Dr Akinwale Aboyade
Energy Specialist: University of Johannesburg
Prof Oluwaseyi Ajayi
Associate Professor: Covenant University
Azuka Ogundeji
Managing Director: Dynovate Nigeria Limited
Ayodeji O’Deji
CEO: Protergia Nigeria Limited
Mollagee Mansoor
Director: Process,University of Johannesburg
Assessing Nigeria’s Preparedness for
Large-Scale Deployment of
Embedded Renewable Energy
Generation
Context
Outline• Background
• What is embedded generation (EG)?
• Why EG?
• Technology options for EG
• Global EG Status
• Components of a successful EG regime
• RE based EG in Nigeria
• Conclusions
Background: Power Grid
Source: en.wikipedia.org
Transmission grid
Distribution grid
Utility scale generators
Consumer(Industry)
Consumers(Homes)
Source: en.wikipedia.org
Background: Power Grid
What is EG?• Definition: Power
generation embedded within a distribution network
• EG also called:
Distributed generation
Decentralised generation
• EG is not a new phenomenon. It preceded centralised systems
Transmission grid
Distribution grid
Utility scale generators
Consumer(Industry)
Consumers(Homes)
Why EG?• Reduced need for large-scale generators
• EGs not necessarily more expensive (scale economy, less permits required)
• EGs are quicker to deploy• Reduced need for transmission
infrastructure/losses• Increased system reliability/resilience• Supply and demand matching• Reduced need for peaking plants• Creates more jobs (SME development)
Options for EG• Conventional technologies
• Primary fossils (Gas/Oil/Coal)
• Diesel
• Hydro
• New Alternatives
• Solar
• Wind
• Biomass
• CHP
• Tri-generationSource: cleanenergytransmission.org
More about RE…• RE is better suited to EG for
some key reasons:
• scalability
• location flexibility
• environmentally sustainable
• RE technologies are now established and reliable
• RE is increasingly price competitive
Source: www.fermeng.ie
More about RE..
Issues in RE-EG
• Intermittence
• PV and wind cannot be used as base load (but bioenergy and hydro can)
• Upfront cost
• Especially with storage
EG Status: Global
2000 2012 20200
55
110
165
220
EG Capacity (GW)
2000 2012 20200
50
100
150
200
250
Investment (Bil-lion USD)
2000 2012 20200
12.5
25
37.5
50
Share of Capac-ity (%)
Components of successful EG regime
EG success
InfrastructureTechsupport
Market/pricingStandards/
codes
Incentives
Net metering
Smart grids
Case for RE-EG in Nigeria
• Reduced need/urgency for large-scale generators
• Reduced need for transmission infrastructure/losses
• Increasing cost of alternatives
• Encourage adoption of smart grids
• Increased local economic development (SME involvement)
EG Status: Nigeria• EG not a success by any
means
• It is however now receiving attention under the new power sector reforms
• Aggreko
• Few examples of RE developers
• Protergia
EG regulations in Nigeria
• Regulations for Embedded Generation 2012
• Regulations for Captive generations 2012
• New regulations for procurement of generation capacity 2014 (exemptions for <10MW)
• Distribution Code v01
RE Development in Nigeria
Targets (MW)
Now Short Term2013-2015
Medium Term 2016-2020
Long Term 2021-2030
Hydro (large) 1938 4000 9000 11,250
Hydro (small)
6015 100 760 3,500
Solar PV 15 300 4000 30, 005
Solar Thermal 300 2,136 18,127
Biomass 5 30 100
Wind 10 23 40 50
All 2010 4,625 88,698 315,158
RE Potential
• Solar potential: good to great
• Wind: Poor to very good
• Biomass
• Energy crops: great
• Waste: great
• Hydro: great
Main challenges
• Lack of policy support/certainty
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of accurate data on resource potential
A vision for the future
• Smart grids
• Integrated energy systems
It is possible!
Way forward• Stakeholder consultation
• Resource assessment
• Grid capacity assessment
• Market interventions to reduce transactional costs
• Standards and regulations
• Coherent Industry lobby
• Raising awareness
• Skills transfer
Thank you!
Questions?