THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
THE CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR 1. Write down 5 causes of the civil war.
Page 154 in textbook 2. Turn to a partner and compare lists.
Compile a list on 5 causes of the war.
SECTIONALISM
STATES VS. FEDERAL RIGHTS
SLAVERY – SLAVE STATES VS. NONSLAVE STATES
ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT
ELECTION OF ABE LINCOLN
THE ELECTION OF 1860 Abraham Lincoln nominated by Republicans Aimed to keep slavery from spreading, but
he would not “interfere with their slaves, or with them, about their slaves.”
Other candidates: Stephen Douglas nominated by Northern
Democrats (popular sovereignty) John C. Breckenridge nominated by Southern
Democrats (Dred Scott decision) Lincoln wins even though he received no
electoral votes and loses the popular vote in the south
FORT SUMTER Northern Fort in
Southern Territory The North didn’t
want to fight for the fort, but didn’t want to surrender it
Sent in non military supplies to the fort
South attacks the fort, and it goes into southern control
THE OUTBREAK OF WAR! After the Election of President Lincoln as the
16th President of America, Seven states left the UnionSouth Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana, Texas After Fort Sumter, the gears of war were set
and the Civil war was underway
THE FORMING OF THE CONFEDERACY The seven states met in Montgomery,
Alabama to form the Confederacy. Drafted their own constitution that
“protected and recognized” slavery in the new territories.
Jefferson Davis elected as presidents.
ADVANTAGES FOR THE NORTH AND SOUTH
Both sides gathered up the supplies they had and called for volunteers.The north originally called for 75,000 menThat number would go to upwards of 2.1 million
men The south however only peaked at 1.1 million men
to fight during the civil war
THE UNITED STATES RESOURCE MAP
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100
UnionConfederacy
ADVANTAGES FOR BOTH SIDES
North South
A Larger population meant that the North was going to be able to produce and have a constant supply of troops
During the secession a majority of military officers choose to side with the south (Robert E. Lee)
Ability to move large amount of supplies from point A to point B through Railroads
A knowledge of the landscape the war was going to take place on
A surplus of money and a strong credit with banks in the north
Ability to produce surpluses of food for their troops
A strong navy that could help squeeze the south from supplies
Cotton?
WINFIELD SCOOTS ANACONDA PLAN General in Chief of the U.S Winfield Scoot
proposed a strategy for defeating the south which involved blockading the Mississippi river and coastal ports of Confederate states.
He was aware that it would prolong the war, but he believed that the war would have less bloodshed if they acted on this plan
SOUTHERN STRATEGY The President of the Confederate States,
Jefferson Davis, imagined a scenario similar to the revolutionary war.
By attacking key positions and retreating, they would be able to minimize casualties and break the north's will and lead to negotiations.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES New Rifles - could shoot straighter and faster
Iron plated navel ships – changed naval warfare
Advancement in warfare – the idea of using trenches and walls
Railroads- the ability to move troops and supplies from point A to point B changed the pace of the war
Medical advancements – new methods for treating wounds
http://www.history.com/videos/civil-war-tech#civil-war-tech
KEY FIGURES OF THE WAR FOR THE NORTH Abraham Lincoln –16th president of the United
States Although the focus of the war shifted to
slavery, his original goal was to preserve the union
ULYSSES S. GRANT
Key military general for the Union Armies Would ultimately win the civil war for the
north. West Point Grad. Most successful Union General
PROMINENT SOUTHERN FIGURES
JEFFERSON DAVIS“ our present condition..illustrates the American idea that governments rest upon the consent of the governed, and that it is the right of people to alter or abolish governments whenever they become destructive to the ends for which they were established.”
Davis, 1861
The only president of the Confederate states of AmericaBorn in Christian Co. Kentucky
ROBERT E. LEE The top graduate from WestPoint Was actually pro-union The most prominent and successful
Confederate general
“It is good that war is so horrible, or we might grow to like it.”
THE AFTERMATHLincoln used this as an opportunity to release his newest bill, the Emancipation Proclamation. Signed 9/22/1862
Was this a pre-cursor to the 13th amendment?
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Went into effect January 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in the rebel states, the
Confederate states did not cooperate…
The Proclamation did not compensate the owners, did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens
THE PROCLAMATION Did the Proclamation free all of the slaves?
How did the southerners react to this action?
How did the reaction affect the views of other nations such as Europe?
How important was the document?
THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE For the first time in American History, all
slaves were to be “free” However, they were expected to serve
in the union forces What does this make you think about the
purpose behind Lincoln signing the proclamation? Is the transition into service smooth for the A.A.?
Tensions even in the north were high, many Americans thought they would lose their jobs to the freed men.
THE BLACK SOLDIER 179K A.A served in the civil war40K would be killed30K of those deaths were due to illness and infection
54TH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY One of the first all black units to
see extensive action during the war
Lead by Robert Gould Shaw The regiment's first battlefield
action took place on James Island, South Carolina.The regiment stopped a Confederate assault, losing 42 men in the process
III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS Battle of Gettysburg-July 1-3, 1863 – in PA-turning point in the war -largest battle ever fought in N.A. – Union
had 88,000 - Conf. had 75,000
July 1 – Conf. soldiers looking for supplies (esp. shoes) met Union soldiers in Gettysburg – both sides took positions outside of town
III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNSJuly 2 – day of movement and positioning –
Lee ordered Gen. James Longstreet to attack the southern Union line (Little Round Top) – attack failed
III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNSJuly 3 – Lee decided to attack the Union
center – Longstreet opposed – after 2 hrs. of artillery fire the South attacked-Gen. George Pickett org. 12,500 troops to march across the 1-mile-long wide open field towards Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge)-complete disaster for Conf. – only ½ returned
III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS-Union victory-Casualties: Union – 23,000
Conf. – 28,000
Result:1) bloodiest battle of the war 2) Lee blamed himself and retreated back
to VA – lost 1/3 of his army
III. THE TIDE OF THE WAR TURNS Gettysburg Address (Nov. 19, 1863) – 15,000
met at the cemetery to honor the Union dead – Edward Everette gave a 2 hr. speech – Lincoln then gave a 2 min. speech
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”
FINAL DAYS OF THE WAR Election of 1864
Abe Lincoln was elected again by votesTook this as approval for his war strategy and
political stances on slavery With the aid of opposing democrats, Lincoln
passed the 13th Amendment on Jan. 31st 1865
SURRENDER Union Calvary blocked Lee’s retreat in
Appomattox Lee was forced to surrender
“There is nothing to do but to go see grant, and I would rather die a thousand times”
Lee surrendered on April 9th, 1865
TERMS OF SURRENDER Grant guaranteed that no rebel soldier would
be trialed for treason
Grant also allowed all the soldiers to take…Their horses…back homeWhy would they do that?
BY THE NUMBERS The civil war accounted for 620,000 American
deaths
620,000 DEATHS Would be the equivalent of everyone in the
city of Boston Massachusetts (617K)Seattle Washington (608K)Nashville (601K) Louisville (597K)
Disappearing in a span of 5 years This is Bowling Green’s Population 10 times over
DEATH OF LINCOLN On April 14th, 1865—Lincoln went with his wife
to see a play John Wilkes Booth slipped behind the
president and shot him at point blank range in the back of the head
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY