Study of Short Range Correlation
in Nuclei
High-momentum components of the
nuclear wave function
and the short-range tensor N-N interaction
Eli Piasetzky Tel Aviv University ISRAEL July 2015
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Mean Field NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations
in nuclei
17f
SRC ~RN LRC ~RA
K 1 gt KF
K 2 gt KF
K 1
K 2
K 1 K 2
1f
Nucleons
2N-SRC
17f
o = 016 GeVfm3
~1 fm
17 fm
In momentum space
A pair with large relative
momentum between the
nucleons and small CM
momentum
FCM
Frel
KK
KK
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
Partonic (hadronic) structure
of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks
to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow
large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions
Nucleons
2N-SRC
MISSING
Spectroscopic
factors
for (e ersquop)
reactions
show only
60-70
of the
expected
single-particle
strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)
Correlations Between Nucleons
SRC and LRC
Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Mean Field NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations
in nuclei
17f
SRC ~RN LRC ~RA
K 1 gt KF
K 2 gt KF
K 1
K 2
K 1 K 2
1f
Nucleons
2N-SRC
17f
o = 016 GeVfm3
~1 fm
17 fm
In momentum space
A pair with large relative
momentum between the
nucleons and small CM
momentum
FCM
Frel
KK
KK
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
Partonic (hadronic) structure
of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks
to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow
large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions
Nucleons
2N-SRC
MISSING
Spectroscopic
factors
for (e ersquop)
reactions
show only
60-70
of the
expected
single-particle
strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)
Correlations Between Nucleons
SRC and LRC
Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
What are Short Range (Tensor) Correlations
in nuclei
17f
SRC ~RN LRC ~RA
K 1 gt KF
K 2 gt KF
K 1
K 2
K 1 K 2
1f
Nucleons
2N-SRC
17f
o = 016 GeVfm3
~1 fm
17 fm
In momentum space
A pair with large relative
momentum between the
nucleons and small CM
momentum
FCM
Frel
KK
KK
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
Partonic (hadronic) structure
of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks
to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow
large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions
Nucleons
2N-SRC
MISSING
Spectroscopic
factors
for (e ersquop)
reactions
show only
60-70
of the
expected
single-particle
strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)
Correlations Between Nucleons
SRC and LRC
Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
Partonic (hadronic) structure
of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
The 2N-SRC can experimentally be study now thanks
to the high-energy high-intensity facilities that allow
large-momentum transfer (hard) reactions
Nucleons
2N-SRC
MISSING
Spectroscopic
factors
for (e ersquop)
reactions
show only
60-70
of the
expected
single-particle
strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)
Correlations Between Nucleons
SRC and LRC
Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
MISSING
Spectroscopic
factors
for (e ersquop)
reactions
show only
60-70
of the
expected
single-particle
strengthL Lapikas Nucl Phys A553 297c (1993)
Correlations Between Nucleons
SRC and LRC
Benhar et al Phys Lett B 177 (1986) 135
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The inclusive A(eersquo) measurements
At high nucleon momentum
distributions are similar in shape for
light and heavy nuclei SCALING
Can be explained by 2N-SRC dominance
Within the 2N-SRC dominance picture one can get the
probability of 2N-SRC in any nucleus from the scaling factor
But For fixed high Q2 and xBgt1 xB
determines a minimum pi
In A(eersquo) the momentum of the
struck proton (pi) is unknown
ee
q pi
Prediction by
Frankfurt Sargsian
and Strikman
)()( knCkn DAA
Adapted from
Ciofi degli Atti
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Results from JLab Hall C (E02-019)
a2N(Ad)
Q2=25GeV2
N Fomin et al Phys Rev Lett 108092502 2012
More r(Ad) dataSLAC D Day et al PRL 59427(1987)
Jlab Hall B K Sh Egiyan et al PRC 68 014313 (2003)
K Sh Egiyan et al PRL 96 082501 (2006)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
8
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
9
triple ndash coincidence measurements
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
10
triple ndash coincidence measurements
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
11
triple ndash coincidence measurements
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
12
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
13
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
14
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
15
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
BNL EVA
12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquop)
[12C(eersquopp) 12C(eersquop)] 2
[12C(eersquopn) 12C(eersquopp)] 2
R Subedi et al Science 320 1476 (2008)
12C
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
np pp SRC pairs ratio
c Al Fe Pb
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
At 300-600 MeVc there is an excess strength in
the np momentum distribution due to the strong
correlations induced by the tensor NN potential
3He3He
V18 Bonn
np np
pn
pp
pp pp
ppnp
3HeSchiavilla Wiringa Pieper
Carson PRL 98132501 (2007)
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
Ciofi and Alvioli
PRL 100 162503 (2008)
L = 0 2
SRC
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
E07-006 (2011) 4He
22
I Korover et al Phys Rev Let 113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
56)1( ZZ
66 NZ
C
A
SRCnp
SRCnp
12
C
A
SRCpp
SRCpp
12
CLAS JLab data see C Colle et al
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The mass dependence of the SRC pairs
httparxivorgabsarXiv150306050
N=0 (nodeless) L=o
IPM pairs
Predominantly
L=02 T=0 S=1
(deuteron like) pairs
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
A proton have a greater probability than a neutron to
be above the Fermi sea
np-dominance and asymmetric neutron rich nuclei
Possible inversion of the momentum sharing
np kk
Fkk
Universal property
Pauli Principle
pn kk
proton
protons
neutrons
M Sargsian PhysRev C89 (2014) 3 034305
O Hen et al Science 346 614 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei
Light nuclei Alt11
Variational Monte Carlo
calculations by the
Argonne group
N - Z
A
ltKEgtp n
ltKEgt
p minus n
( protons move faster than neutrons in NgtZ nuclei )
)1(
)1(
)1(
)1(
kn
kn
kn
kn
p
p
n
n
Wiringa et al
phys Rev C89 034305 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Momentum sharing in the A=3 nuclei
JLab E14-011
(Approved experiment)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
~1 fm
5 GeVc 109 protons sec
fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
A window of opportunity for
5-10 GeVc protonssec on a fixed target
A proposal to the National Natural Science Foundation of China
With Dr Jenny Lee to design and build a detector for the recoil
particle
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Why HE protons are good probes of SRC
selective attention to SRC
Selective attention A type of attention which
involves focusing on a specific aspect of a
scene while ignoring other aspects
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
p p pp elastic scattering
near 900 cm
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
31
Other reasons Why several GeV and up protons
are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
with wide angle scattering
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
Cross section is large
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
A Tang et al Phys Rev Lett 90 042301 (2003)
12C(p prsquopn) measurements at EVA BNL
γ
pf
pn
Piasetzky Sargsian Frankfurt
Strikman Watson PRL 162504(2006)
Removal of a proton with
momentum above 275 MeVc
from 12C is 92plusmn818
accompanied by a recoil high
momentum neutron
σCM=0143plusmn0017 GeVc
Directional correlation
count rate was only ~1 per week
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Mapping the transition from mean field to SRC
EVA BNL
Only 18 12C(p2p+n) events
with pngtkF
cMeVpmiss 15
With 100ps TOF resolution
n
Migdal jump
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
SRC Isospin Structure and the Tensor Force
We propose
First measurement below 400 MeVc
Better statistics above 600 MeVc
At 400-600 MeVc
3He
Sargsian Abrahamyan Strikman
Frankfurt PR C71 044615 (2005)
I Korover et al Phys Rev Lett 113 022501
(2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Asymmetric nuclei NgtZ
Who are the parents of the 2N-SRC pairs
Z=20
N=20
Z=20
N=28
Add 8
f72
neutr
ons
Z=26
N=28Add 8 protons
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
What is the role
played by short
range correlation of
more than two
nucleons
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Summary ndash relevant of Correlations
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Jan Ryckebush
Jenny Lee
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems41
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV JLab approved experiment E 12-11-107
proton
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
1 Spectator TaggingSelects DIS off high momentum
(high virtuality) nucleons
12 GeV submitted proposal to CLAS
neutron
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
du=0
du=02
du=12
ud-SRC
du -gt1
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
SRC
EMC
PRL 106 052301 (2011) also PRC 85 047301 (2012)
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality ( )22 mp
EMC SRC correlation
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
New PRELIMINARY data from MAINZ
In medium FF are also associated with large virtuality
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Hypothesis can be verified by measuring DIS off Deuteron tagged with high momentum recoil nucleon
EMC
12 GeV JLab Hall C approved experiment E 12-11-107
Tagged recoil proton measure neutron structure function
Tagged recoil neutron measure in the proton structure function
12 GeV JLab Hall B proposal
See details in a talk by EPiasetzky on Thursday
the EMC effect is associated with large virtuality
22 mp
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Implications
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
IMC Effect Agrees with BONUS
50
BONUS IMC measurement (dp+n)
IMC Effect Slope
BONUS -010(5)
EMCSRC -009(1)
O Hen et al Phys Rev C 85 047301 (2012) K Griffioen et al In-Preparation (2015)
Freenp
pair
Weinstein et al PRL 106 052301 (2011)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
EMC IMC
EMC (ratio to deuterium) IMC (ratio to free (unbound) pn pair)
IMC- In-Medium Correction
np
d
d
A
np
A AA
2
PRL 106 052301 (2011)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Weinstein et al Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
One should not neglect the EMC effect using deuteron
and proton data to extract free neutron properties
EMCSRC
larger d u ratio x-gt1
Neutron structure function
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
NuTeV anomaly
Ask Misak if he will address this implication of SCEMC
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank the organizers
Raphael Dupre and Sergio Scopetta
for the invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Raphael Dupre
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The observable of choice
The recoil polarization of a knockout proton in
quasi-elastic scattering
)( peeA
obtained from a single measurement with syst and stat uncertainties
~1sensitive to the properties of the nucleon (size charge
disthellip only moderately sensitive to MEC IC
FSI Minimal affected by radiative
corrections
GEpGMp
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Dependent on proton virtuality
Jlab approved proposal PR_12-11-002 Jlab E03-104 Data
Adapted from S Strauch
S Dieterich et al PL B500 47 (2001)
S Strauch et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
M Paolone et al PRL 91 052301 (2003)
Calculations by the Madrid group
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CTEQ calculations
SLAC Data
CT10W -
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
SLAC Data
JPG 36(2009)205005
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The IMC (at a 90 CL)
du ratio for x-gt1 023plusmn009
Nucleon Model F2nF2p
du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr
quarr)
37 15
INC constrained du x--gt1 ratio
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effectO Hen E Piasetzky (Tel Aviv U) LB Weinstein (Old Dominion U) Feb 2012]Phys Rev C85 (2012) 047301
Robustness
07 IMC
125 IMC
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Summary
After 30 years the EMC effect is well established measured effect with no consensus as to its origin
SRC and EMC are linearly correlated
Can be verify by measuring DIS tagged by a high momentum recoil spectatorAn approved experiment at 12 GeV JLab EIC possibility
We suggest that this correlation occurs because both phenomena are related to high-momentum (large virtuality) nucleons
Based on the EMCSRC correlation we claim an lsquoEMC likersquo (IMC) effectalso in deuteron which impacts extraction of free neutron SFand proton du ratio at large x
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
AcknowledgmentI would like to thank Thia Katerina and Pavel for the
invitation
Collaborators
Or Hen Larry Weinstein
Shalev Gilad Doug
Higinbothan Steve Wood
John Watson
Misak Sargsian Mark
Strikman Leonid
Frankfurt Gerald Miller
Rolf for giving the talk with zero time for preparation
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Acknowledgment
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 (2011)
Phys Rev C85 047301 (2012)
Phys Rev D84 117501 (2011)
InternatIional Journal of Modern Physics E
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
A
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Ciofi and Simula PRC 53 (1996) 1689
Frankfurt and Strikman
PL B183 (1987) 254
The EMC Effect and High Momentum Nucleons in
Nuclei O Hen D W Higinbotham G A Miller E
Piasetzky L B Weinstein arXiv13042813 [nucl-th]
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The free neutron structure function
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fitsSee talk by JPumplin in this conference
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Compared to CT calculations
SLAC Data
Preliminary calculation by H l Lai P Nadolsky J Pumplin PYuan
Fh07b fh02c are CT10 CT10W
like Chebyshev fits
SU6
pQCD
Scalar
The d u ratio
ud-SRC
See talk by
Sargsian
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Toy models for large x
Nucleon Model F2nF2
p du
SU(6) 23 12
Scalar diquark 14 0
pQCD (puarr quarr) 37 15
ud-SRC rarr1
Proton Wavefunction (Spin and Flavor Symmetric)
11
110
)(3
2)(
3
1
)(3
1)(
18
1)(
2
1
SS
SSS
uuduud
uduuduudup
Adapted from JP Chen
ud SRC
See talk by Sargsian
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect
per nucleon in nuclei ne per nucleon in deuteronDIS DIS
30 years old
A bound nucleon ne A free nucleon
Question
Jerryrsquos talk
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
For
035 le XB le 07
The free neutron structure function
SLAC Data J Arrington et al
JPG 36(2009)205005
Extracted from this work
Fermi smearing using relativistic
deuteron momentum density
With medium correction
Phys Rev Lett 106 052301 2011
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
The probability for a nucleon to have momentum
ge 300 MeV c in medium nuclei is ~25
More than ~90 of all nucleons with momentum
ge 300 MeV c belong to 2N-SRC
Probability for a nucleon with momentum 300-
600 MeV c to belong to np-SRC is ~18 times
larger than to belong to pp-SRC
PRL 96 082501 (2006)
PRL 162504(2006) Science 320 1476 (2008)
CLA
S
HA
LL B
EV
A B
NL a
nd J
lab
H
ALL A
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
5
4
PRL 98132501 (2007)
Short distance structure of nuclei
Most of kinetic energy of nucleon in nuclei
is carried by nucleons in 2N-SRC
1
2
2
1In light asymmetric nuclei
majorityority kk min
In heavy asymmetric nuclei
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Three nucleon SRC are present in nuclei
They contribute about an order of
magnitude less than the 2N_SRC
Dominant NN force in the 2N-SRC is
tensor force 4
6
Short distance structure of nuclei
The high momentum tail (300-600 MeVc) is
dominated by
L=02 S=1 np ndashSRC pairs
These pairs are produced from Sn=0 IPM
pairs
4
CLA
S
HA
LL B
6Isospin structure Geometry Abundance
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Some do not like them
Some theoreticians denied their existence
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Short range correlations
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities ~1 fm
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Nucleons
2N-
SRC
Hard scattering is of particular interest because it has the
resolving power required to probe the internal (partonic)
structure of a complex target
DIS
partonic structure
of hadrons
hadronic structure of nuclei
~1 fm
Hard nuclear reactions
Scale
several tens of GeV
Scale
several GeV
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Neutron StarsNuclear Symmetry Energy
SRC Outreach
Energy Sharing in Imbalance Fermi SystemsContact Interaction in Universal Fermi
Systems84
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
nn pairsnp pairspp pairsexperiment
-18-EVABNL
-179263E01-015JLab
-22350E07-006JLab
--1533CLASJLab
0lt450lt2000Total
Number of hard triple coincidence
events (World data)
)2(12 pnpC
)( )( 44 ppeeHepneeHe
)( )( 1212 ppeeCpneeC
)( PbFe AlC ppee
5 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
12 GeV electrons at JLab fixed target
X5-10 Mott cross sectionX10 Luminosity in CLAS12
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
86
Why several GeV and up protons are good probes of SRC
Large momentum transfer is possible
With wide angle scattering
For pp elastic scattering near 900 cm
10 sdt
d
QE pp scattering near 900 have a very strong
preference for reacting with forward going
high momentum nuclear protons
= hp = hcpc = 2 0197 GeV-fm(6 GeV) 02 fm
They have Small deBroglie wavelength
The s-10 dependence of the p-p elastic scattering
preferentially selects high momentum nuclear protonspp elastic scattering
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
CM motion of the pair
56Fe
σ=180plusmn47 [MeVc]
PRELIMINARYσ
xσ
y
12C 169plusmn7 164plusmn6
27Al 162plusmn10 180plusmn13
56Fe 179plusmn6 182plusmn7
208Pb 208plusmn18 186plusmn16
recoilmisscm ppp
Pcmp
O Hen E Cohen et al in preparation
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Pmiss
q
12C(eersquopp) Precoil P
recoil
q
56Fe(eersquopp)
q
208Pb(eersquopp)
Pmiss
Ein =5014 GeV
Q2gt15GeVc2 Xgt12
JLab CLAS Data Mining EG2 data set
pp-SRC events
q
recoilp
missp
γ)(4 ppeeHe
)(4 pneeHeJLab Hal A Exp 07-006
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
ldquoThe structure of correlated many-body systems
particularly at distance scales small compared to
the radius of the constituent nucleons presents a
formidable challenge to both experiment and
theoryrdquo
(Nuclear Science A Long Range Plan The
DOENSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee
Feb 1996 [1])
This long standing challenge for nuclear
physics can experimentally be effectively
addressed thanks to high intensity and high
momentum transfer reached by present
facilities~1 fm
5-10 GeVc 109 protonssec fixed target
gt10k events100 Hr
GSI FAIRDubna
CSR
Lanzhou
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Nuclear Physics 101
bull Many-Body Hamiltonian
bull Mean-Field Approximation
Results in an ldquoatom-likerdquoshell model
E Wigner M Mayer and J Jenson
1963 Nobel Prize
bull Ground state energiesbull Excitation Spectrumbull hellip
A
i
A
i N
i iVm
pH
11
2
)(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
A
kji
N
A
ji
N
A
i N
i kjiVjiVm
pH
1
3
1
2
1
2
)()(2
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Beyond the Shell-Model NN Correlations
bull Spectroscopic factors extracted from A(eersquop) measurements yield only 60-70 of the expected single-particle strength
bull Missingndash ~20 Long-Range
Correlations
91
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
92
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
93
triple ndash coincidence measurements
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
94
triple ndash coincidence measurements
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
95
triple ndash coincidence measurements
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
96
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
97
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
98
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
99
triple ndash coincidence
measurements
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)
Hard exclusive
triple ndash coincidence measurements
K 1
K 2
Quasi-Free scattering off a nucleon
in a short range correlated pair
Pmiss[MeVc]
pairsnucleiexperiment
300-600pp only12CEVABNL
300-600pp and np12C E01-015Jlab
400-850pp and np4HeE07-006JLab
300-700pp onlyC Al Fe PbCLASJLab
Kcm=0
All pairs
Wiringa Schiavilla Steven Pieper and
Carlson PRC 89 024305 (2014)Neff Feldmeier Horiuchi
Weber viXra150306122
Korover et al PRL
113 022501 (2014)