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ThePeculiar Institution:
From Necessary Evil to Positive Good
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First Issue: Haitian Revolution: 1791-1804
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Colonization
!6
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Rebellions
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This drawing shows the moment, almost two months after the failure of his famous and bloody slave revolt, when Nat Turner was accidentally discovered in the woods near his home plantation
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Sunday, May 20, 12 !11
Rise of Abolition
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William Lloyd Garrison: Fiery abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.
Unlike previous generations of
Abolitionists, Garrison and his contemporary were far
less tolerant and far, far more scathing of
slaveholders and the south.
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William Lloyd Garrison: Fiery abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.
Sunday, May 20, 12
“The compact which
exists between the North and the South is a
covenant with death and an agreement with hell.”
!14
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Southern Reaction
!17
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Lock the doors and throw away the
key.
!18
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Intellectual Blockade: Banned All
Abolitionist Literature (via the post offices)
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Tightened Rules for Manumission
!20
And laws regarding slave movements
Sunday, May 20, 12 !21
One of the ways Charleston attempted to control its African American population was to require all slaves to wear badges showing their occupation. After 1848, free
black people also had to wear badges, which were decorated, ironically, with a23
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Internal Slave Trade, 1820-60 Between 1820 and 1860, nearly 50 percent of the slave population of the Upper South was sold south to labor on the cotton plantations of the Lower
South. This map shows the various routes by which they were “sold down the river.”
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The Positive Good Defense
!23
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JohnC Calhoun
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George Fitzhugh
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fig11_07.jpg
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fig11_08.jpg
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Cotton Exports as a Percentage of All
U.S. Exports, 1800–1860
The growing share of the export market, and the
great value (nearly $200 million in 1860) led
southern slave owners to believe that “Cotton Is
King.” They believed that the importance of cotton to the national economy entitled the South to a commanding voice in
national policy.
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Why They Were So Scared
Cotton Exports as a Percentage of All
U.S. Exports, 1800–1860
The growing share of the export market, and the
great value (nearly $200 million in 1860) led
southern slave owners to believe that “Cotton Is
King.” They believed that the importance of cotton to the national economy entitled the South to a commanding voice in
national policy.
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COTTON
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The Cotton Gin
!32
Sunday, May 20, 12
The Cotton Gin
!33
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Cotton Production and the Slave Population, 1820.
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The South Expands, 1790–1850 This map shows the dramatic effect cotton production had on southern expansion. From the original six states of 1790, westward expansion, fueled by the search for new cotton lands, added another six states by 1821, and three more by 1850.
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Internal Slave Trade 33
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This engraving from Harper’s Weekly shows slaves, dressed in new clothing, lined up outside a New Orleans slave pen for inspection by potential buyers before the actual auction began. They were often threatened with punishment if they did not present a good appearance and manner
that would fetch a high price. 34
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Major Crops of the South, 1860
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fig11_05.jpg
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The goal of yeoman farm families was economic independence. Their mixed farming and grazing enterprises, supported by kinship and community ties, afforded them a self-
sufficiency epitomized by Carl G. von Iwonski’s painting of this rough but comfortable log cabin in New Braunfels, Texas.
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The gang system used in cotton cultivation necessitated overseers to keep the gang at work. Hence scenes like this where slaves work hard to pick and bale cotton while white overseers
with whips stand lazily.
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Size of Slaveholdings, 1860
Slaveholding and Class Structure in the South,
1830
The great majority of the southern white population were
yeoman farmers.
In 1830, slave owners made up only 36 percent of the southern
white population; owners of more than fifty slaves constituted
a tiny 2.5 percent.
Yet they and the others who were middling planters
dominated politics, retaining the support of yeomen who prized
their freedom as white men above class-based politics.
.
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Slave Population, 1860
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Distribution of Free Blacks, 1860
Free Black Populations 1860
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