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TENSES

In English Grammar

Budi utomo 815883

Information Of Technology

Study Program Of Software Engineering

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI DUTA BANGSA

CIKARANG – BEKASI

2012

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ABSTRACT

Proper use of language is an important element in writing scientific papers. This paper describes some of the tenses in English. with the exact language patterns in the hope to communicate with good grammar and correct.

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Preface

Praise be to Allah, The cherisher and sustainer of the worlds; God who has been

giving His blessing and mercy to the writer to complete the paper entitled "Tenses In

English Grammar.” This paper is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to task

subjects English.

The writer realize that this paper is far from perfect, therefore, criticism and

suggestions from all parties who are building for the perfection of this paper. I hope

this paper may help to increase knowledge and experience for the readers, so I can

improve the form and content of this paper so that the future can be better.

Finally, our gratitude to all those who have participated in the preparation of this

paper from beginning to end. May Allah always be pleased with all our efforts. Amin.

Cikarang july 18, 2012

Budi utomo

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CONTENTS

Page

ABSTRACT 2

Preface 3

Content 4

Chapter one TENSES

1.1. Introduction 5

Chapter two VERB

2.1. Infinitive 7

2.2. Past Tense 8

2.3. Past participle 9

Chapter three PRESENT TENSE

3.1. Simple Present Tense 12

3.2. Present Continous Tense 13

3.3. Present Perfect Tense 14

3.4. Present Perfect Tense 15

Chapter Four PAST TENSE

4.1. Simple Past Tense 16

4.2. Past Continous Tense 17

4.3. Past Perfect Tense 18

4.4. Past Perfect Continous Tense 19

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Chapter Five FUTURE TENSE

5.1. Simple Future Tense 20

5.2. Future continous Tense 21

5.3. Future Perfect Tense 21

5.4. future Perfect Continous Tense 22

Chapter six PAST FUTURE TENSE

6.1. Past Future tense 23

6.2. Past Future Continous Tense 24

6.3. Past Future Perfect Tense 24

6.4. Past Future Continous Tense 25

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Chapter one

TENSES

I.1. Introduction

Tense in the English language the word comes from the Latin tempus which

means time. talk about the tenses, means talking about the time that indicates when

the occurrence of an event or events, the continuation and completion.

So, english tenses are basically talking about the time of the occurrence of an

event or events. in general, an event could occur at the present time, in the past, or

will happen in the future. different from the Indonesian, in the English language

description of time will determine the use of the verb. thus the verb could have been

referring to the present, past, or the time to come. a phrase that refers to the current

time is called the tense present. a phrase that refers to past time called past tense,

while the sentence that refers to the time of the call will come in future tense.

The third time was still part of a general nature. to be specific, each divided into four

parts, the simplest form, present participle, perfect form, and also perfect form and

perfect continous. Each of the main tenses in the English language is divided into four

sections following :

1. Simple

2. Continous / progressive

3. Perfect

4. Perfect continous / progressive

There are three main time (main tense) in English.

1. Present tense 2. Past tense 3. Future tense

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The following sections sixteen tenses in English.

1. Simple present tense

2. Present continous tense

3. Present perfect tense

4. Present perfect continous

tense

1. Simple past tense

2. Past continous tense

3. Past perfect tense

4. Past perfect continous

tense

1. Simple future tense

2. Future continous tense

3. Future perfect tense

4. Future perfect continous

tense

1. Past future tense

2. Past future continous tense

3. Past future perfect tense

4. Past future perfect continous

tense.

Present tense

Past tense

Future tense

Tense

Past future tense

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Chapter Two

VERBS

The thing to note when making a statement is a statement of time, whether it is

referring to an incident that occurred in the presen

future. Tenses in the English language will determine the use of the verb. therefore,

the verb can refer to the present, past or future.

The following three forms of the verb in English

1. Infinitive

2. Past tense

3. Past participle

2.1. Infinitive

Infinitive verb is often called the first form is the basic f

English that have not been added or changed in its form at all.

verb, to infinitive and bare infinitive.

based on three examples, it is clear that the

preceded by to, while the

To infinitive

To play

To study

To make

thing to note when making a statement is a statement of time, whether it is

referring to an incident that occurred in the present, in the past or will happen in the

enses in the English language will determine the use of the verb. therefore,

the verb can refer to the present, past or future.

The following three forms of the verb in English :

Infinitive

Past tense

Past participle

nfinitive verb is often called the first form is the basic f

have not been added or changed in its form at all. There

to infinitive and bare infinitive.

based on three examples, it is clear that the to infinitive is the infinitive in his writing

while the bare infinitive is not preceded by to. although there is a term

To infinitive

To play

To study

To make

Bare infinitive

Study

make

thing to note when making a statement is a statement of time, whether it is

or will happen in the

enses in the English language will determine the use of the verb. therefore,

nfinitive verb is often called the first form is the basic form of the verb in

re are two infinitive

is the infinitive in his writing

. although there is a term

Bare infinitive

Play

Study

make

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in English to infinitive

because it will be easier to study the structure of subsequent sentences

2.2. Past Tense

Past tense verbs are

verb in the English language that is used to indicate an event or events that will

happen in the past. The second form of the verb consists of two parts,

and irregular verb.

based on these examples can be concluded that the irregular verb is a verb that forms

its past in the form by adding d / ed on the first verb (infinitive). i

verb that forms its past is not in a form based on a provision, but has its own form.

2.3. Past Participle

Past participle verb form is often called the third is a form of the verb in the

English language that is used to form the passi

perfect tense and other forms of his sentence. existing provisions in the formation of

nfinitive and bare infinitive, will not be difficult in learning English

because it will be easier to study the structure of subsequent sentences

Past tense verbs are often called the second form of the verb is the past tense


happen in the past. The second form of the verb consists of two parts,


its past in the form by adding d / ed on the first verb (infinitive). i


ast participle verb form is often called the third is a form of the verb in the

English language that is used to form the passive voice, present perfect tense, past


a. Regular verb

play - played

stay - stayed

use - used

work - worked

live - lived

b. Irregular Verb

make - made

go - went

sleep - slept

build - built

take - took

, will not be difficult in learning English

because it will be easier to study the structure of subsequent sentences.

often called the second form of the verb is the past tense


happen in the past. The second form of the verb consists of two parts, the regular verb


its past in the form by adding d / ed on the first verb (infinitive). irregular verb is a


ast participle verb form is often called the third is a form of the verb in the

ve voice, present perfect tense, past


b. Irregular Verb

made

went

slept

built

took

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past tense verbs, also applies to form a past participle. irregular shapes also has its

own shape, mostly with irregular past tense, but there is also a change form at all.

The third addition to the above forms of the verb, the verb form of others who also

need to know is present participle. Present participle is a verb in the infinitive is

added with the word ing and serves as the title phrase in a continuous / progressive

tense.

Regular Verb

Infinitive

study

use

smile

Past

studied

used

smiled

Past Participle

studied

used

smiled

Irregular Verb

Infinitive

go

think

find

Past

went

thought

found

Past participle

gone

thought

found

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To infinitive Bare Past Past Present

Infinitive Tense participle participle

To play play played played playing

To work work worked worked working

To take take took taken taking

To teach teach taught taught teaching

To use use used used using

To sleep sleep slept slept sleeping

To come come came come coming

To do do did done doing

To keep keep kept kept keeping

Verb

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Chapter Three

PRESENT TENSE

3.1.Simple Present Tense

Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk

about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. The adverbs of time

used in simple present tense are every day, every week, every year, on Mondays, after

school,etc. the adverbs of frequency used in simple present tense are always, often, usually,

sometimes, seldom, never, etc.

Pattern:

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

- } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Example in sentences :

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(+) She is a new people here.

(+) He plays football every morning

(-) She isn’t a new people here.

(-) He does not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new people here?

(?) How playing football every morning?

3.2.Present Continuous Tense

We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which

is happening at the time of speaking. We also use The Present Continuous Tense

when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but

not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking.

The adverbs of time used in present continous tense are now, right now, tomorrow,

etc.

Pattern :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C + } They are playing badmintoon now

- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C – } They are not playing badmintoon now

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C ? } Are they playing badmintoon now ?

Yes, They are / no, they are not

For I = am

They, we, you = are

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He, She, It = Is

Example in sentences :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

3.3.Present Perfect Tense

We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to

announce recent happening.

Pattern :

+ } S + have/has +V3 + O/C

- } S + have/has+ not + V3 + O/C

? }Have/Has + S + V3 + O/C?

Example :

(+) you have eaten my apple.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished your lunch?

3.4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use the present perfect continous tense to give information or to

announce something which is already happened at the certain time period and still

happening at the time of speaking.

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Pattern :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving

(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Example :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

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Chapter Four

PAST TENSE

4.1.Simple Past Tense

We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. The

Adverbs of time in this tense are yesterday, last….., a week ago, this morning , last

night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc.

Pattern :

+} S+V2 +O/C

-} S+did not +V1 +O/C

?} Did + S+ V1 +O/C?

Example :

(+) He saw a good film last night

(-) He did not see a good film last night

(?) Did he see a good film last night?

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4.2.Past Continuous Tense

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of

doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before

this time but hadn’t finished

Pattern :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was he watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

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4.3.Past Perfect Tense

We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before

this time.

Pattern:

(+): S + had + V3

(-): S + had + not + V3

(?): Had + S + V3 ?

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had I painted my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

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4.4.Past Perfect Continuous Tense

We use the Past perfect to say that something had still happened when

another action had happened.

Pattern :

(+): S + had been + Ving

(-): S + had been + not + Ving

(?): Had + S +been+ Ving ?

Example :

(+) They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday.

(-)They hadn’t been doing the homework when I came yesterday

(?) Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ?

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Chapter Five

FUTURE TENSE

5.1.Simple Future Tense

We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something. We use this

tense when we want to do something immediately or we want to predict something.

Pattern :

(+) S + will/shall + Verb 1

(-) S + will/shall + not + Verb 1

(?) Shall/will + S + Verb 1?

Example :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven o’clock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

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5.2.Future Continuous Tense

This tense describe that something will happen in the future at the certain

times.

Pattern :

(+) S +will + be +V-ing

(-) S + will not + be +Ving

(?) Will + S + V ing?

Example :

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night..

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

5.3.Future Perfect Tense

We use this tense to explain something that will have already happened in

the future.

Pattern :

(+) S + will have + verb 3

(-) S + won’t have + Verb 3

(?) Will + S + have + Verb 3

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Example :

(+).She will have gone to school by 10 am.

(-) She will not have gone to school by 10 am.

(?) Will she have gone to school by 10 am?

5.4.Future Perfect Continuous Tense

We use this tense to explain something that will have already happened in

the future at the certain times and still happening at the time of speaking.

Pattern :

(+) S + will have been + verb ing

(-) S + won’t have been + Verb ing

(?) Will + S + have been + Verb ing ?

Example :

(+) They will have been studying since this morning

(-) They won’t have been studying since this morning

(?) Will they have been studying since this morning ?

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Chapter six

PAST FUTURE TENSE

6.1.Past Future Tense

In English grammar we don’t learn this in tenses but in conditonal sentences.

We know this tense as type 2 Conditional Sentence.

Pattern :

(+) S + would + V1

(-) S + would + not + V1

(?) Would + S + V1

Example :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.

(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

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6.2.Past Future Continuous Tense

In English grammar we know this tense as Present Continuous Conditional

Sentence. We use it in Type 2 conditional sentences. It explain that something has

not finished in the if clause.

Pattern :

(+) S + would + be + Ving

(-) S + would + not + be + Ving

(?) Would + S + be + Ving

Example :

1. I would be working in Italy if I spoke Italian. (but I don’t speak Italian, so I

am not working in Italy)

2. You wouldn’t be smiling if you knew the truth

6.3.Past Future Perfect Tense

In English grammar we know this tense as type 3 conditional sentence. It

explain that something would not happen because it’s too late. It means that we

wish something happen in the past.

Pattern::

(+) S + would + have + V3

(-) S + would + not + have + V3

(?) Would + S + have + V3

Example :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard.

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(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling

(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?

(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

6.4.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

This tense is used in type 3 conditional sentences. It explain something that

has not been done in if clause.

Pattern :

(+) S + would + have + been + Ving

(-) S + would + not + have + been + Ving

(?) Would + S + have + been + Ving

Example :

1. If the weather had been better (but it wasn’t), I’d have been sitting in the

garden when he arrived (but I wasn’t and so I didn’t see him).

2. If she hadn’t got a job in London (but she did), she would have been working

in Paris (but she wasn’t).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dhanny R. cyssco, Mastering tenses & daily conversation, Puspa Swara-Jakarta 2008

Alfred akerlund, The Definite Tense In English, A.B. PH. LINDSTEDTS UNIV.

BOKH . LUND & W Heffer & Sons. LTD (CAMBRIDGE) 1911