Sustainable Development Goals and Science:
An Opportunity…
NATURAL SCIENCES
Flavia Schlegel,
Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO
Fist Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA (29.3.2017)
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Transition from MDGs to SDGs
Source: Website The Guardian, 22.7.2015 http://gu.com/p/44qyn/sbl
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SDGs: New Development Paradigm
Universal – for all countries
Integrated3 pillars of sustainable developmenteconomic, social, environmental3 pillars of the UNdevelopment, human rights, peace and security
Interlinked – “all or nothing agenda”
National Ownership
Evidence-based
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Science in the 2030 Agenda
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• Science indicators
• HLPF – science policyinterface
• Existing monitoring mechanisms
•Goal 17: Section on Technology
•Addis Ababa Action Agenda:Section on STI and TechnologyFacilitation Mechanism
•SAMOA Pathway: Section on Means of Implementation (STI)
• 35: ST for responding to SD challenges
• 35: Science-policy interface
• SDG 6: Water
• SDG 7: Energy
• SDG 9: Innovation
• SDG 13: Climate Change
• SDG 14: Oceans
• SDG 15: Biodiversity
• SDG 17: MOI & Partnerships Goals & Targets
Declaration
Follow-up
Monitoring & review
MOI
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Declaration, para 35
35. We recognize the central role that science, technology
and innovation play in enabling the international community to
respond to sustainable development challenges. We recognize the power of
communications technologies, technical cooperation and
capacity-building for sustainable
development. We commit to strengthen the role of
the science-policy interface in environmental
governance.
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The process
5th meeting, Trieste, Italy, May 2016
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UN SG Scientific Advisory Board
• 26 independent experts
• Multidisciplinary
• Multiple-knowledge oriented
• Timely and salient on any issue of
relevance to the Secretary-General
and the UN
• Science-policy interface and
science diplomacy in action
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Goals and Targets are Interconnected
Source: WHO/CCU/16.02
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Means of Implementation
SDG 17.6 – 8
Addis Ababa Action Area G (STI and CB)
Adopting STI strategies as part of national sustainable development strategies
Promoting Science Collaboration
Enhancing STEM Education
Recognizing LINKS and their contribution to sustainable development
Technology Facilitation Mechanism and Technology Bank
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Means of Implementation
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How much does it cost and who
is going to pay?
BIG Question 2:
Change or Transformation?
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National Plans for Implementation
Samoa Pathway: SIDS
Sendai Framework: DRR
Istanbul Programme of Action: LDCs
Addis Ababa Action Agenda: FfD
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Follow up & Monitoring
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Building Peace
in the Minds of Men and Women
Over 70 years’
Experience in promoting international
cooperation in science
Origin of Copy
Right, CERN,
SESAME…
Secretariat of Intergovernmental
Science Programs
Convening Power
Neutral broker
LegitimacyNetworksChairs, Centers, Sites
Norm-Standard-Setting
Governance-Diplomacy-
Capacity Development
Credibility
Multi Sectoral MandateEducation, Science, Culture, Communication
195 Member States
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International Science Cooperation
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Natural Sciences for the 2030 Agenda
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Harnessing STI and knowledge for sustainable development Develop and monitor inclusive STI policy and knowledge systems
Increase capacity to produce, disseminate and apply STI
Increase capacity of LINKS and SIDS
Advancing science for sustainable management of natural resources, disaster risk reduction and climate change resilience IHP - water security challenges
IGGP & DRR - natural resources
MAB - natural resources, biodiversity, climate change resilience
UNESCO-designated sites as learning sites for sustainable
development
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ScienceS for the 2030 Agenda
Embedded in enabling ecosystem
Different sources of knowledge
ScienceS for SD: sustainability sciences, Future Earth
Continuum from primary education – STEM- TVET- HE
Relevance and Quality
Import versus local capacity development
Data Sharing and IPR
Funding and Donor’s interest, Regional representation
Science Governance, Advice, Diplomacy, Interface
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UNESCO’s SIDS Action Plan
UNESCO among the first UN organizations to take concrete
steps to put the priorities of the SAMOA Pathway into a
dedicated SIDS Action Plan
Developed in consultation with its SIDS Member States
Feedback received from the Pacific National Commissions
(meeting in Auckland, January 2015)
Aligned with Framework for Pacific Regionalism, and
Framework for Resilient Development in the Pacific
Approved by UNESCO Member States in April 2016
Resilience and local capacity development
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UNESCO’s SIDS Action Plan
5 priority areas covering UNESCO’s multidisciplanary mandate
1. Enhancing island capacities to achieve sustainable development through education and the reinforcement of human and institutional capacities
2. Enhancing SIDS resilience towards environmental, ocean, freshwater and natural resources sustainability
3. Preserving tangible and intangible cultural heritage and promoting culture for island sustainable development
4. Supporting SIDS in the management of social transformations and the promotion of social inclusion and social justice
5. Increasing connectivity, information management and knowledge sharing
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Natural Sciences for Pacific SIDS
Activities aligned with UNDAF, Pacific-wide UCPD, SIDS Action Plan
Priority activities
STI policy and capacity building in the Pacific (SDG targets: 9.5, 17.6) Women in Science (SDG targets: 5.5, 5.c) Local and indigenous knowledge systems (1.5-climate and disaster
resilience; 2.3—small-scale agriculture; 12.b—sustainable tourism; 13) Pacific MAB Network (SDG targets 14, 15, 12.b, 13) Freshwater (SDG targets 6, 14) Oceans (SDG 14) Climate change and disaster risk resilience, climate change education
and awareness raising (SDG targets 1.5, 4.7-ESD, 13)
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Climate Change
UNESCO’s Strategy for Action on Climate Change
Enable Member States to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts through education, sciences, culture and information and communication: Resilience
UNESCO for COP (U4C) Partnership Initiative
Promote collaboration between UNESCO and COP host countries for enhanced climate change awareness and action in the lead-up to, during, and in the follow-up to UNFCCC COPs.
Mobilizes and engages the scientific, educational, media, and private sector communities, + the public at large on key COP themes and issues
UNESCO welcomes opportunities to collaborate with Fiji. as the President of COP 23.
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Resilience in the Pacific
“Towards Climate Change Resilience: Minimizing Loss and Damage in the Pacific”
In partnership with the University of the South Pacific (USP)
Research in 5 countries (Cook Islands, Samoa, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste) on the negative impacts of climate change in Pacific communities.
Climate Change Education and Citizen Science: SANDWATCH Science-in-action and capacity-building on
coastal monitoring and awareness raising Stimulates local climate change adaptation
measures Cook Islands and Kiribati using Sandwatch
in their schools
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Indigenous Knowledge for Resilience
The Canoe Is the PeoplePacific Islander knowledge of the ocean environment and traditional
wayfinding www.canoeisthepeople.org
An interactive resource with inputs from master navigators and canoe builders from the Pacific
A Learner’s Resource Pack: Teacher Manual, Student workbook, poster and map (in English and Maori)
Developed with curriculum developers from Ministries of Education of Cook Islands, New Zealand and Tonga.
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Reef and Rainforest Environmental Wiki Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands
An online wiki based on Marovo knowledge with more than 1200 Marovoterms for things of the reef, rainforest, lagoon and ocean.
Developed with the people of Marovo Lagoon and the Ministry of Education, Solomon Islands.
http://en.marovo.org/index.php?title=About
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Oceans:
Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise
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Sea-Level Rise (SLR) at present the fastest in the Western Pacific; tropical cyclones there are the strongest
Ocean Acidification impacts on coral reefs:20% of coral reefs are already lost 25% are under high threat (WRI)
Decline in oxygen in the ocean:• due to mainly two anthropogenic
stressors: CO2-induced warming and increasing nutrient loads resulting from human activities
• > 600 dead zones
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IOC Tsunami Warning Systems
1965 - Pacific2005 - Indian Ocean
CaribbeanNE Atlantic & Mediterranean
DG visiting Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (Hawaii, September 2016)
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Freshwater
International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
Groundwater Multi-disciplinary assessment of groundwater resources in the
Caribbean, Africa and Pacific region (33 Member States - out of which 12 in the Pacific).
Pacific Partner: Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). Results: 75% of Pacific islands are at risk of water stress. Publication on the potential impacts of climate change on
groundwater resources on SIDS , released at COP21. Data currently being uploaded to UNESCO Water Information
Network System (IHP-WINS)
Integrated Freshwater Management International Initiative on Water Quality (IIWQ) Regional
Consultation on Water Quality in the Pacific SIDS
2017: Scoping of hydrology needs and priorities for Pacific SIDS to develop a programme for IHP in the Pacific from 2018
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Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme
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The Pacific MAB Network (PacMAB): Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Kiribati, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Tonga, Member of the World Network of Island and Coastal Biosphere Reserves (WNICBR)
Three PacMAB Biosphere Reserves: Utwe and Atoll (FSM),Ngaremeduu (Palau)
Sites of Excellences for Sustainable Development in Action
Driver for regional economic green/blue development
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Natural Sciences for the 2030 Agenda
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Harnessing STI and knowledge for sustainable development Develop and monitor inclusive STI policy and knowledge systems
Increase capacity to produce, disseminate and apply STI
Increase capacity of LINKS and SIDS
Advancing science for sustainable management of natural resources, disaster risk reduction and climate change resilience IHP - water security challenges
IGGP & DRR - natural resources
MAB - natural resources, biodiversity, climate change resilience
UNESCO-designated sites as learning sites for sustainable
development
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UNESCO STI Policy Response Package
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GO->SPIN ON-LINE
PLATFORM
Evidence Base
UNESCO GO-SPIN COUNTRY PROFILES
Support to the STI Policy cycle
Capacity Building
Awareness Raising
UIS STATISTICS
SURVEY
UNESCO GO-SPINSURVEY
STI POLICY DRAFTING
AND REVIEW
STI POLICY
IMPLEMENTATION
•POLICY MAKERS
•UNIVERSITIES•SCIENCE
DIPLOMACY•SCIENCE
ADVICE
•MULTI-STAKEHOLDER
FORUMS•GENDER IN
SCIENCE PROGRAMMES•SCIENCE
COMMUNICATION
•INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE DAYS
UIS STI
DATABASE
UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT
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UNESCO GO->SPIN Country Profiles
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In-depth country analysis of STI policies, governance and performance;
R&D and innovation indicators Inventory of:o STI institutions;o STI legal framework, o International STI agreements,o STI operational policy instruments
Multi sectoral Approach Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats (SWOT) of the STI system.
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UNESCO Science Report
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Global analysis of STI trends, in terms of capacities and efforts;
Regional and country analysis allows for policy benchmarking;
Focus on thematic priorities (Gender, IKS); Good STI policy practices presented and
analysed; Data/information provided by UNESCO
Institute for Statistics (UIS), GO-SPIN, OECD, World Bank, etc.
http://en.unesco.org/unesco_science_report
Monitoring STI
Policies:
UNESCO SCIENCE
REPORT
Towards 2030
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Global growth in R&D expenditure driven by
a few countries
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G20: World shares of GDP, GERD, researchers and publications, 2009 and 2013 (%)
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Gender equality still a challenge
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Figure 3.1: Regional shares of female researchers, 2013 (%)
Figure 3.2: The leaky pipeline: share of women in higher education and research, 2013 (%)
Although women have by and large reached parity in higher education, their share falls as one moves from education to research and plummets as one approaches the commanding heights of STI governance
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Scientific publications in Pacific SIDS
0
20
40
60
80
100
1202008
2014
Source of all publication data: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded, data treatment by Science-Metrix
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Scientific publications per million
inhabitants: Pacific SIDS, 2014
Source: UNESCO Science Report (2015), data from Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded, data treatment by Science-Metrix
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Vanuatu
78-100%
of articles with
international co-authors
across Pacific Island states
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Research priorities for Pacific SIDS:
renewable energy
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Tokelau first to generate 100% of electricity using renewable sources;
As of 2015: Vanuatu (15% renewable), Samoa (37%), Fiji (60%), Papua New Guinea (66%)
Renewable Energy in Pacific Island Countries Developing Skills and Capacity programme(EPIC)
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Research priorities for Pacific SIDS:
resilience to climate change
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• Secretariat of the Pacific Community for Climate Change, Fisheries and Agriculture
• Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change (2009)
• Secretariat of the Pacific Region Environmental Programme
• Adapting to Climate Change and Sustainable Energy programme
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Strong ICT growth in some Pacific Islands
Access to internet and mobile phone technologies on the rise in Fiji, Fed States of Micronesia, Tonga and Tuvalu
Population with internet and mobile phone accessin Oceania, 2013
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Specialized regional bodies established for
Pacific Island states
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)UNESCO Science Report 2010 pinpointed lack of national and regionalframeworks as stumbling block for developing integrated STI agendas.
Since, establishment of, inter alia:
• Secretariat of the Pacific Community for climate change, fisheries and agriculture;
• Pacific Forum Secretariat for transport and telecommunications
• Secretariat of the Pacific Region Environmental Programme
• Open issue: specific mandate for S&T policy.
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STI policy framework for Pacific SIDS:
regional activities
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• Pacific-Europe Network for STI (PACE-Net Plus)
o 1) climate action, resource efficiency and raw materials;
o 2) food security, sustainable agriculture, marine and maritime research, bio-economy;
o 3) health, demographic change and well-being.
• Pacific Islands University Research Network set up by PACE-Net
o Recommendations for the development of a regional S&T policy network.
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Science, Policy for the Pacific SIDS
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Small Islands but Big Ocean States
Unique biodiversity (high degree of endemism of many species)
Rich cultural identity and diversity
Exposed to global environmental challenges and external economic
shocks
Climate change impacts: Loss of lives, biodiversity, territory, livelihoods
Limited land resources + freshwater scarcity
Pressure on the restricted human and Institutional resources to
implement, produce data and monitor global frameworks
Urgency and critical mass
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Science, Policy for the Pacific SIDS
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Invest in comprehensive, flexible institutional and policy frameworks that
are informed by both science and local and indigenous knowledge
Create a policy environment responding to relevant issues for the Pacific
SIDS, building resilience to climate and natural disaster risks, developing
sustainable economic outlook
Science Policy Monitoring and Assessment, Science for Monitoring and
Assessment (Climate Change, Natural Hazards)
Critical Mass, regional approaches, international cooperation with local
relevance
Promote STI for adaptation and mitigation, education, public awareness
and communication towards resilience
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….an Opportunity?
STI enabler and driver for the SDGs
Society, Economy, Environment
One size does NOT fit all
Interconnectedness and Multi Stakeholder
Change or Transformation
Sciences, LINKS, Citizens’ Engagement
Patience, Respect, Humbleness, Humor
URGENCY
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SDG 17 Partnerships…INGSA/ICSU!
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Flavia Schlegel and SC Team
Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO
First Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA 29.3.2017
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Faafitai Lava, Samoa!
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Sustainable Development Goals and Science:
An Opportunity….
to be seized!
NATURAL SCIENCES
Flavia Schlegel,
Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO
First Science Dialogue for the Pacific, UNESCO/INGSA 29.3.2017
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