Activity
Group A : Flip chart Group B : Black/white board teachingGroup C : OHPGroup D: Power point presentation.
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TASK
Stage One Using your AV Aid prepare
the topic given to you . Time alloted : 15 mts
Stage Two Presentation – 4 mts
Stage Three Comments from facilitators and other groups 2
mts
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IntroductionLearning objectivesDefinitionClassificationAdvantages and disadvantages of
each audio visual aid
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Introduction
Teaching is an art it requires
1) Expertise at the subject2) Grasp of the language3) Skills to communicate Choosing the appropriate teaching
aid
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Why use teaching aids?
Teaching aids are useful to: reinforce what you are saying, ensure that your point is understood, signal what is important/essential, engage students’ other senses in the learning
process, facilitate different learning styles.
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50% of what we HEAR and SEE
We Learn and Retain:
20% of what we HEAR
30% of what we SEE
70% what we SAY and WRITE
10% of what we READ
Higher levels of retention can be achieved through active involvement in learning.
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Learning Objectives
By the end of this session, you should be able to: Choose the most appropriate visual aid for your
purpose and context, Use the black-/white-board effectively, Make the most of the overhead projector, Flip chart Produce a basic presentation with MS PowerPoint, Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
other media.
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Def:-
Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. -Burton
Audio-Visual Aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.
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Types of AV AIDS
1.Non – projected visual aids: a) Chalkboard
b) Display boards, cards and charts 2.Projected visual aids:
a)Overhead projector b) LCD projector
c) Direct projector
3.Audio aids: a) Public address system b) Audio tape system
4.Written aids
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Types contd.
5.Patients and real objects 6.Three-dimensional representations:
a) Models b) Simulators
7.Simulation and Role play 8.Audiovisual aids:
a) Video tape system b) Tape – slide system and cine film c) Video scope d) LCD panel e) Virtual reality (VR)
9.Mass communication media: a) Radio b) Television
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
Advantages No advanced preparation required, except when displaying
a complex table/chart/ diagram.
Technology independent .
Can be used by students for problem-solving, etc.
Disadvantages Time-consuming if you have a lot to write. Handwriting may be difficult to read (legibility, size, glare,
etc.). Turn your back on audience. Cleaning the board (chalk dust, permanent marker, etc.) Can’t go back to something you’ve erased.
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WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
TIPS Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the
board has been cleaned. Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser. If you have problems writing level, draw
horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and metre stick.
Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance Cleaning
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Advantages
Notes, diagrams or flowcharts can be prepared in advance
Pages can be removed from the pad and taped on the walls
Can be preserved for display even after the class
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Disadvantages
Not effective for large groupThe chart cannot hold large amount
of materialWriting on the chart while the
session is going on is time consuming
Handwriting
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FLIPCHART
When to USE: if electricity is
unavailable, to enable students
to illustrate group reports,
to provide a written record of points made by students.
TIPS Check the room and equipment beforehand. Get your own pad of newsprint. Write out important pages in advance. Don’t put too much on a page. Carry a collection of felt-tip pens.
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OHP
Over head projector Invented in mid 20th centuryUses large Fresnel lens that
collimates the light Used to project previously
prepared transparencies Magnification is about 5
times
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Advantages Allows you to prepare all your slides in advance. Best suited for complex diagrams, charts and Can build up information point-by-point through
the use of overlays. Don’t have to turn your back on the audience. easily available and inexpensive Can be prepared easily , quickly and preserved for
future.
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Disadvantages
A blown bulb or power failure can spoil all your hard work.
Image quality can also be a problem.
Transparency can go out of focus if it is moved on the stage
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Operation of Projector
2 mt away from screen Good picture is obtained when
mirror is 45º to horizontal plane. Before switching off , ensure cool
air comes out of exhaust.
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Preparing Transparencies By hand, or Computer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS
Word, HTML documents) Printing - colour or B/W Printer (laser or inkjet), or Photocopier
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Avoid overcrowdingAvoid continuous proseBullet or numbered points preferredThe rule of sixProgressive disclosure KILLS
Keep It Legible, Lean and Simple
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
1st Qtr. 2nd Qtr. 3rd Qtr. 4th Qtr. East 20.4 27.4 90.0 20.4 West 30.6 38.6 34.7 31.5 North 45.9 46.8 45.0 43.9
Tables are best avoided:
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OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
0
50
100
150
200
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
North
West
East
Use Charts/Graphs instead:
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Advantages Suitable for large and small group
Easy to carry can be stored and reused
With automatic slide projector and remote control the speaker can manage slide independently
Allows projection of x-ray images, scans, specimens etc.
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Disadvantages
Need to darken the hall for slide projection
Loss of eye contact with the students
Excessive numbers will result in loss of communication
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Good slide
Convey only one idea per slide
Slide should be simple with adequate margins
Six lines per slide Title 5 words or less and
outlines 7 words or less
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Power Point presentation
Used widely as computers are available
Offers tremendous multimedia capabilities
Great impact can be created by proper use
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Advantages
Keeps the attention on the topicSlide lay out, colour, font can be modified All types of multimedia can be presentedAnimation can be given for cues or
emphasisVideo clips can be incorporated
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Disadvantages
Dim light can cause loss of eye contactSpeaker cannot be seenOvercrowding the slide, Tendency to overload informationRequires good functioning of technology, Lot of time and energy to prepare
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Using Power Point Slides
Total number of slides = 1/2 number of minutes in presentation
One topic per slide3-7 bullets/slideKey words
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Bad slide
This page contains too many words for a presentation slide. It is not written in point form, making it difficult both for your audience to read and for you to present each point. Although there are exactly the same number of points on this slide as the previous slide, it looks much more complicated. In short, your audience will spend too much time trying to read this paragraph instead of listening to you.
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Audiovisual Errors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Q tr 2nd Q tr 3rd Q tr 4th Q tr
East
West
North
this font is way too small don’t try to put too much on
one slide there is just too much here
to read and what is here is too small to see, anyway
can you even tell which color is which on the bar graph?
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Audiovisual Errors
Use “special effects” sparinglyThey rarely add anything to the
presentationAnd can be extremely annoying and
distracting!Graphics can be distracting
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BACKGROUND – BAD
Avoid backgrounds that are distracting or difficult to read from
Always be consistent with the background that you use
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Font Errors: Selectionfunky fonts are distracting and hard to
readthis is a sans serif font (Arial)
this is a serif font :This is Times New Roman Serif fonts lead the eye forwards and
provide extra clues for the readerNewer fonts Serif fonts : Georgia
San serif fonts : Verdana , Trebuchet MS
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Font Errors: Size
too small is hard to see, and this is smaller than the minimum resolvable acuity for most of the audience
make big enough to see easily
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Font Errors: Case Selection
ALL CAPS IS NOT VERY READABLE FOR LONG PASSAGES; AVOID THIS EXCEPT FOR SHORT TITLES AND ABBREVIATIONS
Sentence case is much more readable!
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Font Errors: Alignment
This passage is more difficult for you to read because it is centered, instead of left
justified. Don’t do this.
This passage is more easier for you to read because it is left justified.
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Font Colors
chromatic aberration of the eye causes different colors in the slide to appear to be at different depths; and makes it hard to read
don’t do it!
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Other Media AUDIO TAPES or CDs
When to USE: Particularly suited for
language learning, media studies
Valuable when referring to recorded historical events
Background music can also be played before class starts and during group activities.
TIPS Check the room and equipment beforehand. Find the right spot on the tape/CD and queue it up in
advance. Don’t play more than a few minutes of audio at one time. Break up longer clips into segments, interspersed with
discussion or other activities.
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Other Media VIDEO TAPES or DVDs
When to USE: Adds a dimension not
available through audio alone - helps students to visualise.
Essential when illustrating things that are impractical to do in class room .
TIPSSame as for CDs/audio tapes Check equipment
beforehand. Can images be seen
from the back of the room?
Queue up the tape in advance.
Break viewing into short segments, integrated with discussion or activities.
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Virtual reality programmes
Computer based 3D dimensional models
Eg: Electronic glove ,Surgery simulations
Helps in psychomotor domain
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