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Page 1: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU

University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

Page 2: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

2. For starters:

The United Kingdom: the most “advanced” in Europe

• see Douwe Korff, Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom, presentation at the 2007 Summer Academy of the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD), Kiel, 24 August 2007.

• https://www.datenschutzzentrum.de/sommerakademie/2007/.

Page 3: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

3. DIRECT SURVEILLANCE - The good old British “Bobby”:

Page 4: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

4. And the 2007 one:

Page 5: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

5. The new guardian:

Page 6: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

6. CCTV in figures:

Page 7: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

7. “Talking CCTV”:

Page 8: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

8. There’s a tiny camera behind the badge ...

Page 9: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

9. ... and several in the air (to be used for the Olympics):

Page 10: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

10. BIOMETRICS:

The UK DNA database - holds DNA data on 100,000 innocent children, and on 40% of the black population - and on him (and he wanted everyone’s details to go on it):

Page 11: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

11 More insiduous: “DATAVEILLANCE”

Page 12: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

12 A further trend:

“Bringing protection forward”

not really new: cf. See Sebastian Cobler, Die Gefahr geht von den Menschen aus: der vorverlegte Staatsschutz, 2nd Ed., Berlin, 1978 (the 1st edition was published in 1976).

Page 13: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

13

These are general trends, also notable in other European countries

(and encouraged by the EU, but I’ll come to that in a minute)

Page 14: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

12

Drivers: e-services, e-learning, e-government, e-everything –

and e-identity (ID Cards, e-IDM)

“Joined-up government” / “Full societal alliance”

Terrorism: massive funding (EC security research; US DARPA)

Page 15: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

15 “Targetting” by computer, using “profiles” - results inevitably in:

“false positives”: people wrongly identified as abusers/criminals/terrorists

“false negatives”: the real culprits being missed

STUDY THE “BASE-RATE FALLACY”!

Page 16: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

16 ALSO:

Inherent biases and limitations, e.g.:

Racial bias in face-recognition software

Page 17: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD)

by Douwe [email protected]

17

GENERAL, SUSPICIONLESS MASS SURVEILLANCE

Page 18: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

18. And now to Europe ...

... where the same is being encouraged, in particular in the “Third Pillar”

Page 19: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

19 BASIC EUROPEAN “THIRD PILLAR” POLICIES:

• Cooperation in police/criminal matters• Establishment of EU databases and institutions:

* Europol

* Eurojust

* Eurodac

* Schengen Information System SIS-I, SIS-1+ SIS-II (& VIS)

* CIS

* The Prüm Treaty• The principle of “availability”

Page 20: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

Guaranteeing Liberty or Big Brother: Surveillance in the United Kingdom 2007 Summer Academyof the Schleswig Holstein Independent Privacy Protection Centre (ULD)

by Douwe [email protected]

20.

“Policy-Laundering”

&

“Function-creep”

Page 21: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

21 The Draft EU Council Framework Decision on data protection in the Third Pillar - a disgraceful proposal

(see handout)

Page 22: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

22.

Data transfers to non-EU countries general

Page 23: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

23.

The EU-US “PNR” Controversy

Page 24: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

24.

Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (1):

ECHELON

Page 25: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

25.

Data collection in Europe by the US authorities – (2):

SWIFT (et al.)

Page 26: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

26.

“Profiling” at the European level

Page 27: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

27.

The legal framework:

* ECHR & cases

* ECJ & cases

* COE Convention No 108

* COE Recomm R(87)15

Page 28: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

28.

• ASSESSMENT (1):

The current EU rules relating to anti-terrorist measures seriously fail to meet ECHR and EU dp-standards:

The EU citizen is stripped before the eyes of the Third Pillar authorities

Page 29: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

29.

• ASSESSMENT (2):The European Surveillance Society is not a democratic one: the Council’s Third-Pillar measures threaten the most fundamental values supposedly underpinning the European political settlement, at both national and international level.In its actions against terrorism, the EU is doing the European ideal a serious disservice by undermining democracy and the rule of law.

Page 30: The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EU University of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007 by Douwe Korff d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk d.korff@londonmet.ac.uk

The Naked European Citizen: State surveillance in the EUUniversity of Maastricht Studium Generale 2007

by Douwe [email protected]

30.

• ASSESSMENT (3):At a more practical level, these issues will create serious problems for European and wider international cooperation in the fight against terrorism, including constitutional-legal challenges to such (intra-EU- and EU-US) arrangements in countries in which data protection is given a high level of protection under the national Constitution (such as Germany).They will therefore ultimately undermine, rather than help, in the fight against terrorism and organised crime.


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