The sterilization process in dental Clinic in Aden governance
SUPERVISORS : Assis.Pro MUHGAT ABDO ALI
DR.MOHAMMED AWAD ABDULHAFEDDR.NASSER SALEHDR.RANA FADEL AKLAN
INTRODUCTION
Dental health care workers including dentists, hygienists, assists, and laboratory personnel are frequently exposed to life-threading microorganisms. So sterilization can significantly decrease the risk of
infectious diseases for the patient, dentist and staff .Sterilization: is a physical or chemical agent to eliminate all viable microorganisms including
bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores .
Materials and methods
The four accepted methods of sterilization are:
1 .Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave)2 .Chemical vapor pressure sterilization (chemiclave)
3 .Dry heat sterilization (dryclave)4 .Ethylene oxide sterilization
STEAM PRESSURE STERILIZATION (AUTOCLAVING):
Used for a light load of instruments
The time required at 250'F (121° C) is a minimum of 15 minutes at 15 lbs. of pressure
Time for wrapped instruments can be reduced to 7 minutes if the temperature is raised to approximately 273° F (134° C) to give 30 pounds of pressure
Advantages The most rapid and effective method for sterilizing cloth
surgical packs and towel packs Disadvantages Items sensitive to the elevated temperature cannot be
Autoclaved tends to rust carbon steel instruments and burs Steam
appears to corrode the steel neck and shank portions Of some diamond instruments and carbide burs
STEAM PRESSURE STERILIZATION (AUTOCLAVING):
CHEMICAL VAPOR PRESSURE STERILIZATION (CHEMICLAVING) :
Chemical vapor pressure sterilizers operate at 270° F (131° C) and 20 pounds of pressure
They are similar to steam sterilizers and have a cycle time of approximately half an hour
Advantages Carbon steel and other corrosion-sensitive burs,
instruments, and pliers are said to be sterilizedDisadvantages Items sensitive to the elevated temperature will be
damaged Instruments must be lightly packaged in bags obtained
from the sterilizer manufacturer. Towels and heavy cloth wrappings of surgical instruments may not be penetrated to provide sterilization
CHEMICAL VAPOR PRESSURE STERILIZATION (CHEMICLAVING) :
DRY HEAT STERILIZATION
1. Conventional Dry Heat Ovens
2. Short-Cycle, High-Temperature Dry Heat Ovens
.
Advantages Carbon steel instruments and burs do not rust Industrial forced-draft hot air ovens usually provide a larger capacity at a reasonable price. Rapid cycles are possible at high temperatures.
Disadvantages High temperatures may damage more heat-sensitive items. Sterilization cycles are prolonged at the lower temperatures. Heavy loads of instruments, crowding of packs, and heavy
wrapping easily defeat sterilization.
DRY HEAT STERILIZATION
ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION
Is the best method for sterilizing complex instruments and delicate materials Automatic devices sterilize items in several hours and operate at elevated temperatures well below100° C. Less expensive devices operate overnight to produce
sterilization at room temperature Porous and plastic materials absorb the gas and require aeration for 24 hours or more before it is safe for them to contact skin or tissues
Result
The results of the research :
The used device The number of clinicsAutoclave 8
Oven 32
1- Type of sterilization
20%
80%
autoclave oven
Clinic has number Only one device 30More than one device 10
2-number of sterilization device :
25% 75% only one device
more than one device
Result
the sterilizer clinicDentist 10Assistant 24Both 6
3-who sterilizes the instrument :
25%
60%
15%
Dentist
Assistant
Result
Location of sterilizing device number Inside the clinic 39Outside the clinic 1
4-location of sterilization device :
97.5%
2.5%
Inside the clinic
Result
Recommendation
Sterilization process should be done accurately to provide protect both dentists and patients from infectious disease .
The sterilization devices should be checked periodically to ensure that they still operating.
the ministry of health should put a laws the determine the process of sterilization(time and temperature according to the device and the manufactures of it is company ).and put a strict punishments for any one not obey them
Decade a lot of training and embraces a lot of conferences that illustrate the ideal sterilization methods.
There should be specific committees that make quick visits to the clinics to evaluate the application of the laws by the dentists.
Recommendation
The conclusion
The sterilization is very important process which should perform in very exact manner to keep the practice in dentistry in save side to protect both the patients and dental
personnel from infectious diseases .
Dental care providers must seek the best for our patients and not be the source of serious illness among patients , coworkers ,or family ,however it is difficult to significantly change the approach to every day asepsis in the office .
The conclusion
W.Eugene Rathun - Section V APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY - chapter32 Sterilization and asepsis – ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
IMMUNOLOGY - 2nd edition 1998 - Pages(402-423) L.P.Samaranayake - Part6 Chapter48 sterilization and disinfection - ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FOR DENTISTRY -1st edition pages(327-341)
Carmen Scheller - Section 1 Infection Control in the Dental Surgery - BASIC GUIDE TO DENTAL INSTRUMENTS - 1ST edition 2006 - page (2)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autoclave_Front_Loading_composition.jpg
The references