STRUCTURESAND
FORCES
TYPES OF STRUCTURES
• Frame Structures
• Shell Structures
• Arch Structures
• Mix and Match
• Mass Structures
• Suspension Structures
FRAME STRUCTURES
Is the most common choice of structures.
These structures are composed of long elements.
SHELL STRUCTURES
Are made of a thin outer layer.
They are like a strong and hard coat that maintains the require shape
ARCH STRUCTURES
The Romans invented the arch.
The stone at the very top is called the keystone
MIX AND MATCH
Different types of structures are combined
The combination is a moree complex structure.
MASS STRUCTURES
They are made of low quality of materials.
The structure is normally thick.
Advantage: Held in place by its own weight.
Disadvantage: Heavy need much material.
SUSPENSION STRUCTURES
A suspension structure holds an element.
Are often best for bridges.
Good for covering a very large span.
TYPES OF UNIONS
PERMANENT UNIONS:
They are meant for structures that will not needed to be disassembled.
Welding, rivets, glue...
NON-PERMANENT UNIONS:
Are those designed to assemble and disassemble the element of structures .
Nuts, bolts, clamps, friction...
FORCES ON STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Tensional strain
Compression forces
Shear strain
Torsion forces
Bending forces
TENSIONAL STRAIN
Is the strain that causes an element to stretch
It can be due to forces
COMPRESSION FORCES
They are those forces which causes an element to get squeezed or buckled
SHEAR STRAIN
Shear forces act across a material in such a way they can force.
A good example are when we cut with the scissors
TORSION FORCES
If we apply a turning force called torque at one end of an element and, if the element is fixed to a support at the other end the element twists
BENDING FORCES
Act at an angle to a member making it bend
BY:
Manuel Folgado and Ramón Barrabés
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