Stepping Up To Prevent Violence
Erin Strange, Violence Prevention Specialist – Oasis Program
Melanie Fleck, Outreach SpecialistKaren Johnston, Student Employee - Oasis Program
University of Arizona Campus Health ServiceHealth Promotion & Preventive Services
2011 Student Affairs Symposium
5 Questions
• How did this project come to be?• What is the Step Up! Program?• How did we reach students?• What has worked…what hasn’t?• What are the evaluation findings?
Background
• Interpersonal Violence at UA• U.S. Department of Education grant– 2 year grant totaling $339,000– Goal: Reduce incidence of interpersonal violence
• When writing the grant, we knew we wanted to:– Take a broad definition of violence – Use a comprehensive strategy– Employ bystander intervention
Step Up!
• Developed by UA Athletics with NCAA• Bystander intervention program• Goals: – Raise awareness of helping behaviors– Increase motivation to help– Develop skills and confidence to respond– Ensure the safety/wellbeing of others
• 10+ topic areas
Has there ever been a time when you felt, or even knew,
something was wrong and wanted to help but didn’t?
The Premise:
Key Elements
• Creation of advisory council for feedback• VP for Student Affairs support• Continuous outreach• Asking “what’s in it for them?”
Program
Key Program Elements
Variety of educational modalities used to reach a range of learners:
– Interactive (snowball survey)–Videos–Role play/discussion (scenarios)
The Bystander EffectPhenomenon in which someone is less likely to intervene in an emergency situation when others are present than when he or she is alone.
9
The 5 Decision Making Steps
Notice the event
Interpret the event as a problem/emergency
Assume personal responsibility
Know how to help
Step Up!
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Focus on S.E.E.
• SAFE Responding– Choose a course of action (direct or indirect)
that best ensures the safety of those involved.
• EARLY Intervention– Before it becomes a problem, crisis or disaster.
• EFFECTIVE Helping– Implement specific helping skills depending on the
situation and avoid harmful helping.
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Perspective Taking
The ability to identify with the feelings, thoughts, and beliefs of another person.
In order to take the perspective of another person:– Imagine how the person thinks and feels.– Imagine being in the same situation.– Imagine that you are the other person.
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A unique website for University of Arizona students that provides resources so you can help your friends stay safe and healthy.
F2F.health.arizona.edu
You are at a party and notice one of your male friends talking to a young woman. They seem to be having a good time but it is clear that the woman has had too much to drink.
At one point your friend walks by you and says he is going to get her “one more” and “that should be enough.” A few minutes later you see him put his arm around the young woman and start to lead her upstairs. What do you do?
Scenario: Sexual Assault
Program Adaptability
• Trainings vs. Presentations• Modified based on time requirements• Tailored to meet the needs of audience• Population-specific scenarios
Program Outreach and Recruitment
OutreachThings that worked…
• Student Affairs networks• University Communications• Outreach at the forefront• Step Up! Day• Make-A-Movie Contest• Advisory Council for feedback• Partnerships
– UAPD co-presenting– Peer educators– Getting scenarios
beforehand• Media Campaign
Things that didn’t…
• Student group barriers• Limits to tailoring program
(faculty)• Clickers – depending on
audience• Step Up! Stories
Media
Don’t Be Shady…..Step Up!
Evaluation
Participation in Step Up!
146
364465
9441003
1102 11931248
1467
Evaluation of Step Up!
• Objectives - To provide education and bystander training to high-risk populations resulting in significant (p<.05):
– Increase in willingness to intervene– Increase in knowledge of how to report violence– Decrease in perpetrating and/or experiencing
interpersonal violence on campus by 5%
Full Trainings (90 min)
Presentations (<90 min)
Pretest
Immediate Posttest
3 month follow up
Pretest
Immediate Posttest
Sample Characteristics
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior
10
28
31
31
17
31
24
23
Class
all 3 month
Students Staff
84
16
89
11
Affiliation
all 3 month
Pre Post 3 month
Trainings (90 min) 789 773 457
Presentations (<90min) 678 662
Total 1,467 1,435 457
Results – Changes in Knowledge, Intent and Action
Knowledge
Described BI familiar w/reporting described reporting
53
2835
82* 78*70*
76*
62* 62*
% describing bystander intervention, reporting pro-cedures, and familiar with reporting
pretest immediate post 3 month
*Significant at p < 0.000
Qualitative data
Pre-Post comparisons– More accurate information– Citing of models– Greater detail
Example:– Pretest – no response– Immediate post – “5 steps - notice, interpret, assume
responsibility, know how to help, step up”– 3 month post - “Recognize there's a problem. Do
something about it or find someone who can. Enable the victim to find help.”
Intent
% likely to intervene (report, help from a friend, try and stop it) in the following situations
bullying emo/verb abuse
hate/discrim hazing physical assault
sexual assault stalking
9084
91
77
98 99
90
100* 99* 100*
96*
100100
98*
9190**
95**
86**
98 9992
Pretest Immediate Post
3 month
* Significant at p < 0.000 ** Significant at p < 0.016
% likely to step up in all cases of violence witnessed
Pretest Posttest 3 month
62%
95%*
76%*
* P < 0.000
Experience/Action
% witnessing interpersonal violence within the last 3 months
Bullying Emo/verb abuse
Hate/discr Hazing Physical assault
Sexual assault
Stalking
21
37
13
7 8
2 4
20
29
14
76
2 3
Pretest 3 month
P=0.008
% Experiencing or Perpetrating interpersonal violence
pretest 3 month
28% 27%
6% decrease in interpersonal violence experienced or perpetrated overall (not significant)
% Experiencing or Perpetrating interpersonal violence
Bullying Emo/verb abuse
Hate/discr Hazing Physical assault
Sexual assault
Stalking
9
24
11
1 2 25
7
20
9
1 2 1 2
Pretest 3 month
↓ 14%
↓ 14%
↓ 28% ↓ 83%
↓ 53%
↓ 23%
% who have ever intervened in the following situations
bullying emo/verb abuse
hate/discrim hazing physical assault sexual assault stalking
57
67
33
2129
14
18
57
69
43
25
30
1517
Pretest 3 month
P = 0.001
What’s next?
• Step Up Live!– More dialogue, empathy building, interaction
• Be Kind, Step Up! in collaboration with Ben’s Bells
Be Kind. Step Up!