Study Hall
Sit in assigned seatsNot wondering around the room
Sharpened pencil out, ready to begin our review
Ecosystem
Plants and animals that are found in a particular location are referred to as an ecosystem. These plants and animals depend on each other to survive.
Producers
• Make their own food through photosynthesis• Examples: – Plants – Algae
Consumers
• Eat other organisms. • There are THREE:
– Herbivore– Carnivore– Omnivore
Herbivores • These are animals that eat mainly plants.
• This includes leaves, grass, flowers, seeds, roots, fruits, bark, pollen, and much more.
• Some herbivores are: (*write down two) – Deer – Horses – Rabbits – Cows – Bees – Sheep – Grasshoppers
Carnivores
• These are animals that eat mainly meat.
• This includes insects and all animals.
• Some carnivores are: – lions, tigers, and all cats– eagles, hawks, owls– Sharks – Frogs – Spiders
Omnivores
• These are animals able to eat plants and animals
• Some omnivores are: – Humans****– Most bears– Raccoons – Most primates (apes and monkeys) – Seagulls and other birds
Decomposers
• They consume (eat) dead plants and animals and decomposes them
• This returns nutrients to the environment.
• Examples include: – Fungi – Bacteria
Producers, consumers, decomposers video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh-XKhh8xo
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnffYkN1UDk
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from the sun through producers to consumers to decomposers.
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Food chains: show how plant life and animal life get bridged together by the things they eat.
• Like links of a chain
Food Chain Brain Pop
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/foodchains/
• Bill Nye: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YwW-iWxLr4
Mr. Parr song on food chains• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWfEn8J5xKM
Write in notebook.• Food Webs:• More complex than food chains. • Ecosystems consist of many food chains linked
together• All organisms depend on one another for
survival
Review
• Green plants use the sun’s energy directly to make food.
• When animals eat green plants and other animals eat those animals, the energy moves from one living thing to another.
• Ultimately all the members of a food chain depend on the energy from the sun.
Pyramid of Energy• Can you believe only 10% energy is
passed along at each level!
Write in notebook….
• The Ten Percent Rule (10%)• Scientists say that about 90% of the
available energy is used for life processes like respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction
Write in notebook• The Pyramid of Energy : shows how
energy available for consumers decreases as you travel up from the base
Video on Energy Pyramid
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4TAO4
Pyramid of Energy..
Label your pyramid at each level and draw 3 examples for each level
How else can we label our pyramid?
Answer in notebook. (complete sentences)
• Do animals need the sun to survive?
• Why or why not.
• Explain!
Lets Review!
• All things get energy from food. • Green plants use energy from the sun to make
their own food. • Plants use the food they make for energy to grow. • Animals get energy by eating plants and other
animals. • The energy in living things originates from the sun.
Germination: start to grow from a seed or spore into a new individual plantConditions are right for seeds and spores to start to grow and develop into a plant
Let’s grow!
• Seeds need the RIGHT conditions to grow... – Water– Sunlight – Temperature
Dormancy means…
• Dormancy means inactivity. • For example, when you are sleeping, you
are not being active. • Some seeds require a period of
DORMANCY before they germinate (grow).
What conditions do they need to come out of dormancy?
• moisture• temperature• light • Some seeds need complete darkness to
germinate• and in some cases even fire
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK:
• Tropism: process of plants changing due to a stimulus (changes in their environment)
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Environmental changes (stimuli) that effect plants:– Gravity– Sunlight – Touch– Moisture (water)
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Phototropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of sunlight
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Geotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of gravity
• Plant structures can sense up and down• Stems of plants grow upright• Roots of plants grow down
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Thigmotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of touch (stimulus).
Hydrotropism
• Hydrotropism: the way a plant grows due to the presence of water (stimulus).
• When roots sense water, they bend and grows towards it.
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
• Stimulus (changes) can be positive or negative. • Positive = toward stimulus• Negative = away from stimulus
Positive Response
• Plant moving toward stimulus(the sun).
Negative Response
• Negative = roots growing away from sun.
• The roots are growing AWAY from the sun because they need water for survival.
Let’s rock! (3 minutes)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uX5eoxKbzHE
• Mr. Parr
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
Plants and animals within ecosystems depend on each other to survive
• BIOTIC FACTORS: all the living parts of the ecosystem
• ABIOTIC FACTORS: all the non-living parts of the ecosystem
WRITE IN NOTEBOOK
ECOSYSTEMS: all the living things (plants, animals, and organisms) interacting with each other in a given location
ECOSYSTEMS: also include the non-living factors like weather, soil type, and climate
Aquatic Ecosystems
Marine Ecosystems
Write in notebook• Abiotic Factors = all nonliving factors• Temperature Amount of sunlight• Water (fresh or salty) Climate (rain, weather)• Soil (rocky, sandy, fertile)
Write in notebook• Biotic Factors: all living factors• Plants (producers)• Animals (consumers)
Individual • Individual: one organism, a single living
thing
Population
• A group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area
• Interbreeding:
Community
• Interacting POPULATIONS
Ecosystem • All the organisms living in the same area AND their nonliving
environment.• Notice the first three tiers are all living organisms.
Biome• One of several major types of ecosystems • Five biomes:
– Aquatic (oceans)– Deserts – Forests– Tundra– Grasslands
Write in notebook• Biomes: areas of similar climates with
similar plants and animals• found in specific regions around the Earth
Different Biomes…• Biomes have unique plants and animals • They also have unique climates (rainfall,
temperatures, amounts and intensity of sunlight)
• For instance: A tropical rainforest has lots of rain, is humid and hot. Plants grow thick and deep in the rainforest; animals have adapted to this unique environment in order to survive
Write in notebook
• Biosphere: Is EVERYTHING…
Write in notebook• Limiting Factors— conditions within
the environment that limit the growth of species
Write this down…
• Limiting Factors— can be any biotic or abiotic factor that prevents an organisms growth
Write this down…
• Limiting Factors—Also reduce or limits an organisms ability to find food (consumers) or make its own food (producers)
Write this down… Limiting Factors• Food Availability • Shelter• Breeding - Nesting sites • Predators• Temperature (too cold, too hot) • Water availability (too dry, too wet)