The Elements of Design
Chapter 16
Space
The 3-D expanse that a designer is working with, as well as the area around or between objects within that expanse
Designers must consider the size of the overall design space and the arrangement of objects within that space
Size of Space
Large, open spaces can give a feeling of freedomLarge spaces with high ceilings and elaborate designs can convey a feeling of luxuryToo much empty space can make a person feel lonely and uncomfortable
Small spaces can make people feel confined or crowded
Well designed small spaces can make people feel snug & secure; gives a sense of privacy & intimacy
Use of Space Examples
Arrangement of Space
You have 2 choices with space: fill it or leave it empty
When space is limited, limit the number of furnishings to keep as much space open as possible Select furniture that can serve more than one
purpose Select plain furniture
When space is very large, you can physically divide it with permanent or temporary room dividers Arrange furniture in small clusters, use folding screens
Line
Delineates space, outlines form, and conveys a sense of movement or direction Delineates space when lines intersect to create 2-D
planes (marking edges of a wall) Outlines form with the outer edges of an object Conveys movement and direction by the outlines of
objects, by lines formed by groups of objects, and lines that make up fabric and wallpaper patterns
Lines are either straight or curved and placed in a direction
Creating Effects with Line
Separate or unify space
The illusion of increased height
The illusion of width
Conveying feelings with Line
Horizontal lines suggest rest
Vertical lines suggest action
Diagonal or zigzag lines convey excitement and movement
Circles, curves, and ovals are usually perceived as more natural and free than straight lines
Too many lines can lead to continuous eye movement, which causes feelings of tiredness & frustration
Visual Effects Using Line
Use of line in Design
Form
The shape and structure of solid objects
Large, heavy objects give a feeling of stability, as does long, low tables
When the bottom of an object is too small in proportion to the top, it gives the appearance of instability
Harmonious design – a design in which every item fits well with the others; it is important that forms of furniture harmonize with each other
Form in design
Texture
The appearance or feel of a surface
Plush carpet & furniture provide a sense of comfort
Nubby, rough materials convey ruggedness & stability
Velvets & brocades suggest luxury
Glass, metal & stone give a feeling of coolness
Texture can add variety & interest to a room
Texture affects the way light reflects off of objects and therefore affects the perceived color of an object
Texture examples
Texture & Variety