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““The Great Communicator”The Great Communicator”How GIS Enables the Convergence of Disparate

Disciplines and Creates Synergy

Michael Cerkas, [email protected]

GIS – Geographic Information Systems

mailto:[email protected]



• IntroductionIntroduction• Language of GIS• Functional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – Redefined• Summary and Closing

GIS – Geographic Information Systems

GIS “Origins”GIS “Origins”

““The Great Communicator”The Great Communicator”

• Geospatial thinking has existed since prehistoric times

• Prehistoric man created ‘maps’ of representations of important events, places, items and times

• Pictures are primitive non-digital data systems

Did Cavemen “Start the Fire” ?



• Geography

• Adjacency

• Containment

• Distance

• Proximity

• Birds.Eye.View

Cholera Map of London, 1854, Dr. John Snow

Battle of Bull Run in Virginia, 1861



GIS

Multi…Multi… DisciplinaryDisciplinary

Sociology

History

Geography Cartography

Geometry

ComputerScience



GIS

Multi…Multi… DisciplinaryDisciplinary

ComputerScience

Geometry

CartographyGeography

Sociology

History

SYNERGYSYNERGYOfOf

GISGIS



GIS

Multi…Multi… DomainDomain

The Landscape…

• EnvironmentalEnvironmental

• UtilitiesUtilities

•BusinessBusiness

• SportsSports

• MilitaryMilitary

• RetailRetail

• • ConsumerConsumer

• • EducationEducation

• • EntertainmentEntertainment

Can you spell Ubiquitous?



GISMulti…Multi… DimensionalDimensional

• TemporalTemporal Scenarios

• Attribute DataData

• Graphical AnalysisAnalysis

• PatternPattern Recognition

• LayerLayer Analysis

• Digital Elevation ModelingModeling

• Data Relationship VisualizationVisualization

Is a VISUALVISUAL Beast!



GISMulti…Multi… DimensionalDimensional

So what stimulates more activity in your brain?

Text?Or Pictures and Text?



GISVisualVisual ToolTool

This is your data…

This is your data on GIS… Any questions?

Dept of Labor GrantDept of Labor Grant


Important Emerging High Growth Industries * Biotechnology * Geospatial Technology * Nanotechnology

Source: http://www.doleta.gov/BRG/JobTrainInitiative/

2005-20062005-2006



• Introduction• Language of GISLanguage of GIS• Functional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – Redefined• Summary and Closing

Language of GISLanguage of GIS


Fundamental Purpose Fundamental Purpose == Communication Communication

Think Fast…

• We use all our Senses

• We amazingly process text and pictures at roughly the same rate

• 83% of learning occurs via our sight

Association

• ColorColor

• Size• Proportion

• SHAPE

• Patterns

• Objects

Main Points:

AssociationAssociation Improves Retention & Recall Improves Retention & Recall



AssociationAssociation Improves Retention & Recall Improves Retention & Recall

Blanche Jefferson – “Teaching Art to Children” (1959)

“Graphics, images and drawings add an emotional emotional aspect to communicating and learning that makes the experience more personal.personal.”

People have a tendency to better remember things that are more personalpersonal…



AssociationAssociation involves involves REALREAL objects objects

• Telephone

• Mail

• Currency Exchange

• First Aid

• Lost & Found

Symbols or Pictures aid Retention and Comprehension via their increased mental

‘stickiness’



AssociationAssociation involves involves REALREAL objects objects

Graphic Description Textual Description

A curved line with every point equal distance from the center

(11 words total; short comprehension time)

(0 words, immediate comprehension)



““Visual Literacy”Visual Literacy”

Definition:Definition: The ability to interpret, use, appreciate and create images and video using both conventional and 21st Century media in ways that advance thinking, decision-making, communication and learning.

According to NCREL (North Central Regional Educational Laboratory)…

GISGIS is absolutely one of the most visible 21st Century mediums

__________________________




1. Visual Thinking

2. Visual Learning

3. Visual Communication




Dr. Lynell Burmark calls it Spatial/Visual Intelligence:

(“Learn to See, See to Learn”, 2002)

(The ability to think in pictures)(The ability to think in pictures)

• Can accelerate Comprehension 60,00060,000 times

• Increase Recall & Retention up to 40%40%

• Boost transfer of learning up to 80%80%

Research confirms: Combining visual images with text increases retention and enhances comprehension.

but entirely LEGAL!)




Geospatial Technology: It’s like that one secret family recipe…

1. Layer in your core GISGIS

2. Combine mass quantities of DataData

3. Mix in several ApplicationsApplications

4. Fold in PhotogrammetryPhotogrammetry

5. Add the InternetInternet

6. Blend in GPSGPS

7. Stir in Wireless CommunicationWireless Communication

(It’s like Communications on Steroids…



• Introduction• Language of GIS• Functional Nature of GISFunctional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – Redefined• Summary and Closing

Functional Nature of GISFunctional Nature of GIS


GIS ToolsGIS Tools

InternetInternet

Inherent Capability• Spatial Process

Modeling• Data Analysis• Layer Analysis• Decision Support• Data Integration• Simulation• Visual Analysis• Scalability• Extensibility

Hardware…

Data

Functional Nature of GISFunctional Nature of GIS


Geospatial Information Technology

Process Change and Improvement

Economic Outcome(Benefit)

The IT – Process – Productivity Relationship

* Thomas H Davenport – “Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology”

GIS creates SynergySynergy by:

• Concurrent view and analysis of data

• Visualization of data relationships, patterns and interaction

• What-If? Scenario capability

• Scalability

(1992)



• Introduction• Language of GIS• Functional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – Redefined• Summary and Closing


History has provided us notable “Great Communicators”


So, what really makes a Great Communicator?

Acknowledge your Potential Understand/Leverage the technology

Characteristics of Great Communicators and ‘Characteristics of Great Communicators and ‘EnablersEnablers’’

Individuals Technology



Organize Communication Include multiple data sources






Understand your audience Focus on processes & outcomes







Effectively deliver the message Incorporate Intuitive Visuals








Establish Trusting Relationships Use credible & relevant data









Be aware of your environment Align business with technology









Be aware of your environment Align business with technology

Solicit and Use Feedback Employ ‘What-If’ Scenarios




“Ever-increasing computing power, ease-of-use, creativity, and lower cost of entry have collectively empowered and liberated geospatial technology, much like the electronic spreadsheet had catapulted the software industry”

A few Geospatial ‘Truths’…

““Geospatial Technology is the newGeospatial Technology is the new VisiVisi-Calc of the business world”-Calc of the business world”


Multi-Disciplinary

Benefits and characteristics of Cartography, Geography, Geometry, Computer Science, Sociology and History integrate to create a result that is greater than the sum of its parts.

Blends Visual content with Data

Visual Literacy accelerates comprehension, retention and boosts transfer of learning

Multi-Dimensional results in enhanced problem solving, decision making and factor analysis

“Data Rich”, combining Data from many sources

+



• Introduction• Language of GIS• Functional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – RedefinedFuture – Redefined• Summary and Closing

Future - RedefinedFuture - Redefined

““What-If” Scenarios What-If” Scenarios == Multiple Future Outcomes Multiple Future Outcomes

• Elevate our Existence Elevate our Existence

• Communicate new Understanding

• Collaborate Collaborate to Solve Real Problems

• Learn new Cause/Effect Relationships

• Discover Significance of new Patterns

• Increase Experimentation & Research

• Expand the Body of Knowledge of existing Data

• Collapse Time and Space with Virtualization

• Improve the Quality of Life and Contribute to it

The Geospatial Time MachineThe Geospatial Time Machine


Examples of Newer Examples of Newer GeospatialGeospatial Niche Markets Niche Markets

Personal Automotive Navigation

Real-time Traffic Mapping

Location-based Search Engines

Emergency Response Disaster Management

Predictive Geospatial Intelligence

BIM (Building Information Modeling)

RFID Patient Monitoring

Geospatial-based Social Networking

Virtual Reality & 3D Gaming


And now, let’s stretch our minds a bit…And now, let’s stretch our minds a bit…

Auto Industry: What if vehicles could ‘remember’ where they’ve been and when? Like an etch-a-sketch, the collected data could be used for preventative maintenance and servicing. Historically, PM applications have focused on elapsed time and distance. Now, locationlocation and absolute timetime can be added to the formula. Product defects, recalls, intelligent maintenance and improved service could be better managed….



Legal landscape: Could product liability, lawsuits and resources be minimized by data collection that better identifies and describes product design, flaws, recalls, usage, etc.?



Financial markets: Record geographic components (where) in addition to not only when and how much people invest, to identify where the investing occurs as well as where the industries are that capital is being infused.



Utility industry: Visual Age Analysis of Facility and/or Material Infrastructure. Time-lapse layering of Installed or Damaged Facilities. Leak detection and Power loss/Outage data that is collected at the facility.



Healthcare/Medical industry: RFID-based data collection inside the human body to track blood flow, inter-relationships between muscles, organs, nerves, etc. Cause/effect data to substantiate study and theories of cures for medical conditions.

The future can and will be what we make it to be…



• Introduction• Language of GIS• Functional Nature of GIS• The ‘Great Communicator’• Future – Redefined• Summary and ClosingSummary and Closing

Summary and ClosingSummary and Closing• Geospatial concepts have existed for a long timelong time

• Visual thinking is a doorway toward enhanced enhanced communication communication among people

• GIS is a blend blend of several established disciplines

• The future is very brightvery bright for the technology as it continues to mature and grow in use

• The use of Geospatial Technology has permeated many many facetsfacets of our lives

• Like effective communicators, Geospatial Technology is an EnablerEnabler

• The possibilities are endless as GIS becomes fused fused withwith other technologies

Summary and ClosingSummary and Closing• Life is the result of InteractionsInteractions between people, places, things and events

• Similarly, Geospatial Technology yields LearningLearning and knowledge through its use

• We use that knowledge to support DecisionsDecisions and ActionAction

• GIS manifests itself as a ResponsibilityResponsibility and as an InvitationInvitation for us to learn

• We have an OpportunityOpportunity to make a DifferenceDifference

• We create our own FutureFuture

Summary and ClosingSummary and Closing धन्यवा�द

GIS… for a better world[No Animals Were Harmed in the Making of this Presentation]