The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Unit XVIII Romantic Program Music
“The painter turns a poem into a painting; the musician sets a picture.”
—Robert Schumann
Schumann: “Die Soldatenbraut”
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
47. The Nature of Program Music
• Program music vs. absolute music
Berlioz: “Witches’ Sabbath”
Brahms: Symphony No. 1, IV
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Varieties of Program Music
• Four main types of program music: Concert overtureIncidental musicProgram symphonySymphonic poem / tone poem
Mendelssohn: A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique, IV
Smetana: The Moldau
Tchaikovsky: 1812 Overture
Tchaikovsky Mendelssohn Berlioz Smetana
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
49. Berlioz and the Program Symphony
• Hector Berlioz (1803–1869)• French composer and conductor• Paris and “young France”• Beethoven and Shakespeare• Harriet Smithson• Prix de Rome
Harriet Smithson
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Berlioz’s Music
• Favored program music• Instrumental music: program symphonies,
concert overtures• Vocal music: operas, sacred works• Huge forces• Orchestration• “The creator of the modern orchestra”
“Generally speaking, my style is very bold… the prevailing characteristics of my music are passionate expression, intense ardor, rhythmical animations, and unexpected turns.”
—Hector Berlioz
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Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique
• Program symphony• Based on his personal life
“To render my works properly requires a combination of extreme precision and irresistible verve, a regulated vehemence, a dreamy tenderness, and an almost morbid melancholy.”
—Hector Berlioz
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Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique (Listening Guide) Listening Guide PDF
• 5 movements- idée fixe
I. Reveries, PassionsII. A BallIII. Scene in the FieldsIV. March to the Scaffold
– GuillotineV. Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath
– Dies irae
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
51. Musical Nationalism
• Inclusion of folk dance
• Reference to folklore or peasant life
• Programs: national hero, historic event, scenic beauty of land
• Censorship
• Powerful symbolism
Liszt: Hungarian Rhapsody, No. 2
Smetana: The Moldau
Smetana: Furiant
Liszt Smetana
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A Czech Nationalist: Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884)
• Bohemian composer
• Early music studies in Prague
• Cycle of symphonic poems My Country (Má vlast)
• Health declined (syphilis), grew deaf
Smetana: Furiant from The Bartered Bride
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Smetana: The Moldau (Listening Guide)
• Second of the symphonic poems from My Country
• River Moldau (Vlatava)
• Music suggests scenes along the shore of the river
Listening Guide PDF
Smetana: The Moldau (ending)
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Other Nationalists
Spain• Isaac Albeniz• Enrique Granados• Manuel de Falla
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Other Nationalists
England• Edward Elgar• Frederick Delius
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Other Nationalists
Antonin Dvořák, Czech
Dvořák: Symphony No. 9 in e
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Other Nationalists
Edvard Grieg, Norway
Grieg: Peer Gynt Suite
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Other Nationalists
Jean Sibelius, Finland
Sibelius: Finlandia
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Other Nationalists Russia• Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka
“The Mighty Five”• Mily Balakirev• Alexander Borodin• Cesar Cui• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov• Modest Musorgsky
Borodin: Polovetsian Dances
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Other Nationalists Russia• Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka
“The Mighty Five”• Mily Balakirev• Alexander Borodin• Cesar Cui• Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov• Modest Musorgsky
Antonin Dvořák, Czech
England• Edward Elgar• Frederick Delius
Spain• Isaac Albeniz• Enrique Granados• Manuel de Falla
Edvard Grieg, Norway
Jean Sibelius, Finland
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