SuccessSuccessSuccessSuccess storystorystorystory of RES of RES of RES of RES integrationintegrationintegrationintegration in in in in SpainSpainSpainSpainTomás Gómez (Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica)
Jornada IEEE PES Capítulo Español
Madrid, 17 Abril 2018
Research on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IITResearch on wind and RES in IIT
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Research on RES at IIT
Projects Publications PhD Thesis
• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve
• Voltage control
• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones
• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer
• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap
• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50
ContentsContentsContentsContents
www.twenties-project.eu
TWENTIES TWENTIES TWENTIES TWENTIES projectprojectprojectproject (2010(2010(2010(2010----13)13)13)13)
DEMO 1 SYSERWIND (Leader: IBR)
•Tests to provide new active and reactive power
control services to the system (EMS level), using improved systems, devices and tools, but keeping the current hardware at wind farm level.
•Tests to provide new active and reactive power
control services to the system (EMS level), using improved systems, devices and tools, but keeping the current hardware at wind farm level.
Main objectiveMain objective
•Active power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide secondary frequency
regulation.
•Reactive power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide voltage regulation.
•Expected impact:
•Preserving stability and security of the energy transmission system
•Higher controllability of the wind energy
•Deeper penetration of wind power into the Transmission Network.
•Active power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide secondary frequency
regulation.
•Reactive power regulation: several wind farms aggregated to provide voltage regulation.
•Expected impact:
•Preserving stability and security of the energy transmission system
•Higher controllability of the wind energy
•Deeper penetration of wind power into the Transmission Network.
ApproachApproach
www.twenties-project.eu
111 MW 122 MW
248 MW
480 MW
2 control centers:
CORE & CECRE
480 MW
2 control centers:
CORE & CECRE
Results
Voltage control by 3 wind farms
2020 Results: Wind Dw reserves
CASE A CASE B Difference Difference [%]
Operating Costs [M€] 7444 7361 83 1,1%
CO2 emissions [MTCO2] 48,9 49,0 -0,1 -0,2%
Wind generation [TWh] 72,9 72,80 0,14 0,2%
www.twenties-project.eu
16,82%
(1113 GWh)
55,51%
(3675 GWh)
11,75%
(778 GWh)
15,92%
(1054 GWh) Thermal Dw
Reserve
Hydro Dw Reserve
Wind Dw Reserve
Pump Dw Reserve
Benefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserveBenefits of providing secondary reserve
• OPEXA - OPEX B = 83 M€ (1.1%)
• Conditions for a high economic impacthigh economic impacthigh economic impacthigh economic impact:
• Systems with a high share ofhigh share ofhigh share ofhigh share of wind power capacity and other technologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power controltechnologies that do not provide active power control (nuclear, other RES).
• Systems with a low sharelow sharelow sharelow share of installed capacity of flexible generating flexible generating flexible generating flexible generating sourcessourcessourcessources, such as pumped storage hydro plants.
• In general, systems in which up and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraintsup and down reserve constraints highly condition the resulting generation schedulinggeneration schedulinggeneration schedulinggeneration scheduling.
• The impact becomes negligiblenegligiblenegligiblenegligible if pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro pumped storage hydro plantsplantsplantsplants are allowed to provide active power control when when when when consuming consuming consuming consuming tootootootoo
• Twenties has overcome a major technical barrier preventing better use of WG. Other barriers remain to be addressed: primary regulation, inertia, …
• Regulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are neededRegulatory changes are needed to take advantage of the new capabilities proven in the demo.
www.twenties-project.eu
Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at Benefits of voltage control at transmissiontransmissiontransmissiontransmission
Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the Improving PQ response at the connection pointconnection pointconnection pointconnection point
Different network topologiesDifferent network topologiesDifferent network topologiesDifferent network topologies
Losses minimization at Losses minimization at Losses minimization at Losses minimization at subtransmissionsubtransmissionsubtransmissionsubtransmission
• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve
• Voltage control
• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones
• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer
• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap
• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50
ContentsContentsContentsContents
Integración de parques eólicos en una zona de regulación (2x30MW)
Estrategias de integración
Integración pasiva:
- Unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables no están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGCno están controladas por el AGC
- Operación habitual al punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima punto de potencia máxima (MPPT)
- El AGC modificará el comportamiento de las unidades convencionales en regulación para
hacer frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos renovables renovables renovables renovables
Integración activa:
- Unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables activamente activamente activamente activamente en regulaciónen regulaciónen regulaciónen regulación, suponiendo costes de regulación inferiores
al resto de las plantas en regulación
- El AGC suele exigir a los unidades renovables su mayor potencia posible (MPPT)
- Si la señal del control (ACE) pide una disminución exigente de la potencia en regulación, el
AGC puede bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades bajar la generación de los unidades renovables renovables renovables renovables como ultima medida
- El AGC modificará el comportamiento de las unidades convencionales en regulación para
hacer frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos frente a los desvíos renovablesrenovablesrenovablesrenovables
Comportamiento parques eólicos
Desvíos a cubrir por el AGC (activa y pasiva)
Reducción de la generación eólica (activa)
Consigna del AGC (activa)
Programación (activa y pasiva)
Generación (activa y pasiva)
Evaluation de la integration (3 días)Generación eólica menor
en el escenario activo
En comparación con el escenario sin eólica:
Disminución de los incumplimientos de la zona
(mejora del criterio de la exactitud de la regulación)
Disminución de la
energía reconocida de
la regulación
Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC Economic evaluation of the AGC zone with wind integrationzone with wind integrationzone with wind integrationzone with wind integration
• Economic analysis:
• Removal of wind deviation penalizations
• If wind deviations are balanced, little impact on fuel consumption of conventional regulation units
• Negative impact on secondary regulation energy
• Positive impact on penalties/bonus of zone compliance with REE AGC signals
• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve
• Voltage control
• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones
• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer
• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap
• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50
ContentsContentsContentsContents
� The electrical layout is a key element in Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) design
� OWL OWL OWL OWL (Offshore Windfarm Layout optimizer)� ComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensive tool: HVDC, losses, uncertainty in wind
and component failures
� Applies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies decomposition strategies to solve the problem efficientlyefficientlyefficientlyefficiently� Benders + subtree partition + scenario aggregation +
partially relaxed cuts
� Progressive Contingency Incorporation
� OWL has been applied to several case case case case studiesstudiesstudiesstudies� For a real case study we see potential savings of 800k
with a layout that differs from pre-established configurations (2.2% better in investment cost, 8.2% better in curtailed production penalties)
Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)Offshore Wind Farm Layout Optimizer (2014)
�CollectorCollectorCollectorCollector system� Links the turbines among
them
� Traditionally, analyses have been limited to prepreprepre----established established established established configurations
Problem descriptionProblem descriptionProblem descriptionProblem description
� Transmission system
� Links the wind farm to the point of common coupling (PCC)
� MVAC
� HVAC
� HVDC (LCC, VSC)
� Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm Barrow Offshore Wind Farm (BOWF)
� Project completed in 2006 by Centrica and Dong Energy in the East Irish Sea
� Solved the electrical layout to check it against the implemented design
Real case study (I)Real case study (I)Real case study (I)Real case study (I)
• Four rows
• Linked with MV120 cables upgraded to MV300 close to the extremes
• Offshore substation with a 120MVA transformer
• Sends power to shore through a HVAC400 line
[http://www.bowind.co.uk/]
Real case study (II)Real case study (II)Real case study (II)Real case study (II)
�The solution provided by OWL is better in both better in both better in both better in both investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy investment cost (0.85%) and curtailed energy (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms (6.7%) terms [MEUR], [MEUR/y]
�This means EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings EUR 800k savings during the life of the project, 410k at the investment stage
Real case study (III)Real case study (III)Real case study (III)Real case study (III)
Total InvC CPC Losses
Actual layout [MEUR] 2.28 19.10 0.66 0.22
Optimized layout [MEUR] 2.24 18.69 0.61 0.25
• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve
• Voltage control
• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones
• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer
• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap
• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50
ContentsContentsContentsContents
SETSETSETSET----NavNavNavNav Strategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy RoadmapStrategic Energy Roadmap
The scenariosThe scenariosThe scenariosThe scenarios
Results Results Results Results ---- TakeawayTakeawayTakeawayTakeaway
• TWENTIES• Secondary reserve
• Voltage control
• Integration of wind farms in AGC zones
• Offshore wind farm layout optimizer
• SET-Nav Strategy Energy Roadmap
• Market Design: Scenarios 2030-50
ContentsContentsContentsContents
Metodología: modelado y remuneración de tres productos diferentes
Producto Definición Remuneración
1. Energía Energía inyectada al sistema,
independientemente de su fuente
Coste marginal de inyectar un MWh
adicional en cada hora (€/MWh)
2. Potencia firme Potencia máxima que cada
tecnología puede garantizar inyectar
durante la hora punta del sistema
Coste marginal de proveer un MW
firme adicional (€/MW_firme)
3. Energía renovable Generación de origen renovable Al margen de la remuneración de los
dos productos anteriores, podría
necesitarse una remuneración
adicional para cumplir con una cuota
de generación renovable. Su valor
está basado en el coste de proveer
un MWh renovable adicional
(€/MWh_renovable).
Market design: Scenarios 2030-50
Inversiones 2030 -2050
El crecimiento de la demanda es clave para determin ar la cantidad de inversiones necesarias
La eólica y solar jugarán un papel preponderante en el futuro mix eléctrico
Las inversiones en ciclos abiertos se adelantan con el cierre nuclear a 40 años
Las inversiones en nuevos ciclos combinados y baterías se realizarían a partir de 2040
Precios del mercadoPrecios del mercadoPrecios del mercadoPrecios del mercado
% renovable = 46 % % renovable = 54 %
% renovable = 70 % % renovable = 85 %
La nueva potencia instalada necesita un pago adicio nal por su contribución a la capacidad firme
El precio de mercado es insuficiente para recuperar los costes fijos de inversión y O&M de las centrales marginales que proporcionan potencia firme (ciclos combinados, ciclos abiertos y baterías)
A partir de 2030 es necesario un pago adicional de hasta 65.000 €/MW_firme para las tecnologías que proporcionen potencia firme.
Remuneración de la potencia firme
*No se ha considerado la hibernación de los ciclos existentes
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2025 2030 2040 2050
€/M
W_
firm
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0% crecimiento demanda 2% crecimiento demanda
Las renovables necesitan una remuneración adicional para alcanzar el cumplimiento de objetivos
Incluso en el escenario de costes de inversión en renovables más reducidos, la penetración de renovables es insuficiente para alcanzar los objetivos fijados por la UE en ningún hito temporal
Ello se debe al proceso de “canibalización”: la entrada progresiva de producción renovable a coste variable muy bajo (casi 0) deprime el precio del mercado y los ingresos de mercado de estas tecnologías hasta el punto en que deja de ser rentable invertir en ellas, limitando de forma natural su penetración
Objetivos de renovables y remuneración adicional
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2025 2030 2040 2050
€/M
Wh
Remuneración adicional a la
renovable
0% crecimiento demanda 2% crecimiento demanda
Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica
Santa Cruz de Marcenado, 26
28015 Madrid
Tel +34 91 542 28 00
Fax + 34 91 542 31 76
www.comillas.edu
Thank you for your attention !!!
This presentation has been made with contributions from IIT researchers:
Javier García, Lukas Sigrist, Kai Doenges, Luis Rouco, Enrique Lobato,
Andrés Ramos, Sara Lumbreras, Jose Pablo Chaves, among others