The Growth of Industry
Copy this chart And Complete Use pages 321-325
Labor UnionsUnion Year Importan
t PeopleCharacteristics/
SignificanceNational Trades Union (NTU)
Knights of Labor
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
American Railway Union (ARU)
Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)
Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455Strikes
Strike Year People Cause Effects
Great Strike of 1877
Haymarket Affair XHomestead Strike
Pullman Company Strike
Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455Strikes
Strike Year People Cause Effects
Great Strike of 1877
1877 Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad workers protested their second wage cut in two months
The strike spread to other railroad lines, stopping traffic for over a week, impeding interstate commerce; Federal troops ended the strike
Haymarket Affair
1886
XProtest police brutality on strikers; Bomb was thrown into a police line
Police fired on workers; police officers and workers died; Public began to turn against the labor movement
Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 453-455Strikes
Strike Year People
Cause Effects
Homestead Strike
1892 Henry Clay Frick
Wage cuts at Carnegie’s Steel Company’s Homestead plant; scabs were brought in and violence irrupted
Three detective and nine workers killed; Plant was closed until the strike was broken up by the National Guard
Pullman Company Strike
1893 Eugene V. Debs
Workers were laid off; pay cuts without a decrease in the cost of housing; Pullman refused to negotiate with workers; ARU boycotted Pullman trains
Scabs were hired and violence irrupted; Federal troops sent in; Debs jailed; Workers fired & blacklisted
Starter 10/2 Turn in test corrections Take out unions charts Take down your 1830s bumper sticker and
put it in your portfolio
Look at the political cartoon on 336 and answer the two questions
Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 451-452.Labor Unions
Union Year Important People
Characteristics/Significance
National Labor Union (NLU)
1866 William H. Sylvis
First large-scale nations labor union; some local chapters refused African Americans; 1868 got Congress to legalize an eight-hour day for government workers
Colored National Labor Union (CLU)
1869 Isaac Meyers
Emphasized cooperation between management and labor; political reform important; Disbanded because Knights of Labor formed
Knights of Labor
1869 Uriah Stephens
Open to all workers, regardless of race, gender or degree of skill; equal pay and 8 hour work day; Believed strikes should be the last resort & advocated for arbitration
Copy this chart. This is homework due tomorrow.
Use pages 451-452.Labor Unions
Union Year Important People
Characteristics/Significance
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
1886 Samuel Gompers
Skilled workers; Focused on collective bargaining; Used strikes as a major tactic; Won higher wages and shorter workweeks
American Railway Union (ARU)
1894 Eugene V. Debs
Specific to the railroad industry and included skilled and unskilled laborers; Won higher wages by using strikes
Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)
1905 Eugene V. DebsWilliam “Big Bill” Haywood
Radical socialist labor union that wanted government control of business and property and equal distribution of wealth; Included miners, lumberers, cannery and dock workers; Included African Americans
Create this chart & fill it out! Use pages 437-439.
The Expansion of IndustryInventi
onYear Inventor Significance
Steam Engine Drill
Bessemer Process
Light bulb
Typewriter/ Telephone
The Expansion of IndustryInventio
nYear Inventor Significance
Steam Engine Drill
1859 Edwin Drake
Drill for oil; oil used in industry
Bessemer Process
1850 Henry Bessemer & William Kelly
Removed the carbon from iron to produce steel, which was more flexible, lighter, and rust-resistant; Railroad boom, bridges, skyscrapers
Light bulb
1876 Thomas Edison
Inexpensive, convenient source of energy used in factories (factories could be located anywhere, not just near water & workers could work all hours, not just in the day
Typewriter/ Telephone
1867/ 1876
Christopher Sholes/ Alexander Graham Bell
New jobs for women
The Age of the Railroads
Effects of theRapid GrowthOf Railroads
Use pages442-445
The Age of the RailroadsMany different
Regions of AmericaWere now linked
Long distanceTravel now Possible for
Many Americans
Formation of Standard time
zones
Rapid GrowthOf Railroads
Iron, steel, coal, Lumber, and glass
Industries grew becauseThe railroad needed
Their products
Trade among cities,Towns, and settlements
Increased. Communities Grew and prospered
New towns created (ex. Pullman factory,
Which created sleeping carsFor trains, had a town
Built around it toSupport its workers
Some people becameVery rich from
Profits made in the Railroad industry
After Test Vocabulary Homework Due Wed 10/11. Munn v. Illinois2. Interstate Commerce
Act3. Andrew Carnegie4. Vertical integration5. Horizontal integration6. Social Darwinism7. John D. Rockefeller8. “Robber Barons”9. Sherman Antitrust Act10.Industrial Workers of
the World11.Mary Harris Jones12.Ellis Island
13. Angel Island14. Melting pot15. Nativism16. Chinese Exclusion Act17. Urbanization18. Americanization
movement19. Tenements20. Mass transit21. Settlement houses22. Jane Addams23. Political machine24. Boss Tweed
Starter 10/1 Find Your Test Begin Corrections you will only have 7 min!
Hispanic Heritage Month!
My answer What I was thinking
Correct answer
Why it is correct
Industrialization Immigration Urbanization
Industrialization
Emergence of Big BusinessThe late 19th century witnessed the
emergence of big and powerful businesses, which monopolized their industry
The leaders of these businesses were called “Robber Barons” due to their unscrupulous business practices
John D. Rockefeller Rockefeller
started Standard Oil Company
Why was oil important?
Trusts Standard Oil Company was the
nation’s first trust A trust is a business arrangement
in which a number of companies unite into one system.
They want to destroy all competition & create monopolies
Monopolies A monopoly is when a business has
complete control over an industry’s production, quality, wages paid, and prices charged
The Sherman Anti-trust Act prevented the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfere with free trade
Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie founded a steel
company in Pittsburgh, PA (THINK: Pittsburgh Steelers)
Steel was important to the railroad industry
He was a millionaire philanthropist who began the public library system
He used vertical and horizontal integration to build his steel empire
Andrew Carnegie
Vertical Integration A business buys out all of its
suppliers EX: McDonalds would buy out the
makers of:Buns (Merita Bread Company)Ketchup (Heinz)Meat (Smithfield Meats)French Fries (Idaho)
Horizontal Integration A business buys out all of its
competitors For example, McDonald’s would buy
out:Burger KingKFCTaco BellSonic
Social Darwinism Social Darwinism was a philosophy of
this time period which drew from Darwin’s theory of evolution
Put in terms of society, Social Darwinism states that it is acceptable for businesses to be big and controlling, because society is all about the “survival of the fittest”
The weak help the strong survive & thrive
Problems for Workers Many problems were faced by workers
in factories: Long hours Low pay No benefits (health insurance, sick
leave) Dangerous working conditions Child labor
Workers Unite Workers united and formed labor unions,
which demanded improved working conditions
Labor unions would strike (work stoppages by union members as a form of protest)
Key labor unions included: National Labor Union Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) American Railway Union American Federation of Labor (founded by Samuel
Gompers) Knights of Labor
Immigration
Objectives 5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration
and rapid industrialization on urban life. 5.03 Assess the impact of labor unions on
industry and the lives of workers. 5.04 Describe the changing role of
government in economic and political affairs.
New Immigrants Assimilate Immigrants came to America to work in
factories They often faced culture shock,
confusion & anxiety resulting in becoming a part of a new culture that you do not understand
America became a melting pot, a mixture of different people and cultures who blend together and abandon their native language and culture
Immigration Stations Ellis Island, New York (Statue of
Liberty) was the inspection station for European immigrants
Angel Island, San Francisco, CA was the inspection station for Asian immigrants
In 1887, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed which banned entry of all Chinese immigrants, except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
Ellis Island –Oral HistoryName Age at
travelHome Country
Age at Interview
Location of Interview
Experiences
Urbanization
Urban Problems (pages 344-346)
Problems Causes- Explain the Problem
Solutions (Leave this blank we will
go over this)
1. Housing Shortages
2. Transportation
3. Water
4. Sanitation
5. Crime
6. Fire
Starter10/6
Urban Problems Problems Causes Solutions
1. Housing Shortages
So many people came to the cities with few housing options:
1. House of the outskirts of town- but, how would they get into the city for work?
2. Tenements that were crowded & unsanitary
NYC passed a law that set standards for plumbing and ventilation
2. Transportation
A large number of people needed to move within the city
Mass transit developed, such as street cars & electric subways
3. Water Need for safe drinking water as populations grew, because there was inadequate piped water or none at all; Diseases spread
Built public waterworks to handle more people; Filtration was introduced
Urban Problems Problems Causes Solutions
4. Sanitation Horse manure piles; sewage in open gutters; smoke from factories; no trash collection
Sewer lines & sanitation departments established
5. Crime Poverty led to crime such as pickpocketing and theft
Established police forces
6. Fire Limited water supply; Wooden dwelling; Use of candles & kerosene heaters posed fire hazards; Deadly fire in Chicago & after the San Francisco earthquake
Full time fire departments established; Automatic fire sprinklers invented; Replace wood buildings with brick, stone, and concrete
Urban Reforms A movement called the Social Gospel
preached salvation through service to the poor
Settlement houses were created, as community centers for people in urban areas, especially immigrants
Settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social services
Jane Addams Hull House, Chicago
The Gilded Age The time period from 1877-early
1900s is known as the “Gilded Age” Writer Mark Twain coined this term Gilded is something covered in a
thin layer of gold to make it look nice & shiny
This expression was used to imply that the time period appeared to be prosperous, but that appearance was just covering up the poverty and corruption of society
Political Machines A new power structure emerged in the
cities to take control, called political machines
The political machine was an unofficial entity that kept a certain political party in power
Political machines were headed by a “boss” who may or may not hold a political office himself
William “Boss” Tweed, Tammany HallBoss of the NYC Democratic Party
The Purpose of the Political Machines
Political machines provided services to the city, such as police & fire departments.
In exchange for votes, the political machines would provide jobs and other services for immigrants
Government Corruption Many political machines and
government officials became corrupt as their power grew.
Graft (using political influence for personal gain) & “kickbacks” (taking money from government construction projects) were common
Ex. Boss Tweed built a NYC Courthouse which actually cost $3 million, but the taxpayers were charged $13 million
The Progressive Movement
Homework:Due Tuesday
1. Fredrick Law Olmstead2. Orville & Wilbur Wright3. George Eastman4. Booker T. Washington5. W.E.B. Du Bois6. Ida B. Wells7. Poll tax8. Grandfather Clause9. Segregation10. Jim Crow laws11. Plessy v. Ferguson12. Joseph Pulitzer 13. William Randolph Hearst14. Mark Twain
15. Rural free delivery16. Prohibition17. Initiative18. Referendum19. Recall20. 17th Amendment21. Susan B. Anthony22. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle23. Square Deal24. Conservation25. NAACP26. Bull Moose Party27. Clayton Anti-trust Act28. Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Starter10/6
Take out urban Problem chart!
Life at the Turn of the Century
With industrialization came more time for leisure
Men enjoyed saloons as places to drink, socialize, and discuss politics
Women enjoyed cabarets and dance halls
Families attended amusement parks & vaudeville shows
City parks were popular and were designed to provide an outlet to city life
The Progressive MovementAs the 20th century began,
government officials and citizens called for reforms in business, politics, and society
The Progressive Movement was the time period in which massive industrial, political, and societal reforms took place
1. Ida Tarbell 2. Booker T. Washington 3. William H. Taft 4. muckrakers 5. Pure Food and Drug Act 6. 19th Amendment 7. Henry Ford 8. WEB Du Bois 9. 17th Amendment 10. Meat Inspection Act 11. NAACP 12. Robert La Follette 13. Mark Twain
14. Woodrow Wilson 15. Homer Plessy 16. Ida B. Wells 17. Florence Kelley 18. The Wright Brothers 19. Theodore Roosevelt 20. Fredrick Law Olmstead 21. Progressive Movement 22. Prohibition 23. Upton Sinclair 24. Susan B. Anthony 25. Jim Crow laws
Write down the name that matches your number and wait for further directions.
It’s Time to Play…
Who Am I?
Directions: You will be assigned a person or thing to
research and present in front of the class You will have 12 minutes to read about
your person/thing & write up your presentation
Your presentation should be NO MORE than 2/3 minutes
Your presentation must include: An introduction statement: “I am….” Some general significant facts about the person/thing Explanation of the significance of the person/thing to the
Progressive Era & U.S. History End with the statement: “Who am I?”
Muckrakers
Journalists exposed much of the government and industrial corruption
These journalists were called “muckrakers”
Homer
Plessy
Plessy v. Ferguson established “separate but equal” doctrine
Segregated facilities are legal as long as they are equal
19th Amendment
Women’s suffrage
NAACP
Founded by WEB DuBois
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People
19th Amendment
Women’s suffrage
Ida Tarbell
“Muckraker” journalist who revealed the abuses of the
Standard Oil Company
William H. Taft
Progressive President
George Eastman
Developed the Kodak camera
Made photography easy and a hobby
Henry Ford Invented the automobile
and the assembly line Model T came only in
black Paid his workers higher
wages so they could afford a car
Booker T.
Washington
Founder of Tuskegee Institute to train African Americans in vocational
skills
WEB DuBois
First African American to receive a PhD from Harvard
Believed African Americans should become professionals
Carrie Nation
Led the “anti-saloon” movement
Destroyed saloons with her hatchet
Woodrow Wilson
Progressive President
Ida B. Wells
Journalist who led the anti-lynching
campaign
Florence Kelley
Led reform to improve the condition of
working women & children
Wilbur & Orville Wright
First to fly
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive President
Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal
Response to corrupt business practices Promised workers they would receive “square deal” He would enforce progressive reforms
Conservation Natural resources not endless California’s Yosemite national Park 1903 50 wildlife sanctuaries Keep large tracts of federal land away from the public
Frederick Law Olmsted
Designed Central Park, New York City
Upton Sinclair
Wrote The Jungle, which exposed the horrific conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry
Regulation of Food and Drugs Upton Sinclair
The Jungle Exposes horrors in meat packing industry
Meat Inspection Act 1906 Roosevelt’s response to The Jungle Sent experts to investigate meat packing industry Government paid for inspections Did not have to date foods Could take inspectors to court to appeal
Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 Stopped sale of contaminated food and medicine Required honest labeling of products
Susan B. Anthony
Leader of the women’s suffrage
movement
Plessy v. Ferguson Ida Tarbell Booker T. Washington William H. Taft George Eastman muckrakers Pure Food and Drug Act 19th Amendment Henry Ford WEB Du Bois Clayton Anti-trust Act Meat Inspection Act Carrie Nation
Woodrow Wilson Bull Moose Party Ida B. Wells Florence Kelley The Wright Brothers Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Movement Prohibition Upton Sinclair Susan B. Anthony Jim Crow laws Square Deal Conservation
Starter: Monday, October 23 Create a BINGO card using the
words below. Put one word in each space: