For Official Use Only
NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC)
NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC)
Dr. Anthony J. TetherDARPA Director
Director, Tony TetherDeputy Director, Bob Leheny
DARPA Organization
Tactical TechnologySteve WelbySteve Walker
Air/Space/Land/Sea PlatformsUnmanned SystemsSpace Operations
Laser SystemsPrecision Strike
Information ExploitationBob Tenney
Sensors
Exploitation Systems
Command & Control
Strategic TechnologyDave Honey
Larry Stotts/Brian PierceSpace Sensors/Structures
Strategic & Tactical NetworksInformation Assurance
Underground Facility Detection& CharacterizationChem/Bio Defense
Maritime Operations
Information Processing TechnologyCharlie HollandBarbara Yoon
Cognitive SystemsComputational – PerceptionRepresentation & Reasoning
LearningNatural Communication
Microsystems TechnologyJohn ZolperDean Collins
ElectronicsPhotonics
MEMSAlgorithms
Integrated Microsystems
Defense SciencesSteve WaxBrett Giroir
Physical SciencesMaterialsBiology
MathematicsHuman EffectivenessBio Warfare Defense
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
NEAR MID FAR
Scie
nce
& T
echn
olog
y $
(FY0
6)DARPA Role in Science and Technology
10B -
5B -
0 -
Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention
Science and Technology
Programs for the Armed Services
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
NEAR MID FAR
Scie
nce
& T
echn
olog
y $
(FY0
6)
DARPA
DARPA Role in Science and Technology
10B -
5B -
0 -
Fundamental Research, Leading Edge Discovery, System Concept Invention
Science and Technology
Programs for the Armed Services
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
FY94
FY95
FY96
FY97
FY98
FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
DARPA Basic Research Funding ($B)Budget Activity 6.1 (“University” funding)
Unfettered “university-like” science research without specific applications in mind
Bill
ions
($)
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
FY94
FY95
FY96
FY97
FY98
FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
DARPA Budget ($B)
Fiscal Year
Bill
ions
($)
Note: Amounts reflected are appropriated fundsDistribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DoD S&T Budgets and DARPA Budget ($B)Total of all 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 budget activities
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
FY95
FY96
FY97
FY98
FY99
FY00
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
DARPA’s Budget
Bill
ions
($)
DoD PB Request
DoD Appropriated
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Autonomous Ground Vehicles
GroundSurveillance
Radar
DARPA Accomplishments
LSTAT
Speech Recognition
SATURN
Assault Breaker
ARPANET
JSTARS
MIMIC
TALON GOLD
Mobile Robots
JSF Engine
X-45
Command Post of the Future
MEMS
Pegasus LaunchVehicle
Global Hawk
DARPASAT
VELA Hotel
ALTAIR
Mouse
GPS
ATACMS
Sea Shadow
Stealth
Fighter
Center forMonitoring Research
M-16
Uncooled IR
Exoskeleton
Phraselator
1980
2000
1960
1970
Predator
SUO SASSUO SAS
1990 Advanced Cruise Missile
BAT
Taurus Launch Vehicle
Transit
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
DARPA’s Strategic ThrustsInvestments Today for Future Capabilities
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 39873
Robust, Secure Self-Forming Networks
Detection, Precision ID, Tracking & Destruction of Elusive Targets
Networked Manned & Unmanned Systems
Urban Area Operations
Location and Characterization of Underground Structures
Assured Use of Space
Cognitive Systems
Bio-Revolution
Core Technologies (Materials/Electronics/Information Technology)Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
References for DARPA Projects
• Secretary of Defense
• DoD Quadrennial Defense Review
• DoD Strategic Planning Guidance 2008 – 2013
• Combatant Commanders Integrated Priority Lists
• DoD Joint Program Decision Memorandums
• Meetings and Briefs throughout DoD
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Input Sources 2005 – 2006
• Director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Dr. James Tegnelia• Vice Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Robert E. Willard• Director, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, LTG (Ret.) J. Clapper• Director, National Security Agency and Chief, Central Security Service,
Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander• Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Combating WMD & Negotiation
Policy, Mr. Jack David• Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics Material & Readiness,
Jack Bell• Commander, 8th Air Force, Lieutenant General Kevin P. Chilton• Deputy Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, Lt Gen C. Robert Kehler• Deputy Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Lt Gen Daniel P. Leaf• Deputy Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for
Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance, U.S. Strategic Command, Major General Mark A. Welsh, III
• Deputy Commander, Information Operations. 8th Air Force, Maj Gen Kozio• Director, Global Innovation and Strategy Center, U.S. Strategic Command,
Dr. Kevin E. Williams• Director, Advanced Systems and Technology, National Reconnaissance
Office, Dr. Pete Rustan• Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.• Commander, Air Force Research Lab, Major General Ted Bowlds• Deputy Commanding General for Systems of Systems Integration, Army
Research, Development and Engineering Command, Brigadier GeneralCharles A. Cartwright
• Director, Space Acquisition, Office of the Under Secretary of the Air ForceMajor General Craig R. Cooning
• Vice Commander, Air Combat Command, Lieutenant General William M. Fraser
• Director of Requirements, Air Combat Command, Major General Jack J. Catton, Jr.
• Director of Plans and Programs, Air Combat Command, Major General Timothy C. Jones
• Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon R. England• Secretary of the Army Francis J. Harvey• Secretary of the Navy Dr. Donald C. Winter• Secretary of the Air Force Michael W. Wynne• USD for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Kenneth J. Krieg• Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen A. Cambone• Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, ADM Edmund P. Giambastiani, Jr.• Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael G. Mullen• Air Force Chief of Staff General John P. Jumper• Commandant of the Marine Corps General Michael W. Hagee• Commander, U.S. Strategic Command, General James E. Cartwright • Commander, U.S. Special Operations Command, GEN Bryan D. Brown• Commander, U.S. Pacific Command, Admiral William J. Fallon• Commander, U.S. Northern Command, Admiral Timothy Keating• Commander, U.S. Joint Forces Command, General Lance L. Smith• Commander, U.S. Central Command, General John Abizaid• Commander, Air Force Space Command, General Lance Lord• Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Gary Roughead• Under Secretary of the Air Force Ronald M. Sega• Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and
Acquisition), Dr. Delores M. Etter• Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Ryan Henry• Director, Defense Research and Engineering, John J. Young, Jr. • Commanding General, USMC Combat Development Command,
Lieutenant General James N. Mattis • Commanding General, III Corps and Fort Hood, Lt Gen Thomas F. Metz• Commander, Joint Functional Component Command–Integrated Missile
Defense, Lieutenant General Larry J. Dodgen• Director, Defense Info Systems Agency, Lt Gen Charles E. Croom, Jr.
DARPA Projects Reviews with Senior Pentagon Leaders, Combatant Commanders, Service Chiefs, Agency Directors, Operational Leaders
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
• Networks (Self-forming, Robust, Self-defending)
• Networked Sensors – Determine, Track, and Neutralize Threat
• Real Time, Accurate Language Translation (Defense Language Institute, III IV)
• High-Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS)
• Air Vehicles (Fast Access, Long Loiter)
• High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System (HELLADS)
• Low-cost titanium ($2.5/lb military grade alloy)
• Bio Warfare – Accelerate Development and Production of Therapeutics and Vaccines from 12+ years to 12
weeks
• Prosthetics
• Space dominance
•Grand Challenge
Future Icons
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
060322_TT_ExDirectors Brief
High-Productivity Computing is Critical to National Security
• Develop a new generation of economically viable high-productivity computing systems for the national security and industrial user community (2009 – 2010)
High-Productivity Computing Systems
Impact:• Performance (time-to-solution): speedup critical
national security applications by a factor of 10X to 40X
• Programmability (idea-to-first-solution): reduce cost and time of developing application solutions
• Portability (transparency): insulate research and operational application software from system
• Robustness (reliability): apply all known techniques to protect against outside attacks, hardware faults, & programming errors
HPCS Program Focus Areas
Fill the Critical DoD Need for:Intelligence/surveillance/reconnaissance, cryptanalysis, weapons design and analysis,
airborne contaminant modeling and biotechnology
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
14
OOTTTTTactical Technology OfficeTactical Technology Office
Program Plan:Program Plan:• Develop conceptual design for objective OFW vehicle
• Define, develop, and mature key oblique flying wing technologies
• Conduct preliminary design of X-Plane demonstrator in Phase I
• Design, build and fly OFW X-Plane in Phase II
Goals:Goals:• Demonstrate the feasibility of a supersonic, tailless, variable sweep, oblique flying wing (OFW)
• Provide increased flexibility for potential future missions requiring rapid deployment, long range and long endurance
Oblique Flying Wing (OFW)
Low Speed: Unswept wing reduces drag due to lift and provides long
range and endurance
Supersonic: Swept wing reduces supersonic wave drag, improving
supersonic range
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Progress• Demonstration of
500ppm O2 from electrolytic and chemical routes at 50 lbs/day scale
Next Step• Scale up to 500
lbs/day of most promising process
Al2O3
TiO2
Al
Ti
TiO2 O2
What Was New
APMTIAC Quarterly V6 No2
Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot
Chemical Variation on O2 Removal Promises <$2.5/pound for Ingot
Low Cost TitaniumLow Cost Titanium
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
DARPA’s Space Accomplishments
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
DARPA Space Projects – Five Areas
Space MissionProtection
Active and passive defense of space assets
Ground- and space-based threats, especially µ-sats
Situational Awareness of SpaceActive and passive sensing of space from space or ground
Access & InfrastructureRapid, flexible space access
Space-BasedSupport to the
WarfighterSupport real-time tactical warfighting from spaceRapid responsein denied areas
Space MissionDenial
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Director, Tony TetherDeputy Director, Bob Leheny
DARPA Organization
Information ExploitationBob Tenney
Sensors
Exploitation Systems
Command & Control
Strategic TechnologyDave Honey
Larry Stotts/Brian PierceSpace Sensors/Structures
Strategic & Tactical NetworksInformation Assurance
Underground Facility Detection& CharacterizationChem/Bio Defense
Maritime Operations
Information Processing TechnologyCharlie HollandBarbara Yoon
Cognitive SystemsComputational – PerceptionRepresentation & Reasoning
LearningNatural Communication
Microsystems TechnologyJohn ZolperDean Collins
ElectronicsPhotonics
MEMSAlgorithms
Integrated Microsystems
Defense SciencesSteve WaxBrett Giroir
Physical SciencesMaterialsBiology
MathematicsHuman EffectivenessBio Warfare Defense
Virtual SpaceOffice
Tactical TechnologySteve WelbySteve Walker
Air/Space/Land/Sea PlatformsUnmanned SystemsSpace Operations
Laser SystemsPrecision Strike
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Space Programs & Technology
Access and InfrastructureAccess and Infrastructure
• On demand, cost effective launch, augmentation , and replenishment of Space forces
• More affordable, more responsive, net-centric capabilities
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Low Cost Launch
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Falcon
Program ObjectiveDevelop and validate, in-flight, technologies that will enable a prompt global reach capability while at the same time, demonstrating affordable and responsive space lift
Task 1Small Launch Vehicle (SLV)
•Small payloads to LEO•Low recurring launch cost (< $5M)
•New launch operations•Conduct an early responsive operations flight demonstration, followed by multiple risk reduction launches
Task 2Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle
(HCV)•Aircraft-like operations
–Launch on-demand –Reusable–Recallable
•Conduct an affordable hypersonic technology vehicle (HTV) building block demonstration to validate key HCV technologies
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Falcon
Objective:Develop a low-cost, responsive Small Launch Vehicle (SLV)–Small payloads to LEO – 1000 lb to 28.5°, circular, 100 nmi–Low recurring launch cost: < $5M–Responsive launch operations
Technical Challenges: • Responsive operations• Self-pressurization system• Air launch dynamics• Range integration• Balance between reliability and cost efficiency
Operational Impact: • Operationally responsive space• Low cost access to space• Flexible launch and basing
Affordable, Responsive, Reliable Space Access
AirLaunch
SpaceX
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Demonstrate Key Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle Technologies through Hypersonic Technology Vehicles:
HCV Technical Challenges addressed by HTV’s:AerodynamicsHigh-Temperature Materials & StructuresNavigation Guidance and ControlCommunications through Plasma
HTV-2HTV-1 HTV-3 HCV
Hypersonic Technology Vehicles (HTV’s)Falcon
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Metallic/Ceramic Acreage TPS Panels
Coated Ceramic Leading Edges
Fully Integrated Inward Turning Inlet
Osculating Flowfield Waverider Shape
Over-Under Turbine Based Combined Cycle Flow Path
“Warm” Composite Primary Structure
H2 Tankage
58’ Dual Use Payload Bay
HC Tankage
Ceramic Control
Surfaces
Dual-Fuel Mn 9.25 CruiseVision Vehicle
FalconHCV Technologies
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HTV-2 Flight Test
Boost Phase
HypersonicGlide
TerminalPoint
Pull-up
Flight Test Objectives:
• Aero/thermal/flight dynamic performance– Verify aerodynamic coefficients
and stability characteristics– Assess thermal response and
thermal management techniques
– Determine plasma attenuation effects
• NG&C performance– Determine flight path precision– Verify control characteristics– Validate robustness of guidance
algorithms– Assess INS/GPS navigation
methodology and hardware
HTV-2A
HTV-2B
Kwajalein Impact Point
Vandenberg Launch
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Orbital Express (OE) AccomplishmentsASTRO and NextSat
Orbital Express (OE) AccomplishmentsASTRO and NextSat
ASTRO Spacecraft NextSat Spacecraft
Task FY02Q2
SRR CDRPDR
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07
Program Management
ASTRO Spacecraft
Rendezvous Sensors
Robotic Arm
Fluid Transfer System
NEXTSat Spacecraft
System Integrationand Test
Launch Demo Complete
Ship Bus to NGST
Arm Assembly Complete
Ship Arm to Boeing
CDR
Ship NextSat to Launch Site
Integrated System Test
Launch
Ship Bus to NGST
CDR
CDR
Receive FTAPS from
NGST
Receive FTS from NGST
Receive Coupler from NGST
Ship Sensor Suite to Boeing
Ship ASTRO to Launch Site
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Future, Fast, Flexible, Fractionated, Free-Flying Spacecraft united by Information eXchange (F6)
• Fractionate a monolithic satellite into heterogeneous microsat-like modules
• Microsatellite modules– Power– Telemetry & Comms– Computation & Data Handling– Demonstration Payload– Residual capability for Stakeholder
Payload
• Intra-module connectivity– Wireless (or over power) data
• Inter-module connectivity– Wireless data– Wireless power to payloads System F6Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Motivation: Mission Benefits
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Space Programs & Technology
Space Situational AwarenessSpace Situational Awareness
• Monitoring and analysis of the Space environment
• Monitoring the status of friendly, neutral, and adversary Space assets
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD)
Design Fabs(Specialized) Rad Hard ICs
Design Fabs(Merchant) Rad Hard ICs
• Use specialized processes• Requires dedicated foundries• Niche market – falling farther
behind SOA (Currently 3-5 years)• DoD pays $500M every 2 years to
maintain
• Design in radiation tolerance, e.g. by exploiting thinner device layers (less charge build up) and new isolation methods
Today:Today:
Future:Future:
• Build devices in merchant foundries
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Radiation Hard by Design (RHBD) Design Hardening Concepts
• No special manufacturing processes
• Prudent transistor design (i.e. annular, “dog-bone”, all-around)
• Circuit design & layout• Substrate & dynamic biasing
Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries
Goal: Build leading-edge RH electronics at commercial State of the Art foundries
sourcegate
drain
Annular Transistor
Standard Edged Transistor
Source
Drain
Gate
n+ Source
n+ Drain
FieldOxide
Polysilicon Gate
Edge Current Components
Primary Electron Current Flow
FieldInversion
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HAARPHigh Frequency Active Auroral Research Project
HAARPHigh Frequency Active Auroral Research Project
HAARP site in Alaska
Program Objective:Program Objective:• A high power, high frequency transmitter
for interactive ionospheric researchPotential Applications:Potential Applications:Submarine communications, imaging of deeply Submarine communications, imaging of deeply
buried targets, radio wave propagation buried targets, radio wave propagation channels in the upper atmospherechannels in the upper atmosphere
Technical Challenges:Technical Challenges:• 3600 kW radiated power• 20 –31 dB antenna gain• Power Density:
– 3.2 mW/m2 (@ 100 km, 3 MHz) – 4.0 mW/m2 (@ 250 km, 9 MHz)
HAARP antenna array
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
HAARP Instrument CompletionHAARP Instrument Completion
IonosphericCurrents
100 km
ELF / VLFRadio Waves
60 km
Submarine Comm Imaging Buried TargetsBuried Receiver Comm
Control of Charged ParticleEffects on Satellite Operations
HAARP HFTransmitter
ELF / VLFRadio Waves
ELF / VLFRadio Waves
Description: • Increase HAARP effective radiated power by
factor of 16 (Tx power from 960 kW to 3600 kW; from 6X8 antenna elements (~5 acres) to 12X15 (~22 acres)
• Increase frequency coverage from 2.8-8 MHz to 2.8-10 MHz
Objectives:
• Demonstrate control of ionospheric charged particle behavior and subterranean/submarine signal penetration
Status and Accomplishments• Antenna array size increase completed; all elements and
ground plane frozen in place
• Transmitter modules successfully put into serial production and test
• Power plant increased to full capacity, Diesel prime movers improved as to emissions
• Diagnostic instruments/radars expanded to match HAARP capabilities
• Aircraft intrusion warning system being upgraded to meet FAA needs for safety
Schedule
Utility Demonstrated
Power plant upgraded
Transmitters completed
Antenna completion
FY07FY06FY03-05
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Space Programs & Technology
Space-Based Support to the Warfighter Space-Based Support to the Warfighter
• Small, innovative, responsive, agile, dedicated Space systems
• Persistent Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
ISAT Demonstration Program
On Orbit Demonstration• Launch, deploy and control a
large (~100m) space structure
• Characterize structural modes
• Demonstrate metrology,calibration techniques andtransmit beam formation
Mature Key ISAT Technologies• Reliable deployment of huge
space antennas• Real time metrology and
calibration <1mm
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
040519_MZ_DIRO Review
ISAT Enabling Technologies>100:1 Linear Compaction Ratio
Reliable Deployment
Metrology <λ/20 error
Calibration Coherent Transmit Beam
RF MetrologyOptical Metrology
Deployment Cage Kinematic Models Array Fed Reflector ESA
On-boardBeacon(s)(Optional)
Star Tracker(s)
GroundBeacon(s)
MasterFiduciary/Elements
Antenna OrientationAxisCoherentSignal
On-boardBeacon(s)(Optional)
Star Tracker(s)
GroundBeacon(s)
GroundBeacon(s)
MasterFiduciary/Elements
Antenna OrientationAxisCoherentSignal
IntegralHinge
StaggeredLongerons
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.525
30
35
40
45
50
55
degs
dB
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.525
30
35
40
45
50
55
degs
dB
idealuncompensatedcompensated
idealuncompensatedcompensated
Teepee Motion
RigidizeableInflatableMaterials
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Required Technical Performance:
Better AccuracyGood AccuracyPoor Accuracy• Cross-Range Accuracy
Tactical Targeting “Better Than E-10”
Tactical Surveillance“JSTARS Like”GMTI SurveillanceMission:
Low Revisit, Significant Gaps
Fast Movers (>4 m/s)
Indications and Warning(large scale movement)
High Revisit, “No Gaps”Good Revisit,Significant Gaps• Track Continuity
Slow Movers (<< 4 m/s)< 4 m/s• Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV)
Precision, Single Target Tracking
Grouped Target Movement
Functional Capability Desired:
ISATISAT
Global Continuous Surface Target Tracking Strategic Space Based Engagement
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Lockheed-Martin Proprietary
MDA Airship
Payload bay
Conventional Airship
Capability cannot be added to airship after development
ISIS requires integration of sensor and airship
Payload: 1.7% of system mass Payload: 30-40% of system mass
Truly persistent detection, tracking, and fire-control for:- Low fliers at 600km (eg. anti-ship/cruise missiles, & aircraft)- Surface targets at 300km (eg. littoral small boats, ground vehicles, & dismounts)
Integrated Sensor Is Structure (ISIS)
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Most Powerful Airborne GMTI/AMTI Radar & Comms Ever Conceived
No In-Theater Ground Support – 99% on station availability for 1+ years600km radar horizon at 70kft operational altitude
Simultaneous AMTI/GMTI Operation Via Dual Band (UHF/X-Band) ApertureAMTI Fire Control
<10m3 CEP @ 600km
Wide Area GMTI Search-while-TrackSlow targets out to 300kmDetect and track Dismounted troops
Wideband T3 Handset Communications
T3 (45 Mbps) handsets @ 300km line-of-sight
High Capacity AMTI Track1000 Targets @ 600km
Precision Engagement Tracking5000+ targets @ 300 km range <<100m resolution
Wideband Covert UAV DownlinkT3 (45 Mbps) real-time video @ 600km
Direct-to-User Data Flow
Wide Area AMTI SearchTargets @ 600 km
Long-Range LPD CommunicationsBuilding/foliage penetration (low-band)2.5kbps voice channel with watch battery @ 600km
Wide Area GMTI FOPEN DetectionTargets @ 300 km
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
$2 million cash prize
8 October 2005
Winner takes all
The best autonomous
robotic vehicles America can
build
Miles of some of the toughest terrain in the
world
2005 Grand Challenge
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Dakota RoboticsFargo, ND
Team Arctic TortoiseFairbanks, AK
Rob Meyer ProductionsAutonomxTucson, AZ
AVEngineersArcadia, CAsapperParadise, CAJunk yard dogsSalinas, CA
A.I. MotorvatorsAxion RacingThe Golem Group/ UCLATeam SARAGo BajaTeam RiàdeilOut-of-KnowhereTeam SymcasTeam AIONThortechTeam Mark AntonelliPalos Verdes HS RoadWarriorsTeam OCCAMTeam RoboShackUnmanned Vehicles InternationalCobalt HorizonsCyberRiderSciAutonics/Auburn EngineeringTeam CaltechTeamDesignatedDriverRogueCOGNAVLIPS_MALIBUTeam Auto-TriadSTeam Robot MonsterTeam Improbability Team BanzaiAlphalogix AlphaworksNull Setthe Simf enterpriseUCLA/HUJTeam TormentaUCI DARPA Grand Challenge TeamTeam PhiloServic MachinesTeam AliceHollyware Optical Technology v1Los Angeles Area, CA
McNeellyPort Saint Lucie, FL
Team CajunBotLafayette, LAGray TeamMetairieGreen WaveNew Orleans, LA
Team GeocheloneNew york, NYAutonomousIngenuityRochester, NYTeam RuamyartiQueens Village, NYTeam LoGHIQWalden, NYT3SEACortland, NYG-CART@RITRochester, NYTeam BuffaloLockport, NYGRASP Laboratory, University ofPennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
Red TeamRed Team TooPittsburgh, PA
Spurrier’s HurriersMary Esther, FL
Planet ExplorerRenton, WATeam SleipnerSequim, WAThe ProdigiesOlympia, WA Vista EngineeringCarson, WAAllied ForcesIssaquah, WACyber NavBothell, WARobowayMercer Isalnd, WA
Day StarMc Caysville, GA
Team ZingerBotColorado Springs, CO
MojávatonGrand Junction, CO
Team White Cougarthe Las Vegas GamblersLas Vegas, NV
Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies IIApple Valley, MNTeam WellingtonDanville, ILTeam LevinHighland Park, ILTeam Fast ForwardChicago, ILTeam MTRLibertyville, IL
Team ExcelsiorSeverna Park, MDoxOxoAnnapolis, MDOmnitechQueenstown, MD
Virginia TechVirginia Tech Team
Rocky Blacksburg, VATeam ENSCOSpringfield, VA
Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies ILittleton, COUtah RoboticsKaysville, UTBR MobilityMurray, UTTeam JuggarnautSandy, UTFutureNowaProvo, UT
The A TeamKingman, AZ
Intelligent MachinesK1Phoenix, AZ
Team Manticore - MITCambridge, MA
Two Much Trouble(T.M.T.)North Berwick, ME
Austin Robot TechnologyAustin, TX Mobile Autonomous robotics SocietySan Antonio, TXMonsterMotoCedar Park, TXArmadillo-BotBryan, TXPegasusCollege Station
New Team (160)2004 applicant (35)
CIMARGainesville, FLTeam UCFOrlando, FL
RAV LLCOviedo, FL
InginouityKansas City, MOTeam PhantasmBallwin, MOSpirit of St. LouisFenton, MOSmooth OperatorCape Girardeau, MO
Calculated RISCFitchburg, WITeam TerraMaxOshkosh, WITeam Go It AloneTeam Visionary EndeavorAppleton, WI
RelentlessWinchester, MAAppIntellectBellingham, MATeam UMass DartmouthDartmouth, Ma
Stockbrige High SchoolStockbridge, GANewbies
Fort Gordon, GATeam GA
Lyons, GA
Desert Buckeyes Columbus, OHCjaseBearcatsCincinnati, OHTeam WedgeWooster, OHTeam Robo KnightSouth Lebanon, OH
Patriot RoboticsTaylor, TXTexas DARPA ChallengeConroe, TX
Team Grand Challenger Rabid Ape RoboticsHouston, TXTeam Simple GeniusHumble, TX
AV Andrea MorganAV Sydney BristowAV Wendy DarlingTraverse City, MISakoryatOak Park, MITeam CrossLandHaslett, MI
Insight RacingCary, NC
195 teams from 36 states
Team 2015Jacksonville, FL
BJB EngineeringWilloughby Hills, OHTeam JeffersonCrozet, VA
Rust Bucket RacingTemple Terrace, FLTEAM LONG SHOTSt. Petersburg, FL
Team CARTBluefield, WVTeam GreeneMilton, WV
Not Shown: Autonosys, West Coast Robotics and UBC-CERM3 Team Thunderbird – Canada,Grand Challenge New Zealand, Dotmobil Team –France,
IQ (Intelligent Quad)Indy Robot Racing TeamCakewalkIndianapolis, IN
Team ETKokomo, INRobotic Navigation
Greenwood, INThe ChallengersRising Sun, IN
COPERNICUSLarchmont, NY
Team Cornell IITeam CornellIthaca, NY
Atlas OffroadNew Haven, CT
Highlander RacingMonroe, NJ
Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ
AutoTrekMoorestown, NJDesert ArrowManassas, VAThe MITRE MeteoritesMcLean, VA
Hepner RoboticsEdinburg, VA
Team GeorgeKnoxville, TN
OK RoverBroken Arrow, OKTeamNOVAChickasha, OK
Team NomadRidgecrest, CA
AutobotsLincoln, NE
Team-PossibleSeymour, TNTeam UTCChattanooga, TNIntrepidBirminigham, ALTroboPetal, MS
Lunatic FringeSunnyvale, CATeam OverbotRedwood City, CATrue VisionAtascadero, CA“R” Junk WorksLancaster, CAKNetXQuartz Hill, CA
Herbie Goes!Escondido, CAGP Machine IntelligenceSan Marcos, CATeam UnderdawgSan Jose, CAAutonomous Vehicle SystemsSimple Solutions Inclusive
TouchTechSan Diego, CA
Easy Does ItVentura, CAMojave LionsCerritos, CATerra EngineeringRancho Palos Verdes, CA
I to the FutureStoneWalkerAlbuquerque, NM
Team Texas TechLubbock, TX
Blue TeamBerkeley, CAStandford Racing TeamStanford, CATeam Aggie Spirit(UC Davis)Davis, CATeam Cal PolyBen Lomond, CATeam DADMorgan Hill, CA
Oregon WAVECorvallis, OR
University of WashingtonSeattle, WA
D2Honolulu, HI
3 High Schools / 35 Universities
195 ApplicantsFebruary 2005
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Finalists
Axion RacingSciAutonics/Auburn EngineeringTeam CaltechThe Golem Group/ UCLALos Angeles Area, CA
Team CornellIthaca, NY
Red TeamRed Team TooPittsburgh, PA
Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technologies ILittleton, CO
Team ENSCOSpringfield, VA
MonsterMotoCedar Park, TX
CIMARGainesville, FL
Team TerraMaxOshkosh, WI
Desert BuckeyesColumbus, OH
Insight RacingCary, NC
23 teams from 13 states
The MITRE MeteoritesMcLean, VA
Team DADMorgan Hill, CA
MojávatonGrand Junction, CO
Blacksburg, VA
Team CajunBotLafayette, LA
Stanford Racing TeamStanford, CA
Virginia Tech Team Rocky
Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA
Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ
2004 Grand Challenge Team - 142005 Grand Challenge New Entry - 9
Gray TeamMetairie, LA
UniversitiesCarnegie Mellon (2)Auburn UniversityCalTechStanfordUniversity of LouisianaOhio StateVirginia Tech (2)CornellUniversity of FloridaPrincetonTulane UniversityUCLA
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
The CourseNarrow Underpass
Lake Beds
Rough Roads
Narrow Gates
Long Tunnels
Start/Finish
132 mi
Close Obstacles
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Beer Bottle Pass – Mile 123
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Grand Challenge Finishers
CMU – Highlander 7h 14m – 18.25 mph
CMU – Sandstorm 7h 4m – 18.7 mph
Stanford - Stanley 6h 53m – 19.2 mph
Gray Team 7h 30m – 17.6 mph Oshkosh –Terramax
12h 51m – 10.3 mph
Overnight OperationsDistribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
Travel 60 miles in traffic in
under 6 hrs.
Urban Challenge
• Safe following and passage of a moving vehicle
• Safe merge with other moving traffic
• Safe passage through busy intersections
• Parking in congested areas. Safe U-Turn
• Figure out an alternate route when the primary route is impassable
Autonomous Ground Vehicles in the City
November 3, 2007 Western U.S.
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)
For Official Use Only
Distribution Statement “A” (Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited)