The field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline. NCBI, Aug 2001
BIOINFORMATICS
BIOLOGY
COMPUTERSCIENCE
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
Bioinformatics – a Definition
Biology in the 21st century is being transformed from a purely lab-based science to an information science as well.
Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge to form a single discipline.
www.genomics.org.cn:8080/bgi/bgilt/ images/bioinformatics.jp
Computer Programming 50 yrs ago DNA & Protein Structure
Personal Computers/ Internet 20 yrs ago PCR
w.w.w. Last 10 yrs Human Genome Project
All fields use computers Now Global Biological (art, law, communication) Research
Growth of Bioinformatics
Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Genomics and Its Impact on Medicine and Society: A 2001 Primer, 2001
Gene a b c d e
Art by Yelena Ponirovskaya
…ATGGCCCTGTGGATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTG…..
DNA base sequence recipe for amino acids
Met: Ala: Leu: Trp: Met: Arg: Leu: Leu: Pro: Leu: Amino acid sequence = protein = trait
Data mining requires a testable hypothesis generated with regard to the function or structure of a gene or protein by identifying similar sequences in better characterized organisms.
To help in uncovering phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns.
www.tigr.org
Why use Bioinformatics?
ATGCATTTCGGTTTACGCCATATAGCTCGGGAATCATGCATCGATCGAGTAGCTAGCTAG
PNSADADNDFEDRLRAGLCDHDKEVQGLQVRCAVUEEHMHKKQQEFENIRLDAQRLEFFAYIFQKEHMKR
DNA ProteinModel organisms
TGT AAT AGT TAT ATT TTCATT ATA AAT TGT GTT TGT AGA CAT CAT AAA TTT AAAACA TGG CTT TTT AAC CTGATA AAT CCT ACG AAT ATTTGT AAT AGT TAT GTT ATTGCA GTA AGT ACC GTT TGT ATT ATA AAT TGT GTT CTG
TGT AAT AGT TAT ATT TTCATT ATA AAT TGT GTT TGT AGA CAT CAT AAA TTT AAAACA TGG CTT TTT AAC CTGATA AAT CCT ACG AAT ATTTGT AAT AGT TAT GTT ATTGCA GTA AGT ACC GTT TGT ATT ATA AAT TGT GTT CTG
What is Bioinformatics?
Which genes are turned off then on ?Courtesy of Dr. Young Moo Lee UC Davis
What’s in a name?
SequenceAnalysis
DatabaseHomologySearching
MultipleSequence
Alignment
HomologyModelingDocking
ProteinAnalysis
Proteomics
3DModeling
SampleRegistration &
TrackingIntegrated
DataRepositories
CommonVisual
Interfaces
IntellectualPropertyAuditing
Bio Informatics
GenomeMapping
Illustration from SWBIC's Bioinformatics: Molecular Biology and Computational Science workshop held October 21-23, 1999. http://www.swbic.org
Set of tools for all areas of science
Genetic Blueprints
Human Genome Project
DNA Sequencing
DNA Fingerprinting
DNA Protein interaction
What is Bioinformatics? N. M. Luscombe, et al. Yale University Method Inform Med 4/2001
Fictitious Biotechnology Company
Onconomics Corporationhttp://www.bscs.org/onco/default.htm
Sequencing ProjectsExternal LinksGlossary
From nonprofit BSCS Biological Sciences Curriculum Study
Onconomics Corporation
Onconomics Corporation
Employment Opportunities at Onconomics Corporation
Bioinformatics Technician – responsible for creation and use of software for the display and manipulation of data for genome sequencing projects. Position requires a Bachelor’s degree in molecular biology and experience with PERL and Java programming languages. Salary to $45,000 with excellent benefits.
Bioinformatics Analyst – responsible for supporting the company’s gene indices of sequencing projects. Position requires a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in the biological sciences. Familiarity with SQL language, Unix, PERL and programming tools preferred. Salary to $55,000 with excellent benefits.
Bioinformatics Scientist – responsible for creating and applying new software for the development of new drugs. Requires a Ph.D. in molecular biology or related field, as well as an advanced degree in Information Technology. Salary to $100,000 with excellent benefits
Sample ElectropherogramsNormal Sequence:
Heterozygous Base:
Unreadable Region:
Onconomics Corporation
Visualization in Science
NCBI Problem Setshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/FieldGuide/problem_set.html
The last known Tasmanian tiger died in the Hobart Zoo in 1936.
DNA sequences have been obtained from museum specimens.
How many DNA and protein sequences are there? What genes were cloned?
There are a number of sequences for extinct organisms in the NCBI
databases. Visit the list of extinct taxa in the Taxonomy Browser pages.
http://www.swbic.org/products/clipart/clipart.php