they are are autotrophsautotrophs OR OR heterotrophsheterotrophs!)!)
DiatomsDiatomsUnicellular & photosyntheticUnicellular & photosyntheticAbundant and beautiful – like little Abundant and beautiful – like little
jewels!jewels!Cell walls have patterns and linesCell walls have patterns and linesTheir cell walls are made of silicon Their cell walls are made of silicon
(Si)(Si)Photosynthetic pigment called Photosynthetic pigment called
carotenoidscarotenoids – give them a golden – give them a golden colorcolor
Dinoflagellates: Dinoflagellates: The Spinning OnesThe Spinning Ones
Unicellular protistsUnicellular protistsSpin around using Spin around using two flagellatwo flagellaSome are Some are photosyntheticphotosynthetic and some are and some are
heterotrophicheterotrophicSome are Some are bioluminescenbioluminescent!t!Some kinds are responsible for Some kinds are responsible for red tidesred tides
– toxic – toxic ““bloomsblooms”” of dinoflagellates that of dinoflagellates that can be dangerous.can be dangerous.
Red tides caused by toxic dinoflagellates. This red tide killed some fish.
Some dinoflagellates create their own light. This is called bioluminescence.
These pictures were taken in Puerto Rico in a place called “Bioluminescent Bay”.
Red AlgaeRed Algae
Reddish seaweedsReddish seaweedsLive in oceanLive in oceanMulticellularMulticellularHave red and blue Have red and blue
pigments, so they pigments, so they are are autotrophsautotrophs
Brown AlgaeBrown Algae
Multicellular brown seaweedMulticellular brown seaweedThey have They have air bladdersair bladders to help them to help them
float at the surface (where the light is float at the surface (where the light is located!).located!).
Examples: Giant Kelp (where sea Examples: Giant Kelp (where sea otters hide), otters hide), SargassumSargassum
Green AlgaeGreen Algae
Lives in Lives in fresh and saltwaterfresh and saltwaterUnicellular and multicellularUnicellular and multicellularLive alone or in groups called Live alone or in groups called
coloniescoloniesVery similar to plants - perhaps the Very similar to plants - perhaps the
ancestors of plants!ancestors of plants!
Multicellular Unicellular
& Colonial
Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
Characteristics in Characteristics in CommonCommon
All form delicate, net-like All form delicate, net-like structures on the surface of their structures on the surface of their food sourcefood source
Obtain energy by decomposing Obtain energy by decomposing organic material (heterotrophs)organic material (heterotrophs)
PhylaPhylaofof
Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists
Plasmodium Slime MoldsPlasmodium Slime Molds
Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime Molds
Water Molds & Downy MildewsWater Molds & Downy Mildews
Slime MoldsSlime MoldsLive in cool moist, shady places Live in cool moist, shady places
where they grow on damp, where they grow on damp, organic matterorganic matter
Very gross, colorful, and super Very gross, colorful, and super coolcool
PlasmodiAL Slime MoldsPlasmodiAL Slime Molds
Form Form plasmodiumplasmodium: a mass of : a mass of cytoplasm that contains many cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – membranes – its feeding stageits feeding stage
Creeps by amoeboid movement – Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hour2.5 cm/hour
PlasmodiAL Slime Molds PlasmodiAL Slime Molds continued…continued…
May reach more than a meter (!!!) in May reach more than a meter (!!!) in diameterdiameter
Form reproductive structures when Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry upsurroundings dry up
SporesSpores are dispersed by the wind and are dispersed by the wind and grow into new plasmodiumgrow into new plasmodium
6-Vomit Slime Mold (why would someone name it this?!)
Dog Vomit Slime Mold
Often, slime molds grow on mulch because it is so high in organic nutrients.
Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime Molds
In feeding mode, they exist as In feeding mode, they exist as individual amoebic cellsindividual amoebic cells
When food becomes scarce, they When food becomes scarce, they come together with thousands of come together with thousands of their own kind to reproducetheir own kind to reproduce
May look like a plasmodiumMay look like a plasmodium
Beautiful and colorful slime molds!!
Water Molds & Downy Water Molds & Downy MildewsMildews
Live in water or moist placesLive in water or moist placesFeed on dead organisms or live as Feed on dead organisms or live as
plant parasitesplant parasitesFuzzy white growthsFuzzy white growths
Water mold growing on a dead mayfly larvae
THE ENDTHE END