Glencoe Science
Chapter Resources
The Periodic Table
Includes:
Reproducible Student Pages
ASSESSMENT
✔ Chapter Tests
✔ Chapter Review
HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES
✔ Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity
✔ Laboratory Activities
✔ Foldables–Reading and Study Skills activity sheet
MEETING INDIVIDUAL NEEDS
✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery
✔ Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish
✔ Reinforcement
✔ Enrichment
✔ Note-taking Worksheets
TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES
✔ Section Focus Transparency Activities
✔ Teaching Transparency Activity
✔ Assessment Transparency Activity
Teacher Support and Planning
✔ Content Outline for Teaching
✔ Spanish Resources
✔ Teacher Guide and Answers
Glencoe Science
Photo CreditsSection Focus Transparency 1: Gail Meese/Meese Photo ResearchSection Focus Transparency 2: (r) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (l) Richard Megna/Fun-damental Photographs; Section Focus Transparency 3: Index Stock/Zefa Visual Media-Germany
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the conditionthat such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students,teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with theThe Periodic Table program. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibitedwithout prior written permission of the publisher.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 09 08 07 06 05 04
Reproducible Student Pages■ Hands-On Activities
MiniLAB: Designing a Periodic Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Lab: Metals and Nonmetals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Lab: Use the Internet Health Risks from Heavy Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Laboratory Activity 1: Relationships Among Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Laboratory Activity 2: Periodicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Foldables: Reading and Study Skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
■ Meeting Individual NeedsExtension and Intervention
Directed Reading for Content Mastery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Directed Reading for Content Mastery in Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Enrichment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Note-taking Worksheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
■ AssessmentChapter Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
■ Transparency ActivitiesSection Focus Transparency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Teaching Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Assessment Transparency Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The Periodic Table 1
ReproducibleStudent Pages
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The Periodic Table 3
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Designing a Periodic Table
Analysis1. Explain how your periodic table is similar to the periodic table of the elements.
2. If your classmates brought different pens or pencils to class tomorrow, how would you organize them on your periodic table?
Hand
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Procedure1. Collect pens and pencils from everyone in your class.
2. Decide which properties of the pens and pencils you will use to organizethem into a periodic table. Consider properties such as color, mass, orlength. Then create your table below.
Data and Observations
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The Periodic Table 5
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Lab PreviewDirections: Answer these questions before you begin the Lab.1. What are the properties of metals?
2. What are the properties of nonmetals?
Metals on asteroids appear attractive for mining to space programs becausethe metals are essential for space travel. An asteroid could be processed toprovide very pure iron and nickel. Valuable by-products would includecobalt, platinum, and gold.
Real-World QuestionHow can miners determine if an element is ametal or a nonmetal?
Goals■ Describe the appearance of metals and non-
metals.■ Evaluate the malleability or brittleness of
metals and nonmetals.■ Observe chemical reactions of metals and
nonmetals with an acid or base.
Materials (per group of 2-3 students)10 test tubes with rack 25 g carbontest-tube brush 25 g silicon10-mL graduated cylinder 25 g tinforceps or tweezers 25 g sulfermarking pencil 25 g ironsmall hammer or malletdropper bottle of 0.5M HCldropper bottle of 0.1M CuCl2
Safety Precautions
Procedure1. Fill in data table on the next page. Fill in
data table as you complete the lab.2. Describe in as much detail as possible the
appearance of the sample, including color,luster, and state of matter.
3. Use the hammer or mallet to determinemalleability or brittleness.
4. Label 5 test tubes # 1–5. Place a 1-g sample ofeach element in each test tube. Add 5 mL ofHCl to each tube. If bubbles form, this indi-cates a chemical reaction.
5. Repeat step #4, substituting HCl withCuCl2. Do not discard the solutions imme-diately. Continue to observe for five min-utes. Some of the changes may be slow. Achemical reaction is indicated by a changein appearance of the element.
Metals and Nonmetals
Hand
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6 The Periodic Table
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Analyze Your Data1. Analyze Results What characteristics distinguish metals from nonmetals?
2. List which elements you discovered to be metals.
3. Describe a metalloid. Are any of the elements tested a metalloid? If so, name them.
Conclude and Apply1. Explain how the future might increase or decrease the need for selected elements.
2. Infer why discovering and mining metals on asteroids might be an important find.
Hands-On Activities
carbon
silicon
tin
sulfur
iron
Metal and Nonmetal Data
Malleableor Brittle
Reaction withHClAppearanceElement
Reaction withCuCl2
(continued)
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The Periodic Table 7
Name Date Class
Many heavy metals are found naturally on the planet. People and animalsare exposed to these metals every day. One way to reduce the exposure is toknow as much as possible about the effects of chemicals on you and the envi-ronment. Do heavy metals and other chemicals pose a threat to the health ofhumans? Could health problems be caused by exposure to heavy metals suchas lead, or a radioactive chemical element, such as radon?
Real-World QuestionIs the incidence of these problems higher inone area than another?
Goals■ Organize and synthesize information on a
chemical or heavy metal thought to causehealth problems in the area where you live.
■ Communicate your findings to others inyour class.
Data SourceVisit msscience.com formore information about
health risks from heavy metals, hints on healthrisks, and data from other students.
Make a Plan1. Read general information concerning
heavy metals and other potentially haz-ardous chemicals.
2. Use the sites listed at the link to the left toresearch possible health problems in yourarea caused by exposure to chemicals orheavy metals. Do you see a pattern in thetype of health risks that you found in yourresearch?
3. Check the link to the left to see what othershave learned.
Follow Your Plan1. Make sure your teacher approves your plan
before you start.2. Research information that can help you
find out about health risks in your area.3. Organize your information in a data table
like the one shown.4. Write a report in your Science Journal
using the results of your research on heavymetals.
5. Post your data in the table provided at thelink below.
Use the Internet
Health Risks from Heavy Metals
Hand
s-On
Act
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Health Risk Data Table
How People Come inContact with Chemical
Potential HealthProblems
Chemical orHeavy MetalLocation Who Is
Affected
8 The Periodic Table
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Name Date Class
Hands-On Activities
Communicating Your DataFind this lab using the link below. Post your data in the table provided. Compare yourdata to those of other students. Analyze and look for patterns in the data.
msscience.com
Analyze Your Data1. Evaluate Did all your sources agree on the health risk of the chemical or heavy metal?
2. Analyze all your sources for possible bias. Are some sources more reliable than others?
3. Explain how the health risk differs for adults and children.
4. Identify the sources of the heavy metals in your area. Are the heavy metals still being depositedin your area?
Conclude and Apply1. Analyze Results Were the same substances found to be health risks in other parts of the coun-
try? From the data at the link below, try to predict what chemicals or heavy metals are healthrisks in different parts of the country.
2. Determine what information you think is the most important for the public to be aware of.
3. Explain what could be done to decrease the risk of the health problems you identified.
(continued)
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The Periodic Table 9
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Relationships Among Elements
The periodic table is a wonderful source of information about all of the elements scientists have discov-ered. In this activity, you will investigate the relationship among the elements’ atomic numbers, radii, andpositions in the periodic table.
An atom’s atomic radius is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the edge of the atom. Theradii for elements with atomic numbers from 3 through 38 are given in Table 1. The radii are so smallthat a very small metric unit called a picometer is used. A picometer (pm) is one trillionth of a meter.
StrategyYou will plot the atomic radii of elements with atomic numbers 3 through 38.You will examine the graph for repeated patterns.
Materials copy of the periodic table graph paper pencil
Table 1
LaboratoryActivity11
Hand
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Aluminum
Name and symbol
143Al
Atomicnumber
Atomic radius(picometers)
13
Argon 191Ar 18
Arsenic 121As 33
Beryllium 112Be 4
Boron 85B 5
Bromine 117Br 35
Calcium 197Ca 20
Carbon 77C 6
Chlorine 91Cl 17
Chromium 128Cr 24
Cobalt 125Co 27
Copper 128Cu 29
Fluorine 69F 9
Gallium 134Ga 31
Germanium 123Ge 32
Iron 126Fe 26
Krypton 201Kr 36
Lithium 156Li 3
Magnesium
Name and symbol
160Mg
Atomicnumber
Atomic radius(picometers)
12
Manganese 127Mn 25
Neon 131Ne 10
Nickel 124Ni 28
Nitrogen 71N 7
Oxygen 60O 8
Phosphorus 109P 15
Potassium 231K 19
Rubidium 248Rb 37
Scandium 162Sc 21
Selenium 119Se 34
Silicon 118Si 14
Sodium 186Na 11
Strontium 215Sr 38
Sulfur 103S 16
Titanium 147Ti 22
Vanadium 134V 23
Zinc 134Zn 30
10 The Periodic Table
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Laboratory Activity 1 (continued)
Name Date Class
Procedure1. On the graph paper, label the horizontal axis
with the numbers 0 through 38 to representthe atomic numbers of the elements youwill be plotting.
2. Label the vertical axis by tens with numbersfrom 0 through 280. These numbers repre-sent atomic radii.
3. Plot the atomic radius for each of the ele-ments with atomic numbers 3 through 38.
Hands-On Activities Questions and Conclusions1. Look at the shape of your graph. What patterns do you observe?
2. What family is represented by the high peaks in your graph?
3. What family is represented by the low points in your graph?
4. What family is represented by the smaller peaks just before the high peaks?5. What do you notice about the radii of the elements at the high peaks as you move from left to
right on your graph? Look at your periodic table and find the element that represents each highpeak. What does each high peak begin in the periodic table?
6. What happens to the radii of the elements between two highest peaks? What does each of thesegroups of elements represent?
7. How can a graph such as the one you made help to predict the properties of elements that havenot been discovered yet?
8. How do the radii of metals in each period compare with the radii of nonmetals in that period?
Strategy Check
Can you plot a graph of the atomic radii of elements?
Can you observe repeating patterns in the graph?
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The Periodic Table 11
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Periodicity
A periodic event is one that occurs time after time in a regular, predictable way. If you have atable of repeating events, you can use it to predict what might be true in the future. For example,astronomers are able to predict the appearance of a comet if they know the dates of the comet’sappearance in the past. A calendar is a good model for the periodic table of the elements.
StrategyYou will determine missing information on the calendar for a month.You will make predictions about future and past events based on the calendar.
LaboratoryActivity22
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Procedure 1. Label the seven columns of the calendar
page in Figure 1 with the numbers 1through 7. There are seven families, orgroups, in this periodic table. They are thedays of the week.
2. Label the five rows of the calendar pagewith the numbers 1 through 5. There arefive periods in this periodic table. Eachperiod is a week.
3. Notice that some information is missing.Fill in the missing information by examin-ing the information in the blocks sur-rounding the spots where the missinginformation belongs.
Data and Observations
Figure 1
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9
SUN MON TUE WED FRI SAT
10
11 12 @ # 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Soccer practice
Soccer practice
YourBirthday
12 The Periodic Table
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Laboratory Activity 2 (continued)
Name Date Class
Questions and Conclusions1. Two of the days in Families 3 and 4 are marked with an @ and a #. What dates should go in
these positions?
2. Family 5 doesn’t have a name. What is the correct name for this family?
3. What dates are included in the third period of the table?
4. Assuming that the previous month had 30 days, what day of the week would the 28th of thatmonth have been?
5. What period of this table would it appear in?
6. Notice that two dates have been scheduled for regular soccer practice. When would you expectthe next two soccer practices to take place?
7. The following month will start on the day after the 31st. What day of the week will it be?
8. Suppose your birthday occurs on the 30th of the month. Explain how your birthday is a periodic event.
Strategy Check
Can you provide missing information in a periodic table if you have information aboutthe neighboring blocks?
Can you make predictions based upon information in a periodic table?
Hands-On Activities
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The Periodic Table 13
The Periodic Table
Directions: Use this page to label your Foldable at the beginning of the chapter.
MetalsMetalloidsNonmetalsductile
good conductors of heat and electricity
malleable
examples include boron and silicon
examples include carbon and nitrogen
examples include tin and lead
have luster
elements that share some properties with metals and nonmetals
usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
usually solid
Name Date Class
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The Periodic Table 15
Directions: Use the illustration of the periodic table to complete the tasks below.
Mee
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Indi
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Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
OverviewThe Periodic Table
1. Circle the noble gases family of elements. It contains helium. What is the group
number?
2. Draw an “X” (in red) through the element with the lowest atomic number. Namethe element. What is the atomic number?
3. Draw a box around the period that contains radioactive elements.
It includes uranium. What are these called?
4. Underline all of the elements in the oxygen family.
5. Draw a line through the symbols of all elements in Period 3. List them.
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
Hydrogen
1
H1.008
Element
Atomic number State ofmatter
Metal
Metalloid
NonmetalHydrogen
1
H1.008
Helium
2
He4.003
Lithium
3
Li6.941
Sodium
11
Na22.990
Potassium
19
K39.098
Rubidium
37
Rb85.468
Cesium
55
Cs132.905
Francium
87
Fr(223)
Radium
88
Ra(226)
Actinium
89
Ac(227)
Rutherfordium
104
Rf(261)
Barium
56
Ba137.327
Lanthanum
57
La138.906
Hafnium
72
Hf178.49
Tantalum
73
Ta180.948
Dubnium
105
Db(262)
Seaborgium
106
Sg(266)
Hassium
108
Hs(277)
Meitnerium
109
Mt(268)
Darmstadtium
110
Ds(281)
Unununium
111
Uuu(272)
Ununbium
112
Uub(285)
Ununquadium
114
Uuq(289)
Bohrium
107
Bh(264)
Tungsten
74
W183.84
Rhenium
75
Re186.207
Osmium
76
Os190.23
Iridium
77
Ir192.217
Platinum
78
Pt195.078
Gold
79
Au196.967
Mercury
80
Hg200.59
Thallium
81
Tl204.383
Lead
82
Pb207.2
Bismuth
83
Bi208.980
Astatine
85
At(210)
Radon
86
Rn(222)
Strontium
38
Sr87.62
Yttrium
39
Y88.906
Zirconium
40
Zr91.224
Niobium
41
Nb92.906
Molybdenum
42
Mo95.94
Calcium
20
Ca40.078
Scandium
21
Sc44.956
Titanium
22
Ti47.867
Vanadium
23
V50.942
Chromium
24
Cr51.996
Technetium
43
Tc(98)
Ruthenium
44
Ru101.07
Manganese
25
Mn54.938
Iron
26
Fe55.845
Cobalt
27
Co58.933
Nickel
28
Ni58.693
Copper
29
Cu63.546
Zinc
30
Zn65.409
Gallium
31
Ga69.723
Germanium
32
Ge72.64
Arsenic
33
As74.922
Selenium
34
Se78.96
Bromine
35
Br79.904
Krypton
36
Kr83.798
Rhodium
45
Rh102.906
Palladium
46
Pd106.42
Silver
47
Ag107.868
Cadmium
48
Cd112.411
Indium
49
In114.818
Tin
50
Sn118.710
Antimony
51
Sb121.760
Tellurium
52
Te127.60
Iodine
53
I126.904
Xenon
54
Xe131.293
Magnesium
12
Mg24.305
Aluminum
13
Al26.982
Silicon
14
Si28.086
Phosphorus
15
P30.974
Sulfur
16
S32.065
Chlorine
17
Cl35.453
Argon
18
Ar39.948
Beryllium
4
Be9.012
Boron
5
B10.811
Carbon
6
C12.011
Nitrogen
7
N14.007
Oxygen
8
O15.999
Fluorine
9
F18.998
Neon
10
Ne20.180
1
1 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
3 4 5 6 7
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Synthetic
Polonium
84
Po(209)
The names and symbols for elements 111–114 are temporary. Final names will be selected when the elements’ discoveries are verified.
** *
8
The number in parentheses is the mass number of the longest-lived isotope for that element.
The first three symbols tell you the state of matter of the element at room temperature. The fourth symbol identifies elements that are not present in significant amounts on Earth. Useful amounts are made synthetically.
The color of an element’s block tells you if the element is a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.
The arrow shows where these elements would fit into the periodic table. They are moved to the bottom of the table to save space.
Rows of elements are called periods. Atomic number increases across a period.
Columns of elements are called groups. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
Cerium
58
Ce140.116
Thorium
90
Th232.038
Uranium
92
U238.029
Neptunium
93
Np(237)
Plutonium
94
Pu(244)
Neodymium
60
Nd144.24
Promethium
61
Pm(145)
Samarium
62
Sm150.36
59
Pr140.908
Protactinium
91
Pa231.036
Lanthanideseries
Actinideseries
* Elements 116 and 118 were thought to have been created. The claim was retracted because the experimental results could not be repeated.**
Symbol
Atomic mass
Praseodymium
116
118
* ** *
Europium
63
Eu151.964
Americium
95
Am (243)
Berkelium
97
Bk(247)
Californium
98
Cf(251)
Einsteinium
99
Es(252)
Fermium
100
Fm(257)
Nobelium
102
No(259)
Lawrencium
103
Lr(262)
Mendelevium
101
Md(258)
Holmium
67
Ho164.930
Dysprosium
66
Dy162.500
Terbium
65
Tb158.925
Curium
96
Cm(247)
Gadolinium
64
Gd157.25
Erbium
68
Er167.259
Thulium
69
Tm168.934
Ytterbium
70
Yb173.04
Lutetium
71
Lu174.967
Name Date Class
16 The Periodic Table
Section 1 ■ Introduction to thePeriodic Table
Directions: Label the following elements key using the terms listed below.
element name atomic number atomic mass element symbol
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Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
Meeting Individual Needs
1
HHydrogen
1.008
1. 3.
2. 4.
Directions: Use the data on the left to complete the two element keys below.
5. element name: aluminum
element symbol: Al
atomic number: 13
atomic mass: 26.982
6. element name: gold
element symbol: Au
atomic number: 79
atomic mass: 196.967
Directions: In the blank on the left, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change theword in italics to make it true.
7. Groups 3–12 are metals and are called representative
elements.
8. Nonmetals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
9. The elements in the periodic table are organized by their
atomic number.
10. There are seven groups, or rows, in the periodic table.
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Name Date Class
The Periodic Table 17
Directions: Draw a line between each group or family name on the left to the element it contains on the right.Refer to the periodic table and, if necessary, to your textbook.
1. lanthanide series
2. period 5
3. alkali metals family
4. carbon family
5. period 2
6. alkaline earth metals family
7. noble gases family
8. actinide series
Mee
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Directed Reading for
Content Mastery
Section 2 ■ Representative Elements
Section 3 ■ Transition Elements
iodine
potassium
cerium
boron
lead
krypton
einsteinium
calcium
Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence.
9. All of the elements in the actinide family are (liquids/radioactive).
10. Carbon, the first element in the carbon family, is a (metal/nonmetal).
11. The element with the least atomic mass is (hydrogen/helium).
12. Mercury is the only metal that is a (gas/liquid) at room temperature.
13. Nobel gases (rarely/often) combine with other elements.
14. Lanthanides are (inner transition/representative) elements.
Name Date Class
18 The Periodic Table
Key TermsThe Periodic Table
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.
catalyst representative period group metalloid
synthetic transition metal nonmetal semiconductor
1. A row of elements whose properties change gradually is called
a ______________________________.
2. ______________________________ elements include metals, metalloids,
and nonmetals.
3. A column of elements in the periodic table with similar properties is
a ______________________________ or family.
4. A ______________________________ is usually shiny and conducts
electricity well.
5. A ______________________________ is usually a gas or brittle solid that is a
poor conductor of electricity.
6. A ______________________________ has properties of metals and nonmetals.
7. An element that conducts electricity better than a nonmetal but not as well as a
metal is a ______________________________.
8. Gold and silver are ______________________________ elements.
9. A substance that can cause something to happen faster than it might have
otherwise, but is not permanently changed itself, is called
a ______________________________.
10. ______________________________ elements are made in laboratories.
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La tabla periódica 19
Instrucciones: Usa la ilustración de la tabla periódica para contestar las siguientes preguntas.
Lectura dirigida para
Dominio del contenido
SinopsisLa tabla periódica
1. Haz un círculo alrededor de la familia de elementos de los gases nobles. Esta con-tiene helio. ¿Cuál es el número del grupo?
2. Dibuja una “x” (en rojo) a través del elemento con el número atómico más bajo.Nombra el elemento. ¿Cuál es el número atómico?
3. Dibuja una caja alrededor del período que contiene elementos radiactivos.
Este incluye uranio. ¿Cómo se llaman?
4. Subraya todos los elementos en la familia del oxígeno.
5. Dibuja una línea atravesando los símbolos de todos los elementos en el Período 3.Haz una lista de estos.
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TABLA PERIÓDICA DE ELEMENTOS
Hidrógeno
1
H1.008
Nombre del elemento
Número atómico Estado de la materia
Metal
Metaloide
No metalHidrógeno
1
H1.008
Helio
2
He4.003
Litio
3
Li6.941
Sodio
11
Na22.990
Potasio
19
K39.098
Rubidio
37
Rb85.468
Cesio
55
Cs132.905
Francio
87
Fr(223)
Radio
88
Ra(226)
Actinio
89
Ac(227)
Ruterfordio
104
Rf(261)
Bario
56
Ba137.327
Lantano
57
La138.906
Hafnio
72
Hf178.49
Tántalo
73
Ta180.948
Dubnio
105
Db(262)
Seaborgio
106
Sg(266)
Hasio
108
Hs(277)
Meltnerio
109
Mt(268)
Darmstadtio
110
Ds(281)
Unununium
111
Uuu(272)
Unumbio
112
Uub(285)
Ununquadio
114
Uuq(289)
Borio
107
Bh(264)
Tungsteno
74
W183.84
Renio
75
Re186.207
Osmio
76
Os190.23
Iridio
77
Ir192.217
Platino
78
Pt195.078
Oro
79
Au196.967
Mercurio
80
Hg200.59
Talio
81
Tl204.383
Plomo
82
Pb207.2
Bismuto
83
Bi208.980
Astato
85
At(210)
Radón
86
Rn(222)
Estroncio
38
Sr87.62
Itrio
39
Y88.906
Circonio
40
Zr91.224
Niobio
41
Nb92.906
Molibdeno
42
Mo95.94
Calcio
20
Ca40.078
Escandio
21
Sc44.956
Titanio
22
Ti47.867
Vanadio
23
V50.942
Cromo
24
Cr51.996
Tecnecio
43
Tc(98)
Rutenio
44
Ru101.07
Manganeso
25
Mn54.938
Hierro
26
Fe55.845
Cobalt
27
Co58.933
Níquel
28
Ni58.693
Cobre
29
Cu63.546
Cinc
30
Zn65.409
Galio
31
Ga69.723
Germanio
32
Ge72.64
Arsénico
33
As74.922
Selenio
34
Se78.96
Bromo
35
Br79.904
Criptón
36
Kr83.798
Rodio
45
Rh102.906
Paladio
46
Pd106.42
Plata
47
Ag107.868
Cadmio
48
Cd112.411
Indio
49
In114.818
Estaño
50
Sn118.710
Antimonio
51
Sb121.760
Telurio
52
Te127.60
Yodo
53
I126.904
Xenón
54
Xe131.293
Magnesio
12
Mg24.305
Aluminio
13
Al26.982
Silicio
14
Si28.086
Fósforo
15
P30.974
Azufre
16
S32.065
Cloro
17
Cl35.453
Argón
18
Ar39.948
Berilio
4
Be9.012
Boro
5
B10.811
Carbono
6
C12.011
Nitrógeno
7
N14.007
Oxígeno
8
O15.999
Flúor
9
F18.998
Neón
10
Ne20.180
1
1 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18
3 4 5 6 7
Gas
Líquido
Sólido
Sintético
Polonio
84
Po(209)
** *
8
Los números entre paréntesis indican el número de masa del isótopo de más larga vida de ese elemento.
Los tres primeros símbolos te indican el estado de la materia a temperatura ambiente. El cuarto símbolo identifica a los elementos que no están presentes en la Tierra en cantidades importantes. Las cantidades que se necesitan se sintetizan.
El color del bloque de un elemento es un metal, un no metal o un metaloide.
La flecha indica el sitio donde deberían ubicarse éstos elementos en la table periódica. Se colocan abajo para ahorrar espacio.
Las filas de elementos se llaman perídos. El número atómico aumenta a lo largo de un período.
Las columnas de elementos se llaman grupos. Los elementos de un mismo grupo tienen propiedades químicas similares.
Cerio
58
Ce140.116
Torio
90
Th232.038
Uranio
92
U238.029
Neptunio
93
Np(237)
Plutonio
94
Pu(244)
Neodimio
60
Nd144.24
Promecio
61
Pm(145)
Samario
62
Sm150.36
59
Pr140.908
Protactinio
91
Pa231.036
Serie de loslantánidos
Serie de losactínidos
El nombre y el símbolo de los elementos 111-114 es temporal. Los nombres definitivos se darán cuando se haya verificado el descubrimiento del elemento.* Se pensaba que los elementos 116 y 118 habían sido creados. Esta afirmación se retiró porque los resultados experimentales no se pudieron repetir.**
Símbolo del elemento
Masa atómica
Praseodimio
116
118
* ** *
Europio
63
Eu151.964
Americio
95
Am (243)
Berkelio
97
Bk(247)
Californio
98
Cf(251)
Einsteinio
99
Es(252)
Fermio
100
Fm(257)
Nobelio
102
No(259)
Laurencio
103
Lr(262)
Mendelevio
101
Md(258)
Holmio
67
Ho164.930
Disprosio
66
Dy162.500
Terbio
65
Tb158.925
Curio
96
Cm(247)
Gadolinio
64
Gd157.25
Erbio
68
Er167.259
Tulio
69
Tm168.934
Iterbio
70
Yb173.04
Lutetio
71
Lu174.967
Nombre Fecha Clase
20 La tabla periódica
Sección 1 ■ Introducción a latabla periódica
Instrucciones: Rotula la clave del siguiente elemento usando éstos términos.
nombre del elemento número atómico masa atómica símbolo del elemento
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1
HHidrógeno
1.008
1. 3.
2. 4.
Instrucciones: Usa los datos a la izquierda para completar los dos elementos clave de abajo.
5. nombre del elemento: aluminio
símbolo del elemento: Al
número atómico: 13
masa atómica: 26.982
6. nombre del elemento: oro
símbolo del elemento: Au
número atómico: 79
masa atómica: 196.967
Instrucciones: En el espacio de la izquierda, escribe Verdadero si la afirmación es cierta. Si es falsa, cambia lapalabra en bastardilla para hacerla verdadera.
7. Los grupos 3-12 son metales y se llaman elementos repre-
sentativos.
8. Los no metales son buenos conductores del calor y la elec-
tricidad.
9. Los elementos en la tabla periódica se organizan por su
número atómico.
10. Hay siete grupos, o filas, en la tabla periódica.
Satisface las necesidades individuales
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La tabla periódica 21
Instrucciones: Une con una línea nombre de período o familia a la izquierda y el elemento que ésta contiene ala derecha. Consulta la tabla periódica y si es necesario, tu libro de texto.
1. familia de los lantánidos
2. período 5
3. familia de los metales alcalinos
4. familia del carbono
5. período 2
6. familia de los metales alcalinotérreos
7. familia de los gases nobles
8. familia de los actínidos
Lectura dirigida para
Dominio del contenido
Sección 2 ■ Elementosrepresentativos
Sección 3 ■ Elementos de transición
yodo
potasio
cerio
boro
plomo
criptón
einstenio
calcio
Instrucciones: Encierra en un círculo el término entre paréntesis que complete correctamente cada oración.
9. Todos los elementos en la familia de los actínidos son (líquidos/radiactivos).
10. Carbono, el primer elemento en la familia del carbono, es un (metal/no metal).
11. El elemento con la masa atómica menor es (hidrógeno/helio).
12. El mercurio es el único metal (gaseoso/líquido) a temperatura ambiente.
13. Los gases nobles (raramente/a menudo) se combinan con otros elementos.
14. Los lantánidos son elementos (de transición interna/representativos).
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Nombre Fecha Clase
22 La tabla periódica
Términos clavesLa tabla periódica
Instrucciones: Completa las oraciones usando los siguientes términos.
catalizador representativo período grupo metaloide
sintéticos transición metal no metal semiconductores
1. Una fila de elementos cuyas propiedades cambian gradualmente se llama un(a)
______________________________.
2. Los elementos ______________________________ incluyen metales, meta-
loides, y no metales.
3. Una columna de elementos en la tabla periódica que tienen propiedades simi-
lares es un(a) ______________________________ o familia.
4. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente brillante y con-
duce bien la electricidad.
5. Un(a) ______________________________ es generalmente un gas o sólido
quebradizo que es un conductor pobre de la electricidad.
6. Un ___________________________ tiene propiedades de metales y no metales.
7. Un elemento que conduce la electricidad mejor que un no metal pero no tan
bien como un metal es un(a) ______________________________.
8. El oro y la plata son ______________________________.
9. Una sustancia que puede hacer que algo suceda más rápido de lo normal, pero que
ella misma no cambia, se llama un(a) ______________________________.
10. Los elementos ____________________________ se fabrican en laboratorios.
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The Periodic Table 23
Directions: Use the following terms to label the diagram of an element key.
atomic number atomic mass element name element symbol
Introduction to the PeriodicTable
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8
OOxygen15.999
1.
3.
2.
4.
Directions: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.
Column I
5. usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature and poor conductors of heat and electricity
6. section on the periodic table composed of eight groups, including metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
7. elements that have similar physical or chemical properties
8. elements between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table
9. row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably
10. section on the periodic table composed of Groups 3 through 12
11. the number of protons in the nucleus of an element’s atoms
12. element that has luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is usually a solid at room temperature
Column II
a. metalloids
b. group
c. representative elements
d. metal
e. nonmetal
f. transition elements
g. atomic number
h. period
Reinforcement11
24 The Periodic Table
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Representative Elements
Directions: In the sentences below, a code letter has been substituted for each letter of the alphabet. To find outwhat the sentences say, use the following key to decode them. In the key, the code letters are shown directly belowthe alphabet letter they stand for. Write the correct letter above each code letter, then read the sentences aloud.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZC F K L P T X A V M O D R Z I U E G W N Y B Q H S J
1. ________________ 1 ________________ ________________ ________________X G I Y U P D P R P Z N W C G P K C D D P L
________________ ________________ ________________.N A P C D O C D V R P N C D W
2. ________________ 2 ________________ ________________ ________________X G I Y U P D P R P Z N W C G P K C D D P L
________________ ________________ ________________ ________________.N A P C D O C D V Z P P C G N A R P N C D W
3. ________________ 1 ________________ 2 ________________ ________________P H K P U N T I G A S LG I X P Z X G I Y U W
________________ ________________ ________________ ________________.C Z L C G P W I D V L R P N C D W
4. ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________N A P I N A P G X G I Y U W R C S
________________ ________________, __________________, ________________K I Z N C V Z R P N C D W Z I Z R P N C D W C Z L
___________________.R P N C D D I V L W
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.
5. Diamonds and graphite are two forms of what nonmetal?
6. What is ammonia made of and what are some of its uses?
7. Why is ozone an important form of oxygen?
8. What do halogens all have in common?
9. What do the noble gases have in common?
Meeting Individual Needs
Reinforcement22
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The Periodic Table 25
Directions: Complete the following sentences using the correct terms.
1. All transition elements are ____________________.
2. The iron triad are elements that have ____________________ properties.
3. Many of the heavy metals are ____________________ to living things.
4. ____________________ has the highest melting point of any metal.
5. ____________________ has the lowest melting point of any metal.
6. The ____________________ group are often used for electrodes or catalysts because they donot combine easily with other elements.
7. Another name for ____________________ is the rare earths.
8. The ____________________ are soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
9. All of the actinides are ____________________.
10. All but three of the actinides are ____________________.
Directions: Match the use in the second column to the element in the first column. Write the correct letter in thespace provided.
Element
11. iron
12. silver
13. mercury
14. chromium
15. americium
16. tungsten
17. platinum
18. californium
19. plutonium
20. cerium
Transition Elements
Mee
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Use
a. filament of lightbulbs
b. electrodes
c. used as a fuel in nuclear power plants
d. principal ingredient in misch metal
e. used to kill cancer cells
f. a necessary part of hemoglobin
g. thermometers
h. brightly colored paint
i. fill cavities
j. smoke detectors
Reinforcement33
26 The Periodic Table
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Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
The modern periodic table is based on the work of Dmitri Mendeleev, a nineteenth-centuryRussian chemist and professor. In the 1860s, while working on writing a chemistry textbook, hecame up with a way to organize the elements by their atomic weights. He arranged the elementsinto groups with the same properties. What you see here is the table he had developed by 1871.
1. How is this table different from the modern periodic table?
2. Why do you think some elements are missing from the table?
3. Mendeleev left a few blanks in the table (marked above with a dash). He knew that any spot onthe table could only be filled by an element with a particular atomic weight and properties. Heinferred that some elements hadn’t yet been discovered, since no known elements at the timeseemed to fit these blank spots. He expected that one of the spots would someday be filled byan element with properties similar to silicon (Si). Which spot do you think he had chosen forthis element? Explain.
Meeting Individual Needs
I III IV V VI VII VIII
H
Li
Na
K
Cu
Ag
Cs
Be
Mg
Ca
Zn
Cd
Ba
B
Al
—
—
In
C
Si
Ti
—
Sn
N
P
V
As
Sb
O
S
Cr
Se
Te
F
Cl
Mn
Br
I
Fe,Co,Ni
Ru,Rh,Pd
II
Enrichment11
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The Periodic Table 27
Discovering Circuit Boards
1. transistor
2. resistors
3. capacitors
4. diodes
5. inductors
To many people, circuit boards are a mystifying collection of wires, nodules, andpieces of colored plastic. Once you take thetime to discover what really makes up a basiccircuit board, you will find that they reallyaren’t as confusing as you may have firstthought. One of the primary components of any circuit board is the transistor. A transistor is a component usually made up of germanium or silicon and three or more electrical connections. Silicon and germanium are both metalloids that belongto the carbon group of elements, and bothare semiconductors.
Shown here is a picture of a circuit boardfrom a smoke detector. This circuit board is
similar to most simple circuit boards, at leastwith regard to its components. Research thecomponents listed below and give a briefdescription of their functions.
Mee
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Enrichment22
BFY50330
05
G873 33con
28 The Periodic Table
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The Actinide Group
The actinide group is a series of elements that are all radioactive. There are 15 elements in theactinide group, but only three of them are found in any appreciable amount in nature: thorium, pro-tactinium, and uranium. All of the elements that have been artificially produced are referred to as thetransuranium elements. It is easy to remember the transuranium elements as the ones that have anatomic mass greater than or equal to 93. Many of the transuranium elements have been named inhonor of important scientists or important scientific institutions.
Research the transuranium elements listed below. Describe how they are created, when theywere discovered, and, if applicable, their melting point, their boiling point, any important usesfor them, and who or what they were named for.
1. americium
2. curium
3. berkelium
4. einsteinium
5. mendelevium
Meeting Individual Needs
Enrichment33
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The Periodic Table 29
Section 1 Introduction to the Periodic TableA. By 1830 ____________________ different elements had been isolated and named.
1. In 1869 Mendeleev arranged elements in order of increasing atomic ______________ and
found that elements with similar properties fell into groups.
2. Moseley improved the periodic table by arranging the elements according to atomic
________________ instead of atomic mass.
B. The modern periodic table contains seven _________________ or rows of elements whose
properties change gradually and 18 ________________ or columns, each with a family of ele-
ments having similar properties.
1. Groups 1 and 2 along with Groups 13 to 18 are called the _____________________elements.
2. Groups 3 to 12 are called the ____________________ elements.
3. A _______________ has luster, conducts heat and electricity, and is malleable and ductile.
4. ___________________ are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature.
5. A ___________________ shows properties of both metals and nonmetals.
6. Symbols are abbreviations often based on the element’s ___________________.
Section 2 Representative ElementsA. Groups 1 and 2 are ________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements;
although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and it shares properties with Groups
1 and 17.
1. _______________________—silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they
increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table .
2. _______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points, and
are slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.
B. Groups 13 through 18 may contain ________________, ___________________, or
____________________ in solid, liquid, or gas form.
1. The ______________________ elements in group 13 are all metals except boron, which is a
metalloid; these elements are used in a variety of products.
Mee
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Note-takingWorksheet
The Periodic Table
30 The Periodic Table
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2. The ______________________ elements are all metalloids or metals, except for carbon itself.
a. Carbon is found in all _______________________ and exists in several forms.
b. Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as ________________________.
c. Tin and ______________ are the two heaviest elements in Group 14.
3. The ________________________ contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are required
by living things and which are used in industry.
4. The _______________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for life and
used to manufacture many products.
5. The _______________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other
alkali metals.
6. The _____________________ rarely combine with other elements; they are often used in
lighting and inflating balloons.
Section 3 Transition ElementsA. ________________________ are the transition elements; most are combined with other ele-
ments in ores.
1. The ____________________ is composed of iron, cobalt, and nickel; these metals have
magnetic properties.
2. Several transition elements can be used as ___________________, which are substances
that make reactions occur faster without changing itself.
B. The _______________ transition elements are called lanthanides and actinides.
1. The _____________________ are soft metals and were once thought to be rare.
2. All the ___________________ are radioactive; several are synthetic elements that do not
occur naturally.
3. Dental materials are sometimes made of new composites, resins, and porcelains.M
eeting Individual Needs
Note-taking Worksheet (continued)
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The Periodic Table 33
Chapter Review
The Periodic Table
Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each definition.
1. mannotel
2. sepretenveriat tenelmes
3. rogup
4. telam
5. dilatomel
6. dpoier
7. toccurenmoids
8. scytatal
9. sitnnorati tenelmes
10. yetihscnt tenelmes
Asse
ssm
ent
usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature
elements in Groups 1 and 2 and in Groups13–18
contains elements with similar properties
an element that has luster and conductsheat and electricity
shows properties of a metal and a nonmetal
row of elements in the periodic table
shows moderate electrical conductivity
substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not changed itself
are all metals
are made in laboratories
Part B. Concept ReviewDirections: Refer to the five element keys shown here for items 1 through 5. In the blank at the left, write thename of the element that best fits the description.
2
HeHelium4.003
11
NaSodium22.990
6
CCarbon12.011
80
HgMercury200.59
102
NoNobelium259.101
1. liquid at room temperature
2. atomic nucleus has the fewest protons
3. does not occur naturally on Earth
4. has an average atomic mass of about 12
5. atomic nucleus contains 11 protons
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Chapter Review (continued)
34 The Periodic Table
Directions: Correctly complete each sentence by underlining the best of the choices in parentheses.
6. In this periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing
(atomic number, atomic diameter, mass number).
7. The symbol for the element mercury is (Mg, Hg, Ga).
8. The element (neon, sodium, bromine) is a gas at room temperature.
9. Most of the (actinides, alkali metals, halogens) are synthetic elements.
10. (Sulfur, Magnesium, Copper) is a good conductor of electricity and heat.
11. Elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18 are called the (transition elements,
rare earth elements, representative elements).
12. (Aluminum, Iron, Copper) has magnetic properties.
13. Silicon is an example of a(n) (semiconductor, transition element, alloy).
14. Elements that rarely combine with other elements are the (halogens, noble gases, alkali metals).
15. All transition elements are (metals, gases, liquids).
16. Most nonmetals are (good conductors, brittle, gases).
17. Elements that can be pounded into thin sheets are (metalloids, semiconductors, malleable).
18. The only nonmetal found on the left side of the periodic table is (sodium, chlorine, hydrogen).
19. The most active nonmetal is (fluorine, iodine, carbon).
20. The element used for storing and transporting radioactive materials is (tin, lead, carbon).
21. The iron triad is made up of iron, cobalt, and (aluminum, nickel, tin).
22. Most transition metals have (higher, lower) melting points than the representative elements.
23. (Transition elements, Lanthanides, Actinides) are soft metals.
24. All of the (transition elements, lanthanides, actinides) are radioactive.
25. Although (silver, mercury, gold) is a poisonous liquid, it can be used in dental materials if
mixed with other metals.Assessm
ent
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40 The Periodic Table
Up and Down, Side toSide
Transparency Activities
Section FocusTransparency Activity11
A calendar is a neatly organized way to track weeks and months.Each column shows the day of the week, and across each row you canread the days in order. Elements are organized on a table in a similarfashion.
1. Describe some of the repeating patterns in a calendar.
2. How would you read which days of a month fell on Thursday?
3. What day of this month is the full moon? What day of the weekdoes that fall on?
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The Periodic Table 41
Strong Reactions
Tran
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Section FocusTransparency Activity22
Sodium and potassium belong to the same group of elements, andthey share many similar properties. For example, both form impor-tant compounds with the element chlorine. Below you see each ele-ment reacting with water.
1. How are the pictured reactions similar? How are they different?
2. Lithium is also from the same group. Would you expect lithium toreact with chlorine? What might lithium do if it were placed inwater?
Sodium Potassium
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42 The Periodic Table
A Touch on the WarmSide
Transparency Activities
Section FocusTransparency Activity33
That’s liquid iron being poured at roughly 1,500°C (2,800°F). Iron isused as both a pure element and as a mixture. Steel, iron combinedwith other elements, is a common example of an iron mixture. Thereare many different iron mixtures, including cast iron, carbon steel,and stainless steel.
1. Name some properties of iron.
2. Name some items made of iron or iron mixtures. Why is iron agood choice for making these things?
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The Periodic Table 43
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Parts of the PeriodicTable
Teaching TransparencyActivity11
Transition elements
Inner transition elements
Representativeelements
Representative elements
Lanthanide series
Actinide series
Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal
Recently discovered
Awaiting discovery Hydrogen
1
H
1.008
Element
Atomic number
Symbol
Atomic mass
State of matter
44 The Periodic Table
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Teaching Transparency Activity (continued)
1. Where are the transition elements located on the periodic table?
2. Where are the lanthanide series and actinide series located on this table?
3. What’s the importance of the rows? What do they indicate?
4. Looking at the table on the transparency, what are the elements in the upper-right corner?
5. In the modern periodic table, how are the elements organized?
6. How many columns are in the periodic table?
7. Why are the columns called groups?
Transparency Activities
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The Periodic Table 45
AssessmentTransparency Activity
The Periodic Table
Tran
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Directions: Carefully review the table and answer the following questions.
1. According to the table above, which of these alkali metals has adensity greater than 1.00 g/mL?A LithiumB SodiumC PotassiumD Rubidium
2. A scientist examined a metal and found that it had an atomic mass of 39. What was the identity of the metal?F LithiumG RubidiumH SodiumJ Potassium
3. All of the following are properties of the metals listed aboveEXCEPT for the ability to ___.A be bent into different shapesB conduct heat and electricityC be gases at room temperatureD reflect light and shine
Metal Symbol Density (g/mL)
Lithium
Sodium
Potassium
Rubidium
Li
Na
K
Rb
3
11
19
37
7
23
39
85
0.53
0.97
0.86
1.53
Atomicnumber
Atomicmass