The Evidence Debate for Behavioural Interventions for Autism
Fennell, B., & Dillenburger, K. (2014). The Evidence Debate for Behavioural Interventions for Autism.International Research in Education, 2(2). DOI: 10.5296/ire.v2i2.4989
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burger, 201y. In this ures that arerete trial tean the debate
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ent focal popport individ
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lies at the roervention m1), when acase, ABAe based in Aaching (DTes in the aut
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iples have btury before arly behavito a diagnoegarded as positive reinf a previoun a new behniques to rted impres
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pectrum disoffect all lear
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oduct of theapplied be
007). It is iedical as wautism spect
e of effectivhevlin, 2006
alytic literatuf behaviour
scientific miours that pDowell, 200
miliar with itorders (ASDrners (Dillen
erroneous caASD. In facthing categoarching catas picture nd of miscaention ‘wars
ntions in A
ered and exied to humaventions wetal illness odeliberate a(e.g. a sweeponsive patyllon and Mappropriate s. Some resed with autiwith a focu
et dispenser
In
ation of thehaviours, waented througcholarly woe early expehaviour anin recent y
well as eductrum disord
ve education6; National ure has beeanalysis (C
methods of prevent ind00). While ts history ofD) rather thnburger & K
ategorizatiot, this is a cory is viewtegory) is sexchange categorizatios’ (Maurice
ASD
xplored in than behaviouere applied or intellectuapplication etened milktient and th
Michael (19behaviours
search durinism, for exus on functi
to reinforc
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changing bdividuals fro
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on of ABA icharacteristiwed as partset side-by-ommunicat
on of ABA , 2003).
he laboratoryur in naturalto research
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f behaviour ined by Baeiewed journn, Vogel, & work of be
w a rich hiever, that Abate with rean, 2012).
students to r Special Edce its incept, 2007) andbehaviours om being ie predates ed it as a mication of s09).
is that it is wic category t of a low-side with tion system has become
ry since the l contexts (D subjects wies. Fuller’soural princto increase towed that estaff nurse
ts in a psyrly period wster (1961) sis, and Ferpressing be
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analysis er, Wolf, nals (e.g.
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ABA has egard to
the fore ducation, tion that
d as such that are
included Skinner ethod of cientific
wrongly mistake
wer level specific (PECS)
e one of
late 19th Dixon et
who were s (1949) ciples to the right
even this es to use ychiatric was also offers a
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gh predatedir applicatig, to youngoural intervchin, Smith,hildren weraviour analyn, Jones, & M
vaas et al.’ste intervent
or no recoormation hame as ABA (
ased procedlleagues (1
pants with riate commD in a schotual disabil & Paclawschool-aged US states) od Dudes per modelin
g health outunities incluhers with AS
e of the ree, more detly, researchubgroup meve/ expressi
me-Based A
early days mbased prograabsence of programmesburger, 201
with autindividuals w
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g people wivention with, & Lovaas,e teenagers
ysis, LovaasMurray, 199
s (1987/ 199tion system ognition of s led to a pDillenburge
dures have b982) conduintellectual
munication sool setting. ities includ
skyj, 1999).children h
in an effortprogramme
ng, to improtcomes. Thiuding typicaSD.
ecent increaetailed desh reports tyembership aive language
ABA and Par
most applicaammes withstate recogns are still p1). Reports
sm to showith autism.
rlier researchspecific be
th ASD. Thh young ch, 1993) indi and adultss’ name bec98).
93) studies designed fo
f their baspublic perceer & Keenan
been develoucted funct
disabilitieskills to redIn the paste individua A highly s
has been adt to combat
uses behavove dietaryis programmally develop
ased focus scriptions oypically incand functione; O’Reilly
rent Advoca
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ow that l
h, Lovaas eehaviour anhe study shhildren on ticated the lo. For many came synon
have often or applicatiosis in appleption that Ln, 2009).
oped for mational analys (ID), wh
duce challent, many stu
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vioural techy behaviourme is impleping individ
on ASD, aof participaclude informnal abilitieset al., 2010
acy
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any other poysis on thehile Carr annging behavudies that idD among thprogrammeseveral couhildhood obhniques, incrs in childr
emented sucduals, child
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ople with aners (Keenaof behaviound, both noome interven
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opulations. Fe self-injurind Durand viours of adentify parthe subjects
introducinguntries (e.g.esity rates (cluding posren with thccessfully adren with le
er to make ASD haverding ASD
evel, adaptiv
utism were an, Kerr, & Dural intervenorth and sontions imple
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possible ev
most of the a, i.e., discrs of early inA follow-u
e of the gainscientific dierventions f
s an evaluatD (Jones, 20
sis. This ovaas Progra
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(1985) rea group of rticipants as(Matson, B
ng healthy e. UK, Irela(Horne et alsitive reinfohe aim to across wholeearning disa
replicatione been intr
D diagnosticve behavior
conducted Dillenburgentions, homouth of theemented by
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ven for
attention rete trial ntensive p report ns when iscipline for ASD
tion of a 02) with kind of amme is
le, Iwata iours of inforced students
s having Bamburg, eating to and, and ., 2008).
orcement improve e-school abilities,
n studies roduced. c criteria r scores,
through er, 2000).
me-based e border y parents
are ple(1994), behavioautism a
In fact, cause oautism Facebooautism (Mauric
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ntiful (Dillthe mothe
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parental ador policy’ (awareness.ok, Twitter)awareness
ce, 1994).
advocacy foon of servic
vide ABA-brn Ireland (s of parent aonal interve
Support for
as the receng for behaviased servicased methon General th
Thirty yearreducing inappropriate
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ence of beha
ition to thece reform ntions for Antions for Aistrators of Sy features omme evaluntiated as eice for Chil
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lenburger, Ker of two cention carrion in mains
dvocacy, de(Oxford Dic Through o) parental a, demandin
or behaviouces, against based servic(Keenan et advocacy to ention for au
r ABA
nt legislatioioural interves (Autism
ods. Officiahat states:
rs of researnappropriate social beha
expands oe use of funed educatioaviour.
support oflaws, oth
ASD. The SASD as a mService for
of ABA sucuation basffective basldren with D
ate Departm
Keenan, Gachildren died out in thtream schoo
efined as ‘pctionary, 20organized sadvocacy hang evidenc
ur interventithe backdro
ces for childal., 2000) abring abou
utism is now
on in mostventions bySpeaks, 20
al US gove
rch demonste behavioravior (US S
on earlier fnctional behon; methodo
f the US Fer initiativtate of Maieans of deteChildren w
ch as the used on dased on the sDisabilities,
ment of Hea
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allagher, & iagnosed whe home thaoling witho
public suppo005), has bsupport grouas become ice-based ef
ions has beop of reluctdren with Aand the Reput the recognwhere more
t States of y requiring 013), there iernment sup
strate the efr and in inSurgeon Gen
federal leghavioural asologies wit
Federal Govves also adine conveneermining ap
with Disabilitse of observata evidenscope and q2000).
alth (1999) a
In
McElhinnewith severe at resulted inut additiona
ort for or rebecome a mups and, ininstrumentaffective int
een essentiatance of govASD in thepublic of Irnition of ABe evident tha
the US hainsurance cis a long hipport is evi
fficacy of ancreasing cneral, 1999,
islation (Ussessment ah their foun
vernment andd to the ed a task forppropriate Sties, 2000). vable goals
nce, declarquality of re
also recomm
nternational R
ey, 2004). ASD, reco
n her childral supports.
ecommendamajor contrincreasingly, al at the graterventions,
l in the grovernments a
e US (Mulicreland (O'SuBA as an eman in the US
as dramaticcarriers to pstory of supident in the
applied behcommunicat, p. 164).
nited Statesand positivendations fir
nd individuendorseme
rce to evaluState policyThe task fo
s, reliable dred behaviesearch’ (Ma
mended inte
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Catherine ounts the inren’s recove
ation of a pibutor to insocial med
ass roots for, and lega
owth of ABAand school ck & Butterullivan, 201
mpirically suS.
cally improprovide covpport in thee report of
havioral mettion, learni
s Congresse behaviour rmly establ
uals States ent of behuate the eduy in the areaorce, citing data collectiioral intervaine Admin
erventions f
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Maurice ntensive ery from
articular ncreased dia (e.g. r raising
al rights
A-based systems r, 2002), 10). The upported
oved the erage of e US for f the US
thods in ing, and
s, 1997), support
ished in
through havioural ucational a (Maine some of ion, and ventions
nistrators
for ASD
should expert gbehavioKasari, Lovaas/intervenThese pfrom th& Canafor the p
4. Evid
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his review. Tada) are ampeople with
denced Base
rm ‘evidenfically basedion No Chesearch as:
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the researcized, includ
mized controcation has sors (U.S. Deov & Shea,
ehensive syall relevan
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fic evidence
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Title IX, Se
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ystematic lint research s, have beeting of ‘estathis category
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perimental R
ducational id trials (RC
ue to sufficih US Goveere supportee researcheons that wxchange co
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iterature remethodologn generallyablished’ toy were derivon RCTs cothose based
ected that tASD, the con
2013) rathly focuses 2012) rathe
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interventionCT) and Sin
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analytic inources, this
single-systeing materialn, 2014) but
eviews of Agies, e.g. si
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ommonly repd on ABA (N
these reviewntradictory her than cla
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ws would sresults havearify substaperimental
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offers two m Experime
nternational R
ch evidencech grants, aglione, Ganory error oest rating w; Early Sta
ngle subjectUSA) and Ae of ABA-b
h of the re& Cicchettit, 2001) de
s, systematvant to educ
ns for ASDoxically stath designs. Tg effective p
not included
interventiom designs, onal Standaions and nof behaviourcient scientiesearch Cou
imply docue muddied tantiated pramethodolog
ctiveness of
distinct expental Design
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e. An interalso concluns, Das, Timof using thwere ABA
art Denver t research eAutism Spebased interv
recent literai, 2008). In efines scien
atic, and ocation activi
D has beentes a preferThe US Deppractices fo
d ASD interv
ons for ASmeta-analyards Projecoted that allr analysis. Hific evidenc
uncil, 2001)
ument the sthe waters (actices. Thegies considf the interve
perimental n (SSED). R
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rnational ded that mbie, & he term
A -based Model).
evidence eaks (US ventions
ature on fact, US
ntifically
objective ities and
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SD, that yses, and t (2009) but one
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cientific (Matson, e debate dered as ention.
designs: Random
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mental desigols on indived prior to tbaseline levnced and e (A) and trsh experimep improvedxperiments.nce statisticrgroup com
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ducation. contend
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nd educatioof ABA as behaviourae UK Natiosupport of
hat this state
of an opereclecticism
ased in ABAABA researl., 2014; Shn meta-anaan, 2014).
is in the larger, 2011). HSED is advracteristics ns. Anothergroup treatmounavi & D
ASD who pr08; Johnstone attributesing children
f criteria foa set of rubragues (2010
ehavior analvidencing ef(Keenan & and abilitiesmethodolog
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