THE ROAD TO WAR
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
Monday April 6th 2015
■Welcome Back■Vocab Quiz Next Tuesday April 14th ■World War Two Test Monday April
20th ■I am on the war path with language
in my class. Every infraction will cost you a detention and a sentence 200 times
Write these down 1) Nonaggression pact2) Blitzkrieg 3) Battle of Britain4) Atlantic Charter 5) Pearl Harbor6) Battle of Midway7) Battle of Guadalcanal8) Aryan9) Holocaust10) Kristallnacht11) Ghetto12) “final solution”13) Genocide 14) Battle of Stalingrad15) D-Day
16. Battle of the Bulge17. Kamikaze18. Nuremberg Trials19. Demilitarization20. Democratization21. Charles de Gaulle 22. Winston Churchill23. Erwin Rommel 24. Isoroku Yamamoto25. Douglas MacArthur 26. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Essential Question:What caused World War II?
In the 1930s, events throughout the world led to conditions that started World War II
High unemployment, desperation, and feelings of betrayal led to the rise of
totalitarian dictators
Fascist dictators
Mussolini and Hitler
threatened to conquer new territories for
Italy and Germany
Extreme nationalism
and a need for raw materials led to a desire to expand in Japan under Hideki Tojo
Britain and France were the leaders of the League of Nations, but both wanted to avoid
another bloodbath like World War I
By the 1930s, the world was moving towards another war but few nations
were in a position to prevent war
The USA was focused on the Great Depression and wanted to avoid foreign affairs
Japan, Italy, and Germany aggressively expanded in Africa, Asia, and Europe
In 1936, Germany, Italy, and
Japan formed an
alliance called the
Axis
In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria in order to seize its iron and coal mines
In 1937, Japan conquered northern China, then murdered about 300,000 unarmed soldiers and
civilians during the “Rape of Nanking”
HOW DOES THE WORLD RESPOND TO THIS BLATANT AGGRESSION BY THE JAPANESE?
ᆒThe League of Nations officially condemned the Japanese invasion, but took no military action
ᆒJapan’s response? They withdrew from the League of Nations and continued to take over Manchuria
ᆒBy 1934, Japan was issuing threats, warning other nations to not try to assist China in its conflict with Japan
This cartoon shows what Japan now thinks of the various peace
treaties it had signed in the past
THE RAPE OF NANKINGThe Japanese took over the Chinese capital
city of Nanking, driving out Chinese forcesNearly 500,000 Chinese civilians were
trapped in NankingStarting in December 1937 and
ending in January 1938, the Japanese Army embarked on a six-week reign of terror: torturing, raping, mutilating, and murdering as many as 300,000 Chinese civilians (including children and babies)
JAPANESE ATROCITIESJAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIESJAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIESJAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE ATROCITIESJAPANESE ATROCITIES
JAPANESE MILITARY CULTUREJAPANESE MILITARY CULTURE
Japanese Japanese soldiers soldiers
followed the followed the Samurai’s Samurai’s
warrior code called called
“Bushido”;“Bushido”; it it demanded demanded
unquestioning unquestioning loyalty to the loyalty to the
divine emperordivine emperor
Death in battle was seen as a Death in battle was seen as a dutyduty and was welcomed and was welcomed
Part of Japanese Army training was often the killing of helpless prisoners to drive away any feelings of humanity
As a Japanese soldier put it: “Our training turned human beings into murdering demons.”
Surrender was unthinkable for the Japanese Surrender was unthinkable for the Japanese soldier: they felt that citizens or soldiers who soldier: they felt that citizens or soldiers who
surrendered were surrendered were less than human and deserved and deserved nothing but humiliation, torture, and nothing but humiliation, torture, and death
Tuesday April 7th 2015
■Vocab Quiz in 7 days■Test in 13 days
THE SPANISH CIVIL WARA fascist leader in Spain,
Francisco Franco, started a rebellion against Spain’s
governmentHitler and Mussolini sent
weapons, planes, and troops to assist Franco
Hitler and Mussolini saw this as an opportunity
test their newest weapons (and help a
fellow fascist, too)
For this reason, the Spanish Civil War is called a “dress rehearsal” for World War II
BOMBING OF GUERNICA
“Condor Legion” was the code name for the Luftwaffe in Spain. Some of Germany’s leading pilots in World War II sharpened their skills in the Spanish Civil War, especially in the art of
divebombing (as you can see from the ruins of Guernica)
GUERNICA
In 1935, Mussolini began his
campaign to create a new
Roman Empire for Italy by invading
Ethiopia
The Italian army easily defeated the Ethiopians
The spears, swords, and antique guns
of the Ethiopians
were no match for
Italian airplanes,
tanks, guns, and poison
gasEthiopian soldiers defending their country from the Italian military
How did the League of Nations respond?
The League of Nations condemned Japanese and Italian aggression but did nothing to stop the
attacks in an effort to maintain peace in the world
In 1935, Hitler defied the
terms of the Treaty of
Versailles and expanded the
size of the German military
The failure of the League of Nations to stop Italy or Japan encouraged Hitler to expand Germany as well
In 1936, Hitler moved his army to the Rhineland (which was
supposed to be demilitarized)
Both times, the League of
Nations refused to take action
against Hitler in order to avoid war
At this At this point, the point, the German German
military was military was not yet not yet strong
enough to to defeat defeat
France, if it France, if it came to warcame to war
Hitler’s move to reoccupy Hitler’s move to reoccupy the DMZ of the Rhineland the DMZ of the Rhineland was a was a blatant violation blatant violation of of
the Treaty of Versaillesthe Treaty of Versailles
WORLD WAR I SOLDIERS
The horrors and The horrors and endless endless slaughter
of of World War I were still fresh on were still fresh on the minds of the the minds of the
French; they were French; they were not willing to fight to fight over the Rhinelandover the Rhineland
Hitler took a Hitler took a risk,risk, but he was correct but he was correct
in guessing how in guessing how badly the French badly the French (and their allies) (and their allies)
did did not want not want warwar
HITLER’S AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION CONTINUES
In 1938, Hitler
annexed Austria
Next, Hitler demanded that the western border of Czechoslovakia, an area known as the Sudetenland, be given to Germany
The Sudetenland
contained many ethnic Germans; Hitler wanted all
Germans (and the land they
lived on) to be ruled by Germany
The Czechs asked Britain
and France for help
HITLER’S AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION CONTINUES
In 1938, leaders from England and France met with Hitler and Mussolini at the Munich Conference in
order work out an agreement to avoid war
Britain’s Neville Chamberlain, France’s Edouard Daladier, Germany’s Adolf Hitler, and Italy’s Benito Mussolini
Where is the Czech representative?
Germany was allowed to keep the Sudetenland when Hitler promised to
stop expanding This so-called
“peace for our time” came at the
expense of Czechoslovakia, but
the democratic nations wanted to
deter Hitler’s aggression without
provoking it
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENTAs one historian put it: As one historian put it:
“Munich was “Munich was surrender on an surrender on an
installment plan. It installment plan. It was like giving a was like giving a
cannibal a finger in cannibal a finger in hopes of saving an hopes of saving an
arm.”arm.”Within weeks, Hitler Within weeks, Hitler told his generals to told his generals to prepare prepare plans for for
taking over the rest of taking over the rest of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain after the Munich Conference, declaring that he gained
“peace for our time.”
A GRIEVING CZECH WOMAN GREETS NAZI TROOPS MARCHING INTO
PRAGUE
Britain and France used appeasement
with Hitler: they gave in to his demands in order to avoid war
Six months after the Munich Conference,
Hitler broke his promise and annexed ALL of Czechoslovakia
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT
The League of Nations, led by
Britain and France, still did nothing. However, they promised that
ONE MORE aggressive move by Hitler would
lead to war
Hitler did not believe them
THE FAILURE OF APPEASEMENT
In 1939, Hitler demanded that
western Poland be returned to
Germany, but he did not want to provoke a war with the Soviet Union before he was ready to do so (one of Hitler’s long-term goals was taking over
the USSR)
Stalin and Hitler agreed to the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, promising never to attack
each other
Secretly, Germany and the USSR agreed to divide Poland
On September 1st, 1939, Hitler ordered the German military to attack Poland
HITLER’S PLAN FOR POLANDIn a speech to his military leaders, Hitler
leaves no doubt as to his intention with Poland: “Kill without pity or mercy all men, women, and children of the Polish race or language.”
He also said in a public speech: “I shall strike like lightning with the full force of a mechanized army, of which the Poles have no conception.”
On September 3rd, 1939, Britain and
France declared war on Germany
World War II had begun
WORLD WAR II BEGINS
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II?
Many factors played a part in the outbreak ofMany factors played a part in the outbreak of
World War II, but it can be broken down to World War II, but it can be broken down to
FOUR MAIN CAUSES:FOUR MAIN CAUSES:
1. The conditions of the Treaty of Versailles2. The aggression of totalitarian dictators3. The failure of the League of Nations4. The failure of appeasement
Thursday April 9th 2015
■Vocab Quiz Next Tuesday ■Test is Monday April 20th 11 days. ■New Seating Chart :-D
■Topic for today: The Start of WWII.
Phony War
■French & British mobilize their armies after declaring war on Germany, but both armies sit and wait for the other to attack
■Result = no actual fighting occurs
■Sitzkrieg or “Sitting War”
Germany Advances
■ April 9, 1940, the calm ended (of the “phony war”). Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway
France Falls…■A month later (May 1940) Hitler took Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium
■By June, Germany had taken Paris, and Great Britain was the last nation standing between Germany’s revengeful, European domination
Early Turning Point■ With the fall of France,
Great Britain stood alone against the Nazis.
■ Germans bombed both military and civilian targets, especially London
■ Two advanced helped turn the tide for London: Radar and Enigma
The Lightning Stopped…
■ Battle of Britain: Britain was attacked for 8 months; Hitler called off the attack in May of 1941 to focus his resources elsewhere: A huge emotional and psychological victory for the British
Hitler Turns to the Soviets…
■ Through threats and power, Balkan nations Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary joined the Axis Powers: Hitler’s goal? Take Soviets!
■ Back Breaking, two-sided mistake!
■ 1. Scorched-earth and the cold Russia winter devastated German troops
■ 2. The attack divided German forces for nearly two years…
The United States Helps…kind of…
■ The United States continued its refusal to join the war
■ Roosevelt found another way to help: Atlantic Charter
■ Also, Roosevelt kept food and ammunition supplies well stocked for the British