JUNE 2010
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
The Influence of PAUT Parameters on
Crack Location, Pattern and Height Sizing
Peter Ciorau – Ontario Power Generation
Inspection, Maintenance & Commercial
Services Division - Pickering – Canada
E-MAIL : [email protected]
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
OUTLINES:
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERS
4. MACHINE + FOCAL LAW PARAMETERS
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• DEFECT PARAMETERS (LOCATION, LENGTH, HEIGHT,
PATTERN (NATURE) MAY BE INFLUENCED BY:
- PROBE (DEAD ELEMENTS, PITCH SIZE, ACTIVE
APERTURE)
- WEDGE (ANGLE, VELOCITY, H1)
- TESTPIECE VELOCITY
- MACHINE (FILTERS, FREQUENCY)
- FOCAL LAW CALCULATOR (FOCAL DEPTH,
ACTIVE APERTURE, ANGULAR RESOLUTION)
• TOLERANCES MUST BE SET BASED ON APPLICATION
(WHAT IS CRITICAL FOR FINAL REPORTING)
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
1. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• PAUT IS NOT DIFFERENT FROM CONVENTIONAL UT
• ERRORS MUST BE QUANTIFIED
• THERE ARE LIMITS AND “TRICKS” IN PAUT
• ONE MUST EXPECT THE ACCURACY IN SIZING, LOCATION
AND DISPLAY (PATTERN) MAY BE AFFECTED BY SYSTEMATIC,
RANDOM AND HUMAN ERRORS
• CAN PAUT COMPETE WITH TOFD (+/- 0.3 MM) ?
• CAN PAUT PERFORMANCE BE IMPROVED BY ACCESS AND
SPECIAL SET-UPS?
• CAN WE AFFORD CUMULATIVE INDEPENDENT ERRORS?
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
TEST # BLOCK ID PROBE ID FEATURES
1OHR 20
# 18
TW : P66-45T
(PLEXIGLASS)CRACK HEIGHT (D), LOCATION
2 AB 259TW : P9-30REX
(REXOLITE)
CRACK HEIGHT (D) LOCATION,
PATTERN
3 AB 163B LW : 78, 80, 84CRACK HEIGHT (S)
LOCATION, ANGLE
4L-1 ST.
AS BUILTLW : P21, P25
CRACK LENGTH (D)
LOCATION, ANGLE
5OHR 20
ACUREN-SCCTW : P74-45T CRACK HEIGHT, PATTERN
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
• EVALUATE INDIVIDUAL TOLERANCES TO GET:
- ± 1 mm crack height accuracy
- ± 1 mm crack ID location
- ± 2 mm for index (projected distance)
- ± 2 for sizing / detection angle
• ESTIMATE TOLERANCES FOR COMBINATION OF FACTORS
• SET REALISTIC TOLERANCES FOR DIFFRACTED INSPECTIONS
(SIDE TECHNIQUE ON L-1 STEEPLE)
• EVALUATE THE S-SCAN DISPLAY FOR WEDGE, PROBE AND
TESTPIECE VARIABLES (VELOCITY, ANGLE, HEIGHT, PITCH)
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2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
WHY SUCH TOLERANCES ?
- TURBINE INSPECTION (LITTLE MARGIN OF ERRORS; COMPARISON WITH MP
AND FM )
- SCC PATTERN – A MUST (HIGH RESOLUTION)
4.2 mm
15.8 mm
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
WHY SUCH TOLERANCES ?
- TURBINE INSPECTION (LITTLE MARGIN OF ERRORS)
- SCC PATTERN – A MUST (HIGH RESOLUTION)
HIGH
RELIABILITY
PAUT
RESULTS VS
MP AND FM
STEEPLE / BLADE
GEOMETRY
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERS
TEST #1
LOCATION
PLEXIGLASSHEIGHT
WEDGE VELOCITY
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERS
REXOLITE WEDGE VELOCITYTEST #2
2450 m/s2250 m/s
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSWEDGE ANGLETEST #2
28 DEG30 DEG
ACTUAL33 DEG
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSHEIGHT OF THE 1ST ELEMENT
1.5 mm 3.5 mm
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSCAN WE ACCEPT THESE TOLERANCE – COMBINED?
TEST #2
H1 = 3.5 MM; 2300 M/S; 32 DEGREES H1 = 1.5 MM; 2400 M/S; 28 DEGREES
NOT ACCEPTED !
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSPROBE PITCHTEST #1
Tolerance: +/- 50 microns
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSPROBE PITCHTEST #2, 3
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSPROBE PITCHTEST #3
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSPROBE PITCHTEST #4
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3. WEDGE AND PROBE PARAMETERSPROBE PITCHTEST #4
P 25 – 0.8 MM
P 25 – 0.6 MM
P 25 – 0.4 MM
ACTUAL
TOLERANCE: + / - 150 MICRONS
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4. MACHINE + FOCAL LAW PARAMETERS
VIDEO DISPLAY
SMOOTHING ON SMOOTHING OFF
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4. MACHINE + FOCAL LAW PARAMETERS
ANGULAR
RESOLUTION
10 A-SCANS
COURTESY OLYMPUSNDT-USA
ELECTRONIC
/LINEAR SCANNING
0.5 DEG 1 DEG 4 DEG
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3RD INT CANDU IN-SERVICE-INSPECTION & NDT IN CANADA 2010 CONFERENCE
4. MACHINE + FOCAL LAW PARAMETERS
FILTERS AND FOCAL DEPTH
TEST #5
F = 7 MM; 10 MHZ
F = 4 MM; HR 10 MHZ
F = 2 MM; HR 10 MHZ
F = 1 MM; HR 10 MHZ
SCC DEPTH,
PATTERN
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4A. TESTPIECE VELOCITY PARAMETERS
3050 M/S3200 M/S 3350 M/S
TOLERANCE:
+/- 100 M/S
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5. CONCLUSIONS
• TOLERANCES MUST BE SET FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
• INDIVIDUAL TOLERANCES ARE LARGER THAN THE COMBINED
ONES
• 1ST HEIGHT : NO EFFECT ON CRACK HEIGHT AND PATTERN;
EFFECT ON LOCATION; +/- 1 MM ACCEPTABLE
• WEDGE VELOCITY: + / - 60-80 M/S ACCEPTABLE
• WEDGE ANGLE: + / - 1 DEGREE ACCEPATABLE
• PROBE PITCH: + / - 60 MICRONS ACCEPTABLE
• TESTPIECE VELOCITY: + / - 80 M/S ACCEPTABLE
• OTHER PARAMETERS, SUCH AS FILTERS, FOCAL DEPTH AND
ANGULAR RESOLUTION MUST BE SET BASED ON APPLICATION;
BETTER TO COVER 0.2-1.2 T; < 0.5 DEGREES; RECOMMENDED HR
FILTERS
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6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1. The author thanks to the Management of IM&CS
Division - OPG for granting the presentation and
publication of the present paper to the 3-rd CANDU
ISI & NDT in Canada-2010 Conference.
2. Special thanks to Chris Chartier - Acuren Oakville
for welded pipe sample with SCC.
3. Thanks to OlympusNDT – Waltham – USA for
allowing to use 2 figures from PA book.
QUESTIONS ?THANK YOU !