TANGIBLE USER INTERFACE
CHAMO, SigfredPAPIO, CharlemagneTADEO, Rafael Jaime
AGOO, Andreia Ianna
Agenda
Definition of Tangible User Interface
Origins and History
Tangible Interfaces and Application Domains
Frameworks
Implementation Technologies
Strengths and Limitations
Tangible User Interface
from latin “tangere” – “to touch”
A user interface in which a person interactswith digital information through the physicalenvironment
Physical objects are representations andcontrols for digital objects
Initial name was Graspable User Interface
HISTORY
History
“We live in a complex world, filled with myriad objects, tools, toys, and people. Our lives are
spent in diverse interaction with this environment. Yet, for the most part, our
computing takes place sitting in front of, and staring at, a single glowing screen attached to
an array of buttons and a mouse.”(Wellner, Mackay & Gold, 1993)
History
The development of the notion of a “tangibleinterface” is closely tied to the initial motivation forAugmented Reality and Ubiquitous Computing.
In 1993, a special issue of the Communicationsof the ACM titled “Back to the Real World” arguedthat both desktop computers and virtual realityestrange humans from their “natural environment”.
History
In 1995, George Fitzmaurice, Hiroshi Ishii andWilliam Buxton introduced the notion of aGraspable Interface, where graspable handles areused to manipulate digital objects.
In 1997, Hiroshi Ishii and his students presenteda more comprehensive vision of Tangible Bits whichsoon led to proposition of a Tangible UserInterface
This, then, influenced and led other groups todiscover, broaden and apply the technology.
History
Notable “First” TUIs:
Perlman’s Slot Machine is the first system classified as atangible interface, 1974-1976
Intelligent 3D Modeling by Robert Aish and JohnFrazer’s team, 1980s
History
Notable “First” TUIs:
Marble Answering Machine by Durrell Bishop, 1995
TANGIBLE INTERFACES
Tangible Interfaces
There are 3 areas that are related to and overlap with TUIs:
Related Research Areas Unifying Perspective Reality-Based Interaction
Tangible Interfaces
Related Research Areas
Tangible Augmented Reality - combine tangibleinput with an augmented reality display or output
Tangible Tabletop Interaction - combinesinteraction techniques and technologies of interactive multi-touch surfaces and TUIs
Ambient Displays - present information within aspace through subtle changes in light, sound, andmovement, which can be processed in the background ofawareness Embodied User Interfaces - manual interaction
with a device, using its body as part of the interface
Tangible Interfaces
Unifying Perspective
Tangible Computing - deals with tangible objectsthat are interfaced with computers; instead of just oneinput device, there is a coordinated interplay of differentdevices and objects
Tangible Interaction - produces sensory installationswhere people participation is key
Tangible Interfaces
Reality-Based Interaction- basing interaction on preexisting skills and knowledgefrom the non-digital world may reduce the mental effortrequired to operate a system
Four themes of interaction with the real world that can be leveraged by physical interfaces:- Naïve Physics- Body Awareness and Skills- Social Awareness and Skills- Environment Awareness and Skills
APPLICATION DOMAINS
Application Domains
Tangible User Interface can be applied in:
Learning Problem Solving and Planning Information Visualization Tangible Programming Entertainment, Play and Edutainment Music and Performance Social Communication Tangible Reminders and Tags
FRAMEWORKS
Frameworks
Properties of TUI
Space Multiplexing - TUI offers multiple input devicesso that input and output are distributed over space,enabling the user to select an object or function with onlyone movement
Concurrent Access and Manipulation Spatial Awareness
Frameworks
MVC Model (Model View Controller)
MCR Model (Model-Control Representation)
GUI TUI
GUI vs TUI
Frameworks
GUI vs TUIGUI CityScape sw. TUI Project urp
IMPLEMENTATION TECHNOLOGIES
Implementation Technologies
Emerging toolkits and software tools thatsupport the implementation and prototyping ofTangible User Interface:
1. RFID - is a wireless radio-based technology that enables tosense the presence and identity of a tagged object
2. Computer Vision - sophisticated algorithms used forautomatic interpretation and/or system trackers (fiducial markers)that are attached to physical objects
3. Microcontrollers, Sensors, and Actuator
STRENGTHS and LIMITATIONS
Strengths and Limitations
Strengths: Collaboration - for social interactions, speech therapy,
adult-child interaction, etc. Situatedness – TUI devices can change depending on the
context in which they are placed and can alter the meaningof location Tangible Thinking - thinking through bodily actions,
physical manipulation, and tangible representations
Space Multiplexing and Directness of Interaction -enables the system designer to take advantage of shape, size, andposition of the physical controller to increase functionality anddecrease complexity of interaction
Strengths and Limitations
Limitations: Scalability and the risk of Loosing Physical
Objects - display is very limited and high risk ofmisplacing loose or wireless parts
Versatility and Malleability - TUI is typicallydesigned to facilitate a limited set of tasks, unlike GUIs
User Fatigue - the ergonomics and longer-term strainof the manual activity are needed to perform actions
SAMPLE TUIs
Sample TUIs
Sifteo CubesCategory: Tangibles
Domain: Learning, Play
Sample TUIs
ReactableCategory: Tabletops & Interactive devices
Domain: Music & performance
Sample TUIs
Sixth SenseCategory: Whole Body Interaction
Domain: Social Communication, Information Visualization
Sample TUIs
Ipad Nano “Shake to Shuffle”Category: Tangibles
Domain: Entertainment, Play
Sample TUIs
Other examples:
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
May increase usability
May increase enjoyment
Allows multitasking
Allows for interaction in the periphery
Support face-to-face social interaction
Can leverage user’s knowledge and skills of interaction with everyday, non-digital work
Referenceshttp://www.slideshare.net/gobletcell/various-user-interfaces Graspable/Tangible User Interface –Dipak SutrieeTangible user interface –Martin Kalten Brunnnerhttp://www.bluehair.co/2010/05/what-are-tangible-user-interfaces-2/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangible_user_interface
http://vimeo.com/3164229#at=0http://vimeo.com/3164142#at=0http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ijD2ojIrIEghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWf4xS-28nUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTCQc7hOsUU
Physical and embodied user interfaces by Simone MoraTangible User Interface: Past, Present and Future Directions
by O. Shaer & E. Hornecker
Questions?