7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
1/50
A L I V E ,W E S H A L L T R Y P R O B L E M S O L V I N G
SURVIVE FROM A
DISASTER
Earthquake.
Tornado.
Hurricane. Flood.
Fire.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
2/50
2
In 1948, all the worlds governments made a firm
commitmentin the form of Article 3 of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rightsto
safeguard all peoples rights to life and security.
But for human rights to have meaning, it is notenough for them simply to exist. In the aftermath
of conflicts and disasters, affected communities
are all too often left without the assistance
required to save life and protect livelihoods.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
3/50
3
Geneva:India ranks second in the world for
natural disasters after China, a top UN official
has said. It was underlined that
unplanned urbanization and
failure to address the issue of climate change
pose a grave threat worldwide.
The two rapidly growing countries in the world, China
and India, rank first and second in the number of
reported natural disasters. While China witnessed 22
natural disasters, India came second with 16.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
4/50
4
A disaster is "a situation or
event which overwhelms
local capacity, necessitating
a request to a national or
international level of external
assistance" and "an
unforeseen and often
sudden event that causes
great damage, destruction
and human suffering."
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
5/50
NATURAL DISASTERS:
PREPARE, MITIGATE, MANAGE
Disaster preparedness includes all of the activities
that are carried out prior to the advance notice of a
catastrophe in order to facilitate the use of availableresources, relief, and rehabilitation in the best
possible fashion.
Disaster preparedness starts at the local communitylevel; if local resources were insufficient, it would
branch out to the national level, and if needed, the
international level. 5
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
6/50
Many governments fail to cope with threats like
storms, floods and earthquakes.
They fail to act effectively enough in response to these events,
or to take preventative action to reduce
unnecessary deaths and suffering.A GOVT. CAN BE CHANGED ONCE IN 5 YEARS ONLY!
6
Discuss the types of disasters that are most likely tohappen to U. Explain what to do in each case to your
own group.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
7/50
7
New Initiatives Taken By Government of India
1. National Disaster Management Framework
2. Home Secretary Letter to All Chief Secretaries 18.12.2002
3. Home Secretary Letter to All Chief Secretaries 26.05.2003
4. Deputy Prime Minister Letter to All Chief Ministers
29.07.2003
5. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF
ENGINEERS IN EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT
6. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF
ARCHITECTES IN EARTHQUAKE RISK MANAGEMENT
7. 38 CITIES "URBAN EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY
REDUCTION PROJECT"
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
8/50
8
The Northridge earthquake occurred on Jan. 17, 1994, in
Reseda, a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, Calif.,
and lasted for about 10-20 seconds.
The quake resulted in more than 60 deaths and more
than 5,000 injuries. More than 25,000 people were left
homeless, according to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency.
In addition, the earthquake caused an estimated $25
billion in damage, making it one of the costliest natural
disasters in the U.S. history.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
9/50
9
The Great Hanshin earthquake, or Kobe earthquake,
occurred on Jan. 17, 1995, in the southern part of Hyogo
Prefecture, Japan. The focus of the quake was located
16 km (10 miles) beneath its epicenter, 20 km (12 miles)
away from the city of Kobe. Measured at 6.8 magnitude,
the earthquake killed nearly 6,500 people, making it the
deadliest disaster in the world that year.
The Kobe quake caused about $100 billion in destruction,
but Japanese trade rebounded within a year, with
imports recovering fully and exports back to 85 percent
of normal levels.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
10/50
10
Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
was one of the worst disasters in the U.S. history. It
made landfall along the Gulf Coast on Aug. 25, 2005.
At least 1,836 people died in the hurricane and in the
subsequent floods. Five years later, thousands of
displaced residents in Mississippi and Louisiana were still
living in temporary accommodations.
The total damage from Katrina is estimated at $81
billion (2005 U.S. dollars). It also generated the largest
single loss in the history of insurance - $41 billion,
according to the Insurance Information Institute.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
11/50
11
The May 12, 2008, Sichuan earthquake was a
deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0
magnitude. The quake killed about 70,000
people and left more than 18,000 missing. The
epicenter was 80 km (50 miles) west-northwest
of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province,
where almost 4 million people resided.
Estimates put direct damage and losses from
the earthquake at $29 billion, with indirect
damage much higher.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
12/50
LOSS OF PEOPLE & $
12
About 373 natural disasters killed over 296,800
people in 2010.
The estimated costs of natural disasters in 2010,
in which an earthquake in Haiti killed over
222,500 people and the Russian heat wavecaused around 56,000 fatalities, is around $ 110
billion.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
13/50
13
Other than the Haiti earthquake and the heat
wave in Russia, other major disasters include the
earthquake in China (estimate number of
deaths 2,968), floods in Pakistan (1985 deaths),
landslides in China (1765 people killed) andfloods in China.
Floods, drought, earthquake, and extreme
temperatures are the major sources for rising
wave natural disasters.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
14/50
14
White smokes rises from burning
houses in Yamadamachi in
Iwate Prefecture, northern Japan,
Saturday, March 12, 2011, one day
after a strong earthquake triggered a devastating
tsunami in the area. (AP Photo/Kenji Shimizu, The
Yomiuri Shimbun) The aftermath of the March 11
earthquake and tsunami in Japan has been
devastating. Meanwhile, the government struggled to
contain a nuclear crisis, which added to the country's
disaster.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
15/50
15
So far, 8,649 people dead and another 13,262 missing
since the 9.0-magnitude quake struck off the coast near
Sendai, Japan, on March 11, 2011. The damage caused
by the earthquake and resulting tsunami was enormous.
Failure of the cooling system at the Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plant intensified the situation, resulting in
evacuation of about 200,000 people residing around the
plant.
Japan's government had a estimate of $309 billion.
Estimate could go higher as it does not include losses in
economic activity from planned power outages.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
16/50
16
Indeed, the very actions of
some governments and their
national elitesplace marginalised people at risk from disasters by
discriminating against them, like those who live in
flimsy slum housing easily destroyed by floods and
landslips.We didnt ask them to be there. God help them.
Meet your family and discuss why you need
to prepare for disaster. Explain the dangers offire, severe weather, and earthquakes to
children. Plan to share responsibilities and worktogether as a team.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
17/50
17
Disaster mitigation
It is the ongoing effort to lessen the impact
disasters have on people and property.
Fewer people and communities would be
affected by natural disasters with the use of this
process.
Because of the varying degree of each natural
disaster, there are different mitigation strategies
for each.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
18/50
Even in daunting economic times, the world can
afford to meet the humanitarian needs of every
person struggling to survive a disaster.
It is possible to reduce the threats from climate-
related catastrophes.It is possible for governments to provide good-
quality aid to their citizens. The governments of
developing countries must take greater
responsibility for responding to disasters and
reducing peoples vulnerability to them. 18
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
19/50
NATIONAL POLICY ONDISASTER MANAGEMENT (NPDM)
INDIA
India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a largenumber of natural as well as man-madedisasters. 58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone
to earthquakes of moderate to very highintensity; over 40 million hectares (12 per cent ofland) is prone to floods and river erosion; of the7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is
prone to cyclones and tsunamis; 68 per cent ofthe cultivable area is vulnerable to drought andhilly areas are at risk from landslides andavalanches.
19
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
20/50
NATIONAL POLICY ON DISASTERMANAGEMENT(NPDM)
Heightened vulnerabilities to disaster risks_ related to
expanding population, urbanization and industrialization,
development within high-risk zones, environmental
degradation and climate change. The economically and
socially weaker segments of the population are most
seriously affected. Elderly persons, women rendered
destitute and children orphaned on account of disasters
and the differently abled persons are exposed to higher
risks. 20
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
21/50
21
On 23 December, 2005, the Government of India (GoI)
took a defining step by enacting the Disaster
Management Act, 2005, (hereinafter referred to as the
Act) which envisaged the creation of the National
Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the
Prime Minister, State Disaster Management Authorities
(SDMAs) headed by the Chief Ministers, and District
Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs) headed by
the Collector or District Magistrate or Deputy
Commissioner as the case may be, to spearhead and
adopt a holistic and integrated approach to DM.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
22/50
22
There will be a paradigm shift, from the erstwhile
relief-centric response to a proactive prevention,
mitigation and preparedness-driven approach for
conserving developmental gains and also to
minimise losses of life, livelihoods and property.
VISION: To build a safe and disaster resilient India
by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster
oriented and technology driven strategy through a
culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and
response.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
23/50
23
The growth in localised climate-related shocks will
hit people in developing countries hardest,
because their homes and livelihoods will be most
vulnerable.
So developing countries will need to enable
regional authorities and civil society to respond
effectively. Whether or not there is sufficient will to
do this will be one of the defining features of our
age, and will dictate whether millions live or die.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
24/50
24
DroughtThere are three types of droughts;
Meteorological drought is when the actual rainfall is
much less than the climatologically mean of the area.
Hydrological drought results from the depletion of
surface water and Agricultural drought resulting from
depletion of soil Moisture. India has been severelyaffected by droughts over the past years. The agriculture
in India is dependent on rains, which when is not
adequate results in poor yielding of crops. Drought-prone regions are southern/eastern Maharashtra,
northern Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat,
and Rajasthan.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
25/50
In India, the National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (NREGA) has created 900 million
person-days of employment for rural people
living in poverty, the advent of social protection
mechanisms offers the hope that the cycle of
disaster and poverty can be broken. The state is
the principal guarantor of its citizens right to life.
And the impetus to make the state deliver better
lifesaving assistance is often the action of citizens
holding their governments to account. 25
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
26/50
26
The NREGA came about because Indian
national legislators had the political will tochallenge rural vulnerability.
With strong rights-based legislation and clear
mechanisms of accountability, the NREGA has
the potential to improve government services
so that they meet the demands of active andempowered citizens.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
27/50
The humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first
century is this: an increasing total of largely local catastrophic events,
increasing numbers of people vulnerable to them,
too many governments failing to prevent or respond tothem, and
an international humanitarian system unable to cope.
Humanitarian emergencies are caused by
conflict, other human-made crises, and
environmental hazards.27
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
28/50
These cause immense suffering. For those who
do not immediately lose their lives, many willlose loved ones, experience catastrophic
damage to their homes and livelihoods, witness
the destruction of their communities, and suffer
the dangers and humiliations of displacement
and destitution. For them, the aftermath of acatastrophe becomes a daily struggle for
survival, for dignity and for a future.
28
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
29/50
29
As the twenty-first century progresses,
humanity will face a greater threat fromcatastrophic events.
Let us estimate what is the growth in
humanitarian need between now and 2020.
Take a look at some of the reasons why so many
more people will feel the impact of these
catastrophic events in the coming decades.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
30/50
30
In particular, let us look at how vulnerability,
defined by
who one is,
where one lives, and
how one makes a living, will have a direct
bearing on the chances of surviving the
immediate effects or longer-term impact of
catastrophes with health and livelihood
intact.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
31/50
31
Ask what can realistically be done to help those affected
by the vast and seemingly overwhelming forces of climate
change, population growth, displacement, and
vulnerability.
The necessary skills, knowledge, and financial resources
can be mobilised to radically reduce the numbers of
people who will die or be made destitute by catastrophes
For this to happen, all partiesgovernments, the UN, civil-
society organisations, and ordinary citizens must
acknowledge and respond to the growing threat.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
32/50
32
Mumbai is one of the worlds most populous cities. Built
on a narrow, low lying promontory jutting into the
Arabian Sea, it is also one ofthe most vulnerable cities in
the world to coastal and rainwater flooding.
Some 54 percent of the citys population live in slums,
many of them built on reclaimed swamp-land to the
north and east of the centre.
In July 2005, widespread flooding in Mumbai caused
the deaths of around 900 people, most killed not by
drowning but by landslips and collapsed buildings.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
33/50
33
Mumbai
The impact of unusually high rainfall wascompounded by failure to invest in replacing
Mumbais crumbling early twentieth-century
drainage network, the uncontrolled
development of the citys poorer suburbs, and
the destruction of rainwater sinks (in particular,the mangrove swamps that had once
surrounded the city).Mumbai- kars coped well.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
34/50
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
35/50
35
Alas, the Assam Transport Minister has now
promised to introduce a new and better ferry
service across the river.
Was the government sleeping so far?
Unfortunately, in our country, the administration
rises from its slumber only when a disaster strikes!
When will Indians get governments that acts
pro-actively ?
_a commentator on the boat disaster.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
36/50
36
Two killed, two others injured, 1.000 houses
damaged as wind, rain wreak havoc in
Pathanamthitta [Kerala], April 24, 2012
A fierce whirl wind, accompanied by heavy summer
showers wreaked havoc in many parts of Adoor and
Kozhencherry taluks of Pathanamthitta (Kerala) on
Monday evening.
As per an official survey conducted by the Revenue
department, 403 houses partially damaged and 113
houses fully destroyed. The official survey has estimated
loss worth Rs 2.12 crore in the natural calamity.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
37/50
37
Sudden shocks such as flooding and
earthquakes are not the only risks for poor
urban populations. Other risks are:
People live close to each other,
without adequate housing,
water and sanitation,
health services, or education,
leading to the increased risk of epidemics of
communicable disease.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
38/50
BUILDING STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND
EMPOWERING AFFECTED PEOPLE
Governments must reinforce national and local
capacity to respond in emergencies and to reduce
peoples vulnerability; donorgovernments and
others must substantially increase their support to
help them do that;
Communities must be empowered to demand
that governments and others fulfil their obligations to
safeguard their lives, as well as to respond to and
prepare for disasters themselves; and .. 38
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
39/50
BUILDING STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND
EMPOWERING AFFECTED PEOPLE
Continued
The international community, including
regional organisations, must use mediation
and diplomacy far more robustly to press
states to assist their own citizens.
39
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
40/50
40
Poor people in urban settings are often highly
vulnerable to conflict and violence too. In conflict as
well as disasters, civil-society organisations can
influence the way affected people are treated, and
support them in demanding that governments uphold
their rights. Humanitarian organisations, both local
and international, regularly demonstrate enormous
skill, commitment and courage in delivering essential
aid to those who need it most.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
41/50
41
In rural areas, high population density, the
increasing stress on productive land, soil
degradation, and increasing aridity due to
climate change are making hundreds of millions
of rural livelihoods vulnerable.
People are being forced to eke out a precarious
living on land that is becoming more and more
arid and degraded, with the result that food is
getting harder and harder to come by.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
42/50
42
People affected by emergencies deserve aid
that is more than just an empty gesture of
support. They deserve aid that:
1 Saves lives (that is relevant, good quality, and
well-managed);2 is delivered impartially on the basis of need;
3 is accountable, with mechanisms to challenge
failure and abuse;
4 builds durable solutions; and
5 is sufficiently resourced.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
43/50
43
A continuous and integrated process of
planning, organizing, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary or
expedient for:
Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. Mitigation or reduction of risk of any disaster or
its severity or consequences.
Capacity building including research and
knowledge management.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
44/50
44
Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
Prompt response to any threatening
disaster situation or disaster.
Assessing the severity or magnitude of
effects of any disaster.
Evacuation, rescue and relief.
Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
45/50
45
There is nothing inevitable about a future in
which greater numbers of people die and are
made destitute by natural hazards and conflict.
In a future of climate change, rising hazard and
a proliferation of disasters, the world can stillmitigate threats and reduce peoples
vulnerability to them.
Many governments, humanitarian organisations,
and communities are already doing thisbut not
nearly enough.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
46/50
46
The United Nations (UN) International Day for
Natural Disaster Reduction is annually observedon the second Wednesday of October to raisethe profile of disaster risk reduction. It alsoencourages people and governments toparticipate in building more resilient communities
and nations.
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
47/50
47
What do people do?
Activities for the International Day for Natural
Disaster Reduction usually include
media announcements about launches forcampaigns that center on the day's theme.
Governments and communities also take
part in the International Day for Natural
Disaster Reduction
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
48/50
48
This is done through various events such as
drawing, drama, essay or
photography competitions that focus on
making people aware of natural disaster
reduction and
increasing their preparedness for such
situations. Other activities include:
community tree planting; conferences, fairs
and seminars; and street parades.
N t l di t t i th l il f il f
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
49/50
49
Natural disasters are not in themselves evil or a failure of
God. A classic example of this is earthquakes. An
earthquake causes massive damage to humans and canresult in extreme losses of life. The fact is, however, that
earthquakes are a part of the processes that keep the
earth living and suitable for life. Land masses wear downwith time because of rain, snow, freezing, heating,
glaciers, landslides, and gravitational forces. If there were
no forces that lift the land to replenish the worn away
parts, after a while all land on the earth would be under
water.
M ' bl i th t th th d t di th
7/28/2019 Survive Natural Disasters
50/50
Man's problem is that rather than understanding these
processes as natural and beneficial, we tend to worship
the forces and ignore the common sense lessons allaround us.
If you build your house in the mouth of a volcano you
have no complaint when it erupts. People continue to ignore the warnings of nature and
the lessons of the past. The results are frequently
catastrophic. Draining wet-lands, building huge
structures that alter climate, and placing massive
structures over fault zones in the earth have resulted in