Catalytic Applicationsof
metal organic frameworks (MOFs)
Presented By
Prince George
610CH306
Supervisor :
Dr. Pradip Chowdhury
Synopsis Report for M.Tech (Research) Thesis
Introduction
Metal centre or cluster(inorganic part)
Linker(organic part)
Metal Organic Framework(coordination polymer)
Stable 1D, 2D & 3D networks
Class IV Co ordination polymers
Advantages of MOF’s as CATALYSTS Highly crystalline Highly Porous
A MOF material has the world record in powder specific surface area: > 6000 m2/g
Highly taliorable with large range in pore sizes and specific adsorption properties.
Since highly taliorable certain functional groups can be added thereby increasing the specificity of certain reactions
Disadvantages of MOF’s as CATALYSTS Intolerance to high temperature. Sensitive to moisture and few environmental conditions
Aim & Scope of Work
Catalysis
Photo catalysis
Degradation of organic dyes.
• Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250• Crystal Violet
Thermal Oxidation reactions
Degradation of Polymers
• Polystyrene
Classified different classes:Acid dyes Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250
Basic Dyes Crystal Violet
Direct dyesMordant dyesVat dyesReactive dyesDisperse dyesAzotic dyesSulfur dyes
Background/Motivation-IOrganic Dyes
Aryl methane dyes
Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250
This dye causes problems in, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, irritation to skin, and redness of eyes. It may cause adverse effects on eco aquatic system.
Applications
• Medical field• Genomic/protomic
Research
Chromophore
Crystal Violet
Chromophore
APPLICATIONS• Crystal violet is not used as a textile dye.• Instead it is used to dye paper and as a
component of navy blue and black inks.
• Medical Antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic Staining techniques.
National Toxicology Program reported that the carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of crystal violet.
Literature Review -I
Reaction type Catalyst Enhancer Nature of Light Researchers Reference
Photolytic oxidation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue
nil H2O2 High/Low UV M.A. Rauf et al. [1]
Photocatalytic decolouration of Coomassie Brilliant Blue
TiO2 nil High/Low UV M.A. Rauf et al. [2]
Decolourization of textile industry wastewater by thephotocatalytic degradation process
TiO2 H2O2 High/Low UV M. Bouchy et al. [3]
Photocatalytic studies of ZnO nanoparticles ZnO nil High/Low UV O.P Pandey et al. [4]
Photocatalytic property of a novel dumbbell-shaped ZnOmicrocrystal photocatalyst
ZnO nil High/Low UV Sheng-Peng Sun et al. [5]
MIL-53 MOF for thedecolorization of methylene blue dye
MIL-53 H2O2,
(NH4)2S2O8,
KBrO3
UV/Vis Ling-Guang Qiu et al. [6]
Decomposition of Organic Dyes Based on MOF Compounds
MOFs of Co,Ni,Zn
nil UV/Vis Giridhar Madras, Srinivasan Natarajan et al.
[7]
Polystyrene is a petroleum-based plastic made from the styrene monomer. Most people know it under the name Styrofoam.
• The biggest environmental health concern associated with polystyrene is the danger associated with Styrene.
• Polystyrene recycling is not "closed loop". This means that more resources will have to be used, and more pollution created, to produce more polystyrene cups.
Background/Motivation-IIPolymers - Polystyrene
Literature Review -II
Catalyst used Temperature Products Researchers Reference
4,4'-isopropylidenc bis(2,6-dibromophenol
250-370°C styrene, carbon dioxide, water, benzaldehyde, alpha-methylstyrene, phenol, phenylacetaldehyde and acetophenone
MacNeilland et al. [8]
p-tolune sulfonic acid
150-170°C Vishal Karmore and Giridhir Madras
[9]
zeolites and silica
300°C and 400°C
C6 –C24 series hydrocarbons Carnitiand et al. [10]
ZSM-11 400-500°C styrene and 1, 5 hexadiene Lilina et al. [11]
Natural clinoptilolite zeolite HNZ
400°C styrene and liquid oils in range of C6 –C12
Lee et al. [12]
Degradation of polystyrene
ObjectivesThe main objectives our present research work can be summarized as follows:
Synthesis, characterization and selection of a suitable metal organic frameworks or MOFs, effective for catalytic applications.
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes.
• Comprehensive study of degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet and Coomassie Blue R-250 using synthesised MOFs.
• Evaluating the best MOF and combination for effective degradation/decolourization of said dyes.
• Estimation of kinetic and interaction parameters involved in degradation/decolourization.
Oxidative degradation of polystyrene using metal organic frameworks(MOFs)• Comprehensive study of oxidative degradation of polystyrene using synthesised
MOFs.• Evaluating the best MOF for effective breakdown of polystyrene and optimum
catalyst (MOF) to polystyrene ratio.• Estimation of kinetic parameters
Experimental RouteSynthesis of general MOFs - I
Cu-BTC (HKUST-1)
Cu(NO3)2 +
Zn-BDC (MOF-5)
Zn(NO3)2 +
Fe-BDC (MIL-53 Fe)
FeCl3 +
Experimental RouteSynthesis of novel MOFs – II for specific applications
Pb-BTC
Pb(NO3)2 +
Fe-BDC 1% Li Doped
FeCl3 + 1% Li(acetate)
Fe-BDC 1% Li Doped
FeCl3 + 10% Li(acetate)
Experimental Route
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes-I
Aqueous interaction study of MOFs
Catalysts Cu-BTC Zn-BDC Fe-BDC
p H environments 1.2 4.0 7.0 9.2 11.0
Characterized MOFs were used for the experiments;• MOF was mixed in a
particular p H environment.• Stirred for 1 hr and
centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min.
• Dried in hot air oven and sealed for characterization.
Photocatalytic experiments were carried out in three modes,I. In the dark (Reference)
II. In sunlight
III. In artificial light (provided by High pressure Hg vapour lamp,100W)
Experimental Route
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes -II
Conditions Dye (CyV,CoB) Catalyst(MOFs) Enhancer
(H2O2)
Dark
Light
Parameters to be optimised were:I. p H ( 4,7,9,11)II. Concentration of dyeIII. Concentration of enhancerIV. Catalyst Weight
Experimental Route
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes - III
Optimization experiments were carried out for both dyes in visible light, provided by high pressure Hg vapor lamp (100 W)
Optimization experiments were carried out using Taguchi DOE model.
slno p HConc Dye
Catalyst weight Conc Enc
Degradation %
1 4 0 0 0 02 4 0.02 0.0375 0.01 3 4 0.04 0.075 0.1 4 4 0.06 0.15 1 5 7 0 0.0375 0.1 06 7 0.02 0 1 7 7 0.04 0.15 0 8 7 0.06 0.075 0.01 9 9 0 0.075 1 0
10 9 0.02 0.15 0.1 11 9 0.04 0 0.01 12 9 0.06 0.0375 0 13 11 0 0.15 0.01 014 11 0.02 0.075 0 15 11 0.04 0.0375 1 16 11 0.06 0 0.1
Taguchi DOE model
Experimental Route
Oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene -I
Polystyrene (Case reference) Temp: 30 -700 0C Catalyst: NIL In presence of Air
Catalysts Cu-BTC Zn-BDC Fe-BDC Pb-BTC
MOFs AS CATALYSTS Cu-BTC Zn-BDC Fe-BDC Pb-BTC
Breakdown temperature (oC) 275 400 380 400
Experimental Temperature (oC) 250 350 300 350
Experimental Route
Oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene - II
The experiment was carried out in TGA apparatus, SHIMADZU (DTG 60 H)• Temperature parameter was set below the breakdown temperature.
For optimizing the best mixture combination Varying combination of polystyrene to best MOF mixtures were used.
Three different ratios were carried out at uniform heating rate (10 °C /min).
Polystyrene to MOF ratio 50/50 70/30 90/10
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
Unit Cell Parameters a [Å] 15.23b[Å] 9.33c[Å] 6.61α[°] 90β[°] 90γ[°] 90Volume [Å3] 939.336 Crystal System Orthorhombic Space group P 2 2 2
BET surface area :1492 m2/g
Cu-BTC (HKUST-1)A
B
SEM image of MOF ( A) Cu-BTC (or, HKUST-1)PXRD data of MOF ( B) Cu-BTC (or, HKUST-1)
Aqueous interaction of Cu-BTC (HKUST-1)-I
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
SEM Images :(A) p H 1.2,(B) p H 4.0, (C) p H 7.0,(D) p H 11.0
A B
C D
PXRD analysis :(A) p H 1.2,(B) p H 4.0, (C) p H 7.0,(D) p H 11.0
A B
C D
Aqueous interaction of Cu-BTC (HKUST-1)-II
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
A
PXRD studies shows the loss of crystalline nature of said MOF directly co related damage in the SBUs .
Hydrolysis of O-Cu-O-Cu bond leads to structural instability ,hereby structure collapse.
Hence the BET surface area drops drastically.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
Unit Cell Parameters a [Å] 10.075b[Å] 10.075c[Å] 6.965α[°] 90β[°] 90γ[°] 90
Volume [Å3] 706.98 Crystal System Tetragonal Space group P 42/m m c
SEM image of MOF ( A) Zn-BDC (or, MOF-5)PXRD data of MOF ( B) Zn-BDC (or, MOF-5)
A
B
BET surface area :856.3 m2/g
Zn-BDC (or, MOF-5)
Aqueous interaction of Zn-BDC(or MOF-5)
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
Hydrolysis of O-Zn-O-Zn bond leads to structural instability ,hereby structure collapse.
From the literature it can be concluded that aqueous interaction test for MOF-5 fails.
Diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectra
A The band gap of Zn-BDC(MOF-5) was determined to be
3.3 e V implying to 376 nm falling in the UV region of
electromagnetic spectra.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
SEM image of MOF ( A) Fe-BDC (or, MIL-53(Fe))PXRD data of MOF ( B) Fe-BDC (or, MIL-53(Fe))
A
B
Unit Cell Parameters a [Å] 10.95b[Å] 9.272c[Å] 8.11α[°] 90β[°] 90γ[°] 90Volume [Å3] 823.524 Crystal System Orthorhombic Space group P 21 2 2
BET surface area :360.06 m2/g
Fe-BDC (or, MIL-53(Fe))
Aqueous interaction of Fe-BDC(or MIL-53(Fe))
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
From the literature and from experiments it was concluded that MIL-53(Fe) is stable in water under different p H conditions.
Diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectra
A
The band gap of Fe-BDC(or MIL-53(Fe)) was determined to be 2.6 e V
implying to 477.7 nm falling in the visible region of electromagnetic spectra.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
SEM image of MOF ( A) Fe-BDC (or, MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li)PXRD data of MOF ( B) Fe-BDC (or, MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li)
A
B
BET surface area :460.10m2/g
Fe-BDC 10%Li (or, MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li)
Unit Cell Parameters a [Å] 13.58b[Å] 9.514c[Å] 6.48α[°] 90β[°] 90γ[°] 90Volume [Å3] 837.21 Crystal System Orthorhombic Space group P 2 c m
Aqueous interaction of Fe-BDC 10%Li(or MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li)
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
From experiments it was concluded that MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li is stable in water under different p H conditions.
Diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectra
A The band gap of Fe-BDC 10%Li (or MIL-53(Fe) 10%Li)
was determined to be 2.3 e V implying to 540 nm falling in the visible region of
electromagnetic spectra.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
SEM image of MOF ( A) Pb-BTC PXRD data of MOF ( B) Pb-BTC
A
B
BET surface area :11.28 m2/g
Pb-BTC
Unit Cell Parameters a [Å] 16.51b[Å] 3.105c[Å] 11.467
α[°] 90β[°] 90γ[°] 100
Volume [Å3] 578.679 Crystal System Monoclinic Space group P 11 21
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
Diffuse reflectance UV-Visible spectra
A
The band gap of Pb-BTC was determined to be 3.62 e V implying to 343 nm falling in the UV region of electromagnetic
spectra.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
TGA Profile for MOFs
Breakdown temperature of MOFs
Cu-BTCRange 25-125oC : Weight loss is purely due to removal of moisture and trapped solvent. Range 125oC to 275oC :Horizontal plateau, weight remains fairly constant. Range > 275oC : Cu-BTC structure collapses.
Zn-BDC Range of 25-150oC : Weight loss is purely due to removal of moisture and trapped solvent.Range 150oC-400oC :Weight loss remained largely stable.Range> 400oC :Zn-BDC structure collapses. Fe-BDC and Pb-BTC , Beyond 380oC and 400oC the structure collapses for Fe BDC and Pb-BTC respectively.
Results and discussionCharacterization of MOF catalysts
TGA Profile for MOFs - Explained
Results and discussion
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes
Light induced excitation processes in a photo catalyst
Factors to be considered in a photo catalyst
Recombination of electrons and holes
Amount of visible light utilized (Band gap)
Stability against photo-corrosion
Position of VB and CB
MOFs Cu-BTC
Zn-BDC
Fe-BDC
Fe-BDC-10% Li
Pb-BTC
Band gap (e V) - 3.3 2.5 2.25 3.62
Photo corrosion X X -
Results and discussion
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes
NHE
0.00
1.23
OR Type – Oxidation & ReductionR Type – ReductionO Type – OxidationX type – None
For MIL-53(Fe)
E valance = 2.79 VE conductance = 0.19 V
Therefore oxidation is favorable.
(O2 HO-)
H+/H2
H2O/O2
eV
Band position for MIL -53 (Fe)
Results and discussion
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of dyes
Mechanism electron – hole formation
MOFs MIL-53(Fe) is three-dimensionalporous solids built up by infinite 1D linkage of –Fe–O–O–Fe–O–Fe–.
Empty d metal orbitals mixed with the LUMOs of the organic linkers would formed the conduction band.
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
With MIL-53(Fe)
Degradation kinetics profiles using High pressure Hg vapor lamp.
(A),(B),(C) Combined degradation profile, Coomassie Blue with varying MIL-53(Fe) Wt. at 4 ,7,9 p H respectively.
B
C
A
Results and discussion
Slno p H Order kavg Catalyst Wt.(mg)
1 4 0 0.0052* 102 4 0 0.0061* 20 3 7 0 0.0048* 104 7 0 0.005* 20 5 9 1 0.010742# 20
Kinetics data for degradation of Coomassie Blue (units * molmin-1 and # min-1)
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
The maximum degradation percentage was observed for two different conditions of p H (i.e. 4.0 and 9.0 about 68% for both.
With enhancer concentration for p H 4 1 m M , 0.1 m M H2O2
p H 9 0.1 m M H2O2
Higher concentration of dye, the order of kinetics was zero and when concentration is small, the order was first order.
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
Degradation kinetics profiles (A) & (B) for the entire spectrum detailed to p H 4.0 and p H 9.0 respectively.
B
A
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
With MIL-53(Fe) 10% Li
Degradation kinetics profiles using High pressure Hg vapor lamp.
(A),(B) Combined degradation profile, Coomassie Blue with varying MIL-53(Fe)-10% Li Wt. at 7,9 p H respectively.
B
A
Results and discussion
Slno p H Order kavg Catalyst Wt.(mg)
1 7 1 0.00458* 52 7 1 0.02687* 10 3 9 1 0.00982* 10
Kinetics data for degradation of Coomassie Blue (units * min-1)
The maximum degradation percentage was observed for two different conditions of p H (i.e. 7.0 and 9.0 about 41.25% and 43.71% respectively.
With enhancer concentration for p H 7 0 m M , 0.01 m M H2O2
p H 9 0.1 m M H2O2
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blueWith MIL-53(Fe) 10% Li
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
With MIL-53(Fe) 10% Li
B
A
Degradation kinetics profiles (A) & (B) for the entire spectrum detailed to p H 9.0 and p H 7.0 respectively.
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet
With MIL-53(Fe) B
A
Degradation kinetics profiles
(A),(B) Combined degradation profile, Crystal Violet with varying MIL-53(Fe) Wt. at 4 ,9 p H respectively.
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet
With MIL-53(Fe)
Synergic Index = k cat+enhancer /(kcat +k enhancer)
• It gives the measure of interaction between catalyst and enhancer
• For SI value 2 ,kinetics is pure additive
• For SI value < 2,kinetics is antagonistic
• For SI value > 2,kinetics is synergic.
Results and discussion
• Initially the concentration of the dye drops due to the presence of hydroxyl radicals in system.
• Depletion of free radical tends to formation reaction intermediates that can observed from the change in wavelength of maximum absorbance.
• The colour of the dye solution from violet to pink and then the intensity of pink fades out to colourless.
• Least concentration of enhancer, to bring about the best degradation about 62.2% with synergic index of 2.5 at p H 9.0,while at p H 4.0 degradation about 48.1 %.
Photocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal VioletWith MIL-53(Fe)
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet
With MIL-53(Fe)
B
A
(A),(B) Combined degradation profile, Crystal Violet with varying MIL-53(Fe) Wt. at 4 ,9 p H respectively.
With enhancer concentration for p H 4 0.1 m M H2O2
p H 9 0.1 m M H2O2
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet
With MIL-53(Fe)-10 % Li B
A
Degradation kinetics profile Figure (A) at 7.0 p H and Figure (B) the entire spectrum detailed.• Best degradation obtained at neutral p H was about 52.63% and follows first order
kinetics with kavg 0.02447 min-1 .
• Synergic Index was calculated to be 1.4
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Crystal Violet
With MIL-53(Fe)
In Sunlight
Degradation kinetics profiles
Combined degradation profile, Crystal Violet with varying MIL-53(Fe),TiO2,H2O2 & MIL-53(Fe)/H2O2
High pressure Hg vapor lamp Light
Results and discussionPhotocatalytic degradation/decolourization of Coomassie blue
High pressure Hg vapor lamp Light
Degradation kinetics profiles
Combined degradation profile, Coomassie Blue with varying MIL-53(Fe),TiO2 & MIL-53(Fe)/H2O2
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
• Polystyrene actively starts degradation above 415 °C.
• Cu-BTC, incorporated towards the loss of water vapour/moisture from lattice alongside with the degradation of the said polymer.
• MIL-53(Fe) is due to its relative short temperature range of stability
• Active polystyrene degradation
occurs only after 300 °C.Combined weight loss profile, with polystyrene -MOFs at 50-50 wt. % & pure polystyrene.
Results and discussion
From the graph ,best MOF for polystyrene degradation points two MOFsZn-BDC (MOF-5) and Pb-BTC.
Oxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
Degradation (α ) = (W0-W)/(W0 –Wf )
Since the reaction, the degradation is not 100 % ,as the bottle neck for the reaction is the break down temperature of MOFs, Wf is neglected.
Hence
Degradation (α ) = (W0-W)/W0
Combined degradation profile, with polystyrene and MOFs at 50-50 wt. %.
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
Combined degradation profile, with polystyrene and Pb-BTC at different weight ratios.
From the graph it can clearly inferred,
• Polystyrene starts to melt above 150 °C .
• Acceleration in degradation of polystyrene in case of Pb-BTC starts evenly close to 320 °C .
• The overall shift in degradation temperature is about 95 °C .
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
• The acceleration in degradation of polystyrene occurs early as 280 °C and gradually increases.
• High surface area could be factor for the oxidation of the polymer.
• The overall shift in degradation temperature is about 135 °C .
Combined degradation profile, with polystyrene and Zn-BDC at different weight ratios.
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
(A) Degradation percentage with different best combination ratios of MOFs with polystyrene.
(B) Activation energy for different best combination ratios of MOFs with polystyrene.
A
B
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
Kinetics of degradation was calculated using Kofstard method
Activation energy of pure polystyrene : 75.74KJ/mol
Pb-BTC 50% drops the activation energy about 68.1%
Zn-BDC 30% about 68%.
Degradation percentage and activation energy does not fluctuate much in case of Zn-BDC is on average about 33.62% and 22.57KJ/mol respectively.
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
Degradation percentage vs. Wt. of Catalyst.% Temperature deviation vs. Wt. of Catalyst.
A
B
Results and discussionOxidative Degradation of Polystyrene
Figure A shows degradation % to weight of the catalyst %,
From the graph in case of Pb-BTC ,the degradation increases initially with increase in catalyst %,but drops at 50% catalyst weight.
In case of Zn-BDC ,the degradation gradually increases with increase in catalyst %.
Figure B shows Temperature deviation to weight of the catalyst %,
From the graph in case of Pb-BTC ,the temperature deviation from the actaul breakdown temperature of polystyrene drops with increase in % catalyst weight.
In case of Zn-BDC ,temperature deviation gradually increases with increase in catalyst %.
Totally five different MOFs were synthesised of which two are novel MOFs and have shown promising results in different applications such as oxidative degradation of polystyrene and photo catalytic degradation of dyes.
Doping of MIL-53(Fe) with Lithium was successful and reduction in band gap energy was achieved from 2.4 e V to 2.25 e V for 10% doped Lithium.
For the photo catalytic degradation of dyes, In case of Coomassie Blue R-125, 10% Li doped MIL-53(Fe) partially proved promising in the absence on enhancer, the degradation percentage was about 41% at 7 p H, and in contrast to 43.7% in presence of 10% Li doped MOF and enhancer concentration of 0.1m M.
While best case of degradation was observed at 4 p H about 69.4% with enhancer concentration of 0.1 m M.
Conclusion
In case of Crystal Violet, 10% Li doped MIL-53(Fe) has proved promising in presence of enhancer concentration 0.1m M with degradation of 52.63% with lower synergic index of 1.4.
while regular MIL-53(Fe) showed degradation of 62.2% in presence of enhancer concentration of 0.1 m M with higher synergic index of 2.5.
In polystyrene degradation, in different combinations both Zn-BDC (MOF-5) and Pb-BTC has shown degradation about 37% and 34% respectively.
With decrease in degradation temperature about 135 °C to 90 °C for both combinations of polystyrene /MOF mixtures. The best combination was found out to be polystyrene-Zn-BDC 50-50 Wt. %.
Conclusion
The stability profiles of MOFs needs to be improved considerably.
New MOFs needs to be investigated further.
The product distribution of polymeric materials degradation is a key area and need to be addressed.
Scaling up the complete process of dye degradation would be highly interesting and looks promising in research perspective.
Future Scope of Work
Conference Papers
Prince George, Pradip Chowdhury, “Catalytic degradation of polystyrene using MOFs”, Cheminar 2012, Jalandhar, India.
Prince George, Deepak Garg, Sandip Parma, Pradip Chowdhury, “Stability analysis of Cu-BTC MOF in aqueous medium under various pH conditions”, Chemcon 2012, Jalandhar, India.
Prince George, Deepak Garg and Pradip Chowdhury “Adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B and Erioglaucine from Aqueous solution using Cu-BTC and Activated Carbon”, International Conference on the Fundamentals of Adsorption, Baltimore, USA (submitted).
Publication
Manuscript under preparation Prince George, Pradip Chowdhury “Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using MOFs,”
to be submitted in Dyes and Pigments.
Publications
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Thank You
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