The Human BrainThe Human Brain
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System
Brain and Spinal CordBrain and Spinal CordSpinalCord
Brain
Left & Right sides are Left & Right sides are separateseparate
Corpus Callosum : Corpus Callosum : major pathway major pathway between hemispheresbetween hemispheres
Some functions are Some functions are ‘lateralized’‘lateralized’ language on leftlanguage on left math, music on rightmath, music on right
Lateralization is never Lateralization is never 100% 100%
Brain has 2 HemispheresBrain has 2 Hemispheres
LeftHemisphere
Corpus CallosumRight
Hemisphere
Each hemisphere is Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes divided into 4 lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sensory Information sent to Sensory Information sent to opposite hemisphereopposite hemisphere
Principle is Contralateral Principle is Contralateral Organization Organization
Sensory data crosses Sensory data crosses over in pathways over in pathways leading to the cortexleading to the cortex
Visual CrossoverVisual Crossover left visual field to right left visual field to right
hemispherehemisphere right field to leftright field to left
Other senses similarOther senses similar
Left visualfield
Right visualfield
Opticnerves
CorpusCallosum
Left VisualCortex
Right VisualCortex
Contralateral Motor ControlContralateral Motor ControlMovements Movements
controled by motor controled by motor areaarea
Right hemisphere Right hemisphere controls left side of controls left side of bodybody
Left hemisphere Left hemisphere controls right sidecontrols right side
Motor nerves cross Motor nerves cross sides in spinal cordsides in spinal cord
Somatosensory CortexMotor Cortex
Corpus CallosumCorpus Callosum
Major ( but not only) Major ( but not only) pathway between sidespathway between sides
Connects comparable Connects comparable structures on each sidestructures on each side
Permits data received on Permits data received on one side to be one side to be processed in both processed in both hemisphereshemispheres
Aids motor coordination Aids motor coordination of left and right sideof left and right side
Corpus Callosum
Medial surface of right hemisphere
Lobes of the BrainLobes of the Brain
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Occipital LobeOccipital LobeInput from Optic Input from Optic
nervenerveContains primary Contains primary
visual cortexvisual cortexmost is on surface most is on surface
inside central fissureinside central fissure
Outputs to parietal Outputs to parietal and temporal and temporal lobeslobes
OccipitalLobe
VisualLobe
Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe
Inputs are auditory, Inputs are auditory, visual patternsvisual patterns speech recognitionspeech recognition face recognitionface recognition word recognitionword recognition memory formationmemory formation
Outputs to limbic Outputs to limbic System, basal System, basal Ganglia, and Ganglia, and brainstembrainstem
Contains primary auditory cortex
TemporalLobe
TemporalLobe
AuditoryCortex
ParietalLobe
SomatosensoryCortex
Parietal LobeParietal Lobe
Inputs from multiple Inputs from multiple sensessenses
contains primary somatosensory cortex
borders visual & auditory cortex
Outputs to Frontal lobe
hand-eye coordination
eye movements
attention
FrontalLobe
Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe Contains primary Contains primary
motor cortexmotor cortex MotorCortexMotorCortexBroca’s
Area
MotorCortex
WorkingMemory
No direct sensory inputNo direct sensory input Important planning and Important planning and
sequencing areas sequencing areas Broca’s area for Broca’s area for
speechspeech
Prefrontal area for Prefrontal area for working memoryworking memory
Layers of the CerebrumLayers of the Cerebrum
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Control Centers of the BrainControl Centers of the Brain
© 1998-1999 Genentech Inc