THE RENAISSANCE
“THE PIETA” MICHELANGELO
THE“REBIRTH”
OFCLASSICAL
THEMESAND
IDEAS
1300-1650 A.D.
HUMANISMTHE MOVEMENT TO “REBIRTH”
EMPHASIS AND APPRECIATION OF INDIVIDUAL WORTH AND THE DIGNITY OF MANA MOVE TOWARDS SECULAR LIFE, NOT RELIGIOUSA RETURN TO THE CLASSICS: IDEAS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE GREEKS AND ROMANSEMPHASIS ON BEAUTY, NOT FEARAN IDEAL OF BEING WELL-ROUNDED (DEVELOPING ABILITES IN MANY AREAS)INCLUDED AN IDEAL OF PERFORMING PUBLIC SERVICE AND EXERCISING INDIVIDUAL CHOICESTARTED AS A LITERARY MOVEMENT CONCERNED WITH EVERYDAY HUMAN PROBLEMS
CONTRIBUTING INFLUENCES
SCHOLARS TURNING TO IDEAS FROM THE CLASSICAL PERIODGROWTH OF COMMERCIAL EMPIRES AND CONTACT WITH WORLD CULTURESDEVELOPMENT OF URBAN, RATHER THAN RURAL. AREASBOOKS WRITTEN IN THE VERNACULAR (MORE PEOPLE BECOME LITERATE)CORRUPTION IN THE CHURCH AND A DESIRE TO REFORM RELIGIONINCREASED POWER OF MERCHANT CLASS WHO USE THEIR INFLUENCE TO PROMOTE THEIR IDEAS (BECOME PATRONS TO THE ARTS)
EARLY HUMANIST FIGURES
PETRARCHDANTECHAUCERERASMUSCELLINITHOMAS MOREBOCCACCIOMACHIAVELLIRABELAIS
ILLUSTRATION FROM“CANTERBURY TALES”
PETRARCHTHE FATHER OF HUMANISM
1304-1374 A.D.FLORENTINESPENT MUCH OF HIS YOUTH IN THE POPE’S COURTFOUND MANY OLD LATIN MANUSCRIPTS TO STUDY. ADMIRED THE WRITERSDISLIKED ARISTOTLEWROTE IN THE VERNACULARMOST FAMOUS WORKS-LOVE POEMS (SONNETS) TO LAURA, WHO DIED OF THE BLACK PLAGUECREATED THE ITALIAN SONNET FORM
CHAUCER
EARLY LITERARY HUMANISTWROTE CANTERBURY TALES
ABOUT A GROUP OF PILGRIMS TRAVELING TO THE SHRINE OF THOMAS A’ BECKETTHEY ARE A GROUP OF VARIOUS CLASSES AND OCCUPATIONS WHO TELL “WORLDLY” TALES TO AMUSE THEMSELVES ON THE WAY TO CANTERBURY
BORN IN ENGLAND IN 1340DIED IN 1405
DANTE
BORN IN 1265; DIED IN 1321EARLY FLORENTINE WRITER; THE 1ST GREAT NAME IN ITALIAN LITERATUREWROTE THE DIVINE COMEDY ABOUT A TRIP THROUGH HELL, PURGATORY, AND HEAVEN WHILE IN EXILE FOR POLITICAL BELIEFS
DANTE WITH A COPY OF THE “DIVINE COMEDY” IN HIS HAND
SCENES FROM “DIVINE COMEDY”
ERASMUS
CONSIDERED THE “PRINCE OF HUMANISM”1466-1536 A.D.DUTCH SCHOLAR AND CHRISTIAN HUMANISTQUESTIONED THE ACCURACY OF CATHOLIC BIBLE TRANSLATIONSMOST FAMOUS WORK THE PRAISE OF FOLLY A SATIRE AGAINST SOCIAL EVILS, “KNOWLEDGE FACTORIES”MADE FUN OF CHURCH PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGED REFORMS
BENVENUTO CELLINI
.ITALIAN GOLDSMITH, PAINTER, MUSICIAN, SOLDIER, AND SCULPTORWROTE THE FIRST MODERN AUTOBIOGRAPHYENCOURAGED OTHERS OF EXCELLENCE TO “DESCRIBE LIFE WITH THEIR OWN HAND”
SIR THOMAS MORE
1478-1535 A.D.ENGLISH LAWYERWROTE UTOPIA ABOUT AN IDEAL STATE FREE OF WAR, POVERTY, AND IGNORANCE(“UTOPIA” ACTUALLY MEANS “NO PLACE”, NOT “IDEAL PLACE”CHIEF ADVISOR TO HENRY VIIIWAS BEHEADED AFTER CROMWELL PLANTED “EVIDENCE” OF TREASON TO HENRY VIII PORTRAIT OF THOMAS MORE
BY HANS HOLBEIN
BOCCACCIO
1313-1375 A.D.FLORENTINEWROTE DECAMERON, STORIES TOLD BY TEN MEN AND WOMEN TO PASS THE TIME AFTER THEY FLED FLORENCE DURING THE PLAGUEA WORLDLY MORALIST
IILLUMINATION OFBOCCACCIO AND PETRARCH
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI1469-1527 A.D.FROM A FLORENTINE NOBLE FAMILYWROTE THE PRINCE
SAID “MIGHT MAKES RIGHT”SAID KINGS WERE NOT BOUND TO THE SAME RULES OF LAW AND MORALITYREJECTED THE IDEA THAT THE STATE EXISTED FOR THE GLORY OF GODSAID KINGS SHOULD FORGET IDEALS, BUT DO WHAT IS NECESSARY TO REMAIN POPULARSAID A WISE RULER SHOULD NOT OBSERVE FAITHTHOUGHT THE RIGHTS OF THE CITIZENS ARE ONLY WHAT SERVES THE STATESINGLE-HANDEDLY REVOLUTIONIZED THE IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT AND POLITICSDEDICATED THE BOOK TO THE MEDICIMODERN ADVOCATES: HITLER, MUSSOLINI, STALIN, SADDEM,
RABELAIS
1494-1553FRENCH PHYSICIAN AND MONKWROTE THE SATIRIC ROMANCES GARGANTUA AND PANTAGRUEL
LEONARDO DA VINCI
1452-1519“THE RENAISSANCE MAN”SUPPORTED BY THE D’ESTE FAMILY AND THE DUKE OF MILAN
MOST FAMOUS WORKS:
“THE LAST SUPPER”“MONA LISA”
LEONARDO’SSELF-PORTRAIT
“MONA LISA”
IS “MONA LISA” ASELF-PORTRAIT
???
“MADONNA OF THE ROCKS”
“LADY WITH AN ERMINE”
“THE LAST SUPPER”
MICHELANGELO
1475-1564STARTED AS AN APPRENTICE AT 13 (HE BROKE HIS FIRST MASTER’S NOSE IN A FIGHT)SUPPORTED BY THE MEDICI FAMILYTOLD THE POPE “I AM A SCULPTOR, NOT A PAINTER” WHEN ASKED TO PAINT THE SISTINE CHAPELFAMOUS WORKS:
“THE PIETA”SISTINE CHAPEL CEILING“MOSES”“DAVID”TOMB OF JULIUS II
“THE PIETA”MICHELANGELO
THIS IS THE ONLY WORKMICHELANGELO SIGNED
THE STATUE IS
LOCATEDIN THE
VATICAN
STATUE OF “DAVID”
THE STATUE SUMS UP HUMAN DIGNITY AND GREATNESS
THE STATUE STANDS14’ TALL
MICHELANGELO“SAW” DAVID INTHE PIECE OF
MARBLE
THE SISTINE CHAPEL
HE TOOK FOUR YEARS TO PAINTHE STOOD ON A SCAFFOLDING 70’ HIGHTHE CEILING HAS OVER THREE HUNDRED PERSONAGESHE ALSO PAINTED “THE LAST JUDGMENT”, THE ALTAR PIECE
THE
CREATION
“THE LAST JUDGMENT”
THE “LAST JUDGMENT”
IS THE ALTAR PIECE IN THE
SISTINE CHAPEL
ST. PETER’S CATHEDRAL
MICHELANGELO’SDESIGN FOR THE DOME
ST. PETER’SCATHEDRAL
TODAYIN ROME (VATICAN)
RAPHAEL
BABY ANGELSIN THE
SISTINE CHAPEL
“ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON”
“THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS”
CARAVAGGIO (HE’S NOT ON THE LIST…BUT I LOVE HIM!!!)
“DAVID AND GOLIATH”
THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC”
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
EMPHASIZED SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND NEED FOR REFORMRELIGION, ETHICS, AND QUESTIONS OF RIGHT AND WRONG WERE FREQUENT SUBJECTSART WAS MOSTLY ABOUT ORDINARY PEOPLE, EVEN SERVANTS, AND EVERYDAY LIFEMANY OF THE ARTISTS EMPHASIZED STRONG LIGHT AND DARK CONTRAST
REMBRANDT VAN RIJN
DUTCH PAINTER1606-1669KNOWN FOR HIS USE OF NATURAL LIGHT ILLUMINATING THE FACES OF HIS SUBJECTS, AGAINST DARK BACKGROUNDSPAINTED COMMON PEOPLE, OFTEN MIDDLE CLASS MERCHANTSDID MANY PORTRAITS AND SELF-PORTRAITS
“ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS”
“DEMONSTRATION OF THEANATOMY OF THE ARM”
“ARISTOTLEBEFORE
THE BUST OF HOMER”
“PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN”
“MAN IN AGOLDEN HELMET”
“THE NIGHT WATCH”
“TWO SCHOLARS DISPUTING”(PETER AND PAUL)
“PORTRAIT OF A WOMANWITH OSTRICH FEATHER”
JAN VAN EYCK
ABOUT 1395-DIED 1441DUTCHDID NOT INVENT OIL PAINTS, BUT PERFECTED TECHNIQUES AND EFFECTSHAD HIS OWN SCHOOLHIS BROTHERS WERE ALSO PAINTERSWORKED IN THE COURT AND FOR NOBLES
SENT BY THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TO PROPOSE TO ISABELLAOF PORTUGAL
WELL-PAID ARTIST
“MAN IN A RED TURBAN”(SELF-PORTRAIT)
“THE ARNOLFINA MARRIAGE”
ALBRECHT DURER1471-1528GERMAN PAINTER, ENGRAVER, AND MATHEMATICIANDID PORTRAITS, INCLUDING SELF-PORTRAITSHIS MOST FAMOUS WORKS ARE HIS ENGRAVINGS
SELF-PORTRAIT
“KNIGHT, DEATH, AND THE DEVIL”
“ST. JEROME IN HIS STUDY”
RENAISSANCE WOMEN
ISABELLA D’ESTEARTEMISIA GENTILESCHIVITTORIA COLONNASOFONISBA ANGUISSOLAMARGUERITE OF NAVARRE
ISABELLA D’ESTA
“THE FIRST LADY OF THE RENAISSANCE”1474-1539 A.D.MARRIED DUKE GONZAGA OF MANTUASTRONG CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FIGUREINFLUENCED BY CASTIGLIONEWELL-EDUCATEDPATRON TO DA VINCI AND RAPHAEL, AS WELL AS OTHERS
PORTRAIT BY TITIAN
WROTE OVER 2000 LETTERSMUSICIAN-PLAYED THE LUTEKNEW GREEK AND LATINFOUNDED A SCHOOL FOR YOUNG WOMENWHEN HER HUSBAND WAS TAKEN CAPTIVE, SHE TOOK OVER THE CITY AND HELD OFF THE INVADERSHER SISTER WAS DUCHESS OF MILAN
SKETCH OF ISABELLABY DA VINCI
ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI
“SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS”
ITALIAN ARTIST KNOWN FOR PICTURES OF
STRONG WOMEN
SELF-PORTRAIT
“JUDITH BEHEADINGHOLOFERNES”
“JUDITH AND THE MAIDENSERVANT”
VITTORIA COLONNA
1490-1547ITALIAN NOBLEWOMANKNOWN FOR HER BEAUTIFUL POETRYMICHELANGELO FELL IN LOVE WITH HER AND WROTE HER MANY SONNETSSHE WAS WIDOWED WHEN HER HUSBAND DIED IN CAPTIVITY FROM HIS WOUNDSVERY RELIGIOUS
SKETCH BYMICHELANGELO
SOFONISBA ANGUISSOLA
1532-1625ITALIAN PAINTERSHE AND HER SISTERS WERE ALL ENCOURAGED BY THEIR FATHER TO PAINTSHE MET MICHELANGELO, WHO ALSO ENCOURAGED HER TALENTFOCUSED ON PORTRAITS, BECAUSE GIRLS COULD NOT PAINT NUDESWAS COURT PAINTER AND LADY-IN-WAITING IN SPAINMARRIED TWICE
SELF-PORTRAIT
“THE CHESS GAME”
SELF-PORTRAIT