THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Prepared by:MARICARR D. ALEGRE
FOOD
- any substance which when absorbed into your body tissues, yields materials for the production of energy
DIGESTION -the process of reducing food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the body
Types of Digestion
Mechanical Phase- process which food is acted
upon physically or mechanically
- means grinding, cutting and mashing large bits of food into fine mixture
Types of Digestion
Chemical Phase- it needs actions of
digestive enzymes into more soluble form
Your digestive tracts or food tube consist of the following: (1) mouth (2) esophagus (3) stomach (4) small intestine (5) large intestine (6) anus
The accessory organs are (1) salivary glands (2) pancreas (3) liver (4) gallbladder
Digestion from the Mouth
Digestion from the Mouth Saliva – lubricates the food and
secretes an enzyme, ptyalin or salivary amylase, that convert starch to maltose
3 Salivary GlandsParotid glandsSubmaxillary glandsSublingual glands
Digestion from the Mouth
Tongue – pushes the food to the back of your mouth
Bolus – a soft, mass of rounded ball of food that is being chewed
Digestion in the Esophagus
Pharynx – an alimentary canal where food goes down after the digestion in the mouth
Epiglottis- a flap of tissue that closes over the trachea to prevent the food from entering
Digestion in the Esophagus
Esophagus – carries the food down the stomach
Peristalsis – a rhythmic, wavelike
muscular action that pushes the food downward
Digestion in the Stomach
Stomach – a large J-shape organ found at the end of the esophagus
- contraction of the muscles of the stomach causes the churning, squeezing and twisting effect
- it where partial digestion of food happens
Digestion in the Stomach
Digestion in the Stomach
Cardiac spincter – closes and opens to allow the flow of food from the esophagus to the stomach
Pepsin – enzymes secreted in the stomach that breaks down the protein
Digestion in the Stomach
Pyloric valve or spincter – opens and closes to allow the food getting in the small intestine
Chyme – partial product retained in the stomach before transferring into the small intestine
Digestion in the Small Intestine
3 Major Parts1. duodenum – upper 20 cm
2. jejunum – 2.5 meters long
3. ileum – longest half coiled into the abdominal cavity
Digestion in the Small Intestine
It is where the final digestion and absorption of food take place
Digestion in the Small Intestine
Villi – small fingerlike projection in the lining of the small intestine that is used in absorption
Maltase – enzymes that break down maltose into glucose
PANCREAS
Pancreas – a digestive gland that serves 2 functions:
1. secrete hormones that regulate blood glucose
2. and secretes pancreatic juice that nutralizes the acid in the stomach
LIVER
LIVER AND BILE
The liver is the largest gland in your body that carries the gall bladder
Gall bladder – Produces a blue green fluid called bile
GALL BLADDER
LARGE INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
Undigested food goes down into the large intestine
It is where the absorption of water is happen
It is also called as colon
FECES – remaining food material
RECTUM AND ANUS
RECTUM AND ANUS
Rectum – 20 to 30 cm
- a muscular cavity where feces is temporarily stored
Anus – end of the alimentary canal
How can we take care of our digestive system?
How can we take care of our digestive system?
step1: Eat right, consume protein, carbohydrates in right amount and make sure you get plenty of fiber. Eat on right time schedule.
step2: Drink plenty of water and avoid sugary drinks or those that contain caffeine. Limit alcohol drinks to 2 times a day.
step3: Exercise. Moving around helps things move along
step4: Be alert problems that don't go away. Symptoms such as heartburn, constipation and stomach upset can be caused by as serious as cancer. If you've been suffering for more than a couple of weeks, see your doctor.
step5: Get scheduled tests. your doctor will tell you when you need to have regular colonoscopy to find and remove precancerous polyps. If your doctor recommend you other tests, get those as well.
step6: Quit smoking!!! Among the many reasons to quit smoking, it contributes digestive problems such as heartburn, ulcers, and gallstones.