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Course Title: Decision Perspective of Management
Submitted to:
Dr. Anita Patra
Associate Professor, CSREM
Submitted by:
Atulya Kr. Mishra (S1001)
Subhasish Das (S101)
Post !ra"uate Di#lo$a in Mana%e$ent, CSREM
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CET!"!C#TE
&his is to certify that the 'inal Re#ort of lie #roect, sub$itte" by Atulya Ku$ar
Mishra*Subhasish Das in #artial fulfill$ent of the re+uire$ents for the n" tri$ester of Post
$raduate Diploma in Management fro$ Centurion Sc%ool &f ural Enterprise
Management' Parala(%emundi' is a recor" of an in"e#en"ent -or "one by the$ un"er $y
%ui"ance an" su#erision. &heir -or is ori%inal an" has not been else-here sub$itte". / a$
#lease" to say that their #erfor$ance "urin% the #erio" of lie #roect -as etre$ely
satisfactory.
/ -ish to the$ to %et success in their life.
Date: )))*)))*)))))
Place: P##+#,-EM./D! Signature
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#C,/&+ED$EME/T
Eery successful eent on earth bears the si%nature of not only the $an -ho has achiee" it
but also those -ho hae been instru$ental an" also an i$#ortant #art an" #arcelof the eent
to acco$#lish it.
e "ee$ it a #riile%e an" #leasure in sub$ittin% the #roect re#ort on2Contribution of
Micro Entrepreneurs in !ndian Economy3-hich is in #artial fulfill$ent of the
re+uire$ents of P!DM #ro%ra$ of Centurion School of Rural Enter#rise Mana%e$ent,
Paralahe$un"i.
e -oul" lie to eten" our sincere %ratitu"e an" #rofoun" thans to Dr $CPatro
Director' CSEM6 an" Dr #nita Patra #ssociate Professor' P$DM6 for their %ui"ance,
co2o#eration an" aluable fee"bac eten"e" to us to co$#lete the #roect re#ort.
e also -oul" eten" oursincere thans to-ar"s all the Micro Entre#reneurs of
Paralahe$un"i, a to-n in 3"isha-hich beca$e the base of this stu"y, for their aluable
su##ort an" su%%estions -hich enriche" this stu"y.
4esi"es this, -e -oul" also lie to #lace on recor" our thans to-ar"s the nu$ber of #eo#le
that -e $et "urin% the course of research stu"y. Due to constraints of s#ace, it -oul" not be
#ossible to na$e all of the$.
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Synopsis * #bstract
S$all Scale /n"ustries (SS/s) #lay an i$#ortant role as less ca#ital2intensie #ro"ucers of consu$er %oo"s an" #roi"ers of e$#loy$ent to labor thereby a""ressin% the #roble$s of
re"ucin% the #oerty an" une$#loy$ent. Accor"in% to rou%h esti$ates of 005206 there are
about 115.78 lah SS/ units (re%istere" an" unre%istere") in the country accountin% for $ore
than 60 #ercent of %ross alue of out#ut in the $anufacturin% sector an" about 56 #ercent of
the total e#ort of the country. /t #roi"es e$#loy$ent to about 91.5 lah #ersons, -hich is
secon" only to a%riculture. 3ne of the $easures of the #olicy su##ort for #ro$otin% S$all
Scale /n"ustries is the #olicy of reseration of econo$ically iable an" technically feasible
ite$s for eclusie $anufacture in SS/ sector. &he #olicy of reseration initiate" in 179
#ri$arily as #ro$otional an" #rotectie $easure is2:2is the lar%e scale sector, %rant
#rotection to SS/ units by #reentin% fresh ca#acities bein% create" in the lar%e scale sector in
areas -hich are techno2econo$ically hi%hly suitable for bein% taen u# in the s$all scale
sector. &he only ece#tion bein% the case of lar%e2scale units, -hich un"ertae $ini$u$
leel of e#orts as 98; of their total #ro"uction. &he /DR act -as a$en"e" in March 17une 005 an" 08 as on 0th 3ctober 006.&he S$all
Scale Sector has ac+uire" a #ro$inent #lace in the socio2econo$ic "eelo#$ent of the
country "urin% the #ast fie "eca"es, contributin% to the oerall %ro-th of the %ross "o$estic
#ro"uct to-ar"s e$#loy$ent %eneration an" e#orts. Durin% the year 00205 SS/
contribution to the !ross Do$estic #ro"uct -as .
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S$all scale in"ustries are #ro"uction units -ith a ca#ital inest$ent u#to Rs. 1 crore. SS/s
can be "ii"e" into three cate%ories@
• Cotta%e in"ustries
• A%ro base" in"ustries• S$all in"ustries
/t #resents an entirely "istinct #attern of "eelo#$ent an" e$#hasis the i$#ortance of s$all
in"ustries in the /n"ian econo$ic "eelo#$ent, the /PR. 178, state"@ &hey #roi"e
i$$e"iate lar%e scale e$#loy$entB they offer $etho"s of insurin% a $ore e+uitable
"istribution of national inco$e an" they facilitate an effectie $obiliation of resources of
ca#ital an" sill -hich $i%ht other-ise re$ain unutilie". So$e of the #roble$s that
un#lanne" urbaniation ten"s to create -ill be aoi"e" by the establish$ent of s$all center of
in"ustrial #ro"uction all oer the country. &here is the ar%u$ent relatin% to allocation
efficiency an" the on2%oin% "ebate about relatie $erits of lean #ro"uction an" $ass
#ro"uction.
&he surey con"ucte" by us in the #roect is focuse" on Micro Entre#reneurshi# an" the
influence of business in the lifestyle of the $icro entre#reneurs. Alon% -ith it, this #roect
re#ort also enli%htens the influence of $icro entre#reneurshi# in the econo$y of /n"ia.
eference:
Econo$ic Surey 009 0
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T#8+E &" C&/TE/TS:
• &itle Pa%e (1)
• Certificate ()
• Acno-le"%e$ent (5)
• Syno#sis = Abstract (6)
• References (8)
• /ntro"uction (9)
• 3bectie of Stu"y (9)
• Metho"olo%y, Source an" &ools (
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!ntroduction
Micro entre#reneurs are the o-ners of s$all businesses that hae fe-er than fie e$#loyees
an" hae startu# costs of less than F58,000 an" annual reenue of less than F100,000.
Ea$#les of $icro entre#reneurs are o-ners of baeries, beauty #arlours, chil" care
facilities, re#air sho#s, arts an" crafts sho#s, #aintin% businesses, contractin% businesses,
fa$ily2o-ne" sho#s, auto bo"y sho#s, s$all2scale restaurants, an" s$all2inentory tra"in%
businesses.
Micro entre#reneurs face $any hur"les in %ettin% start u# financin%, an" they so$eti$es lac
the sills necessary to $ana%e the financial as#ect of their business. As a result, $any $icro
entre#reneurs cannot %ro- an" "eelo# their business beyon" a $icro enter#rise. Garious
$icro enter#rise "eelo#$ent #ro%ra$s hae hel#e" $icro entre#reneurs achiee %reat
success an" %ro-th. &hese $icro enter#rise "eelo#$ent #ro%ra$s hae i$$ensely hel#e"
$icro entre#reneurs -ho lac collateral nee"e" to secure a loan or those -ho hae lo- or no
cre"it by #roi"in% the$ -ith trainin%, su##ort, hel# in "eelo#in% a soli" business #lan, an"
assistance in buil"in% their businesses. Successful $icro entre#reneurs hae contribute"
$uch to society by creatin% -ealth, econo$ic assets, an" obs.
&here are 155.78 lahs s$all scale sectors in /n"ia an" their contribution in /n"ian Econo$y
accounts for $ore than 60 #ercent of !ross Do$estic Pro"uct an" about 56 #ercent of the
countryHs e#ort. Seein% to the hu%e %ro-th of this sector, this surey -as con"ucte" at the
$icro leel to focus on the real influence of this business in the life of the $icro
entre#reneurs an" thereby in the econo$y of /n"ia at a $acro leel analysis.
&bective of Study
&he #roect re#ort is "esi%ne" an" $o"elle" ee#in% arious obecties un"er consi"eration
-hich eentually "esi%ne" the +uestionnaire for the surey. &he #ri$e focus is bein% e#t on@
i) Micro entre#reneurshi# in the lielihoo" of co$$on $an influence of business
in the life of the $icro entre#reneurs.
ii) Role of S$all Scale /n"ustries in the econo$y of /n"ia.
iii) /nfluence of econo$ic fluctuations in the life of $icro entre#reneurs.
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Met%odology' Source and Tools
&he surey -as con"ucte" in the to-n of Paralahe$un"i in the state of 3"isha -ith a
sa$#le sie of 80 $icro entre#reneurs chosen ran"o$ly on the basis of si$#le ran"o$sa$#lin%. A +uestionnaire -as #roi"e" to each of the res#on"ents an" on the basis of -hich
the analysis -as $a"e ai$in% to the conclusion.
/ote: Soft-are use" for analysis inclu"e MS Ecel, SPSS an" Minitab
#nalysis
•&he sna#shot of the se%re%ation of the stae hol"ers bein% sureye"@
$eneral Stores 5"amily 8usiness60
5
10
1010
6 68
4
6
Segregation of Sta(e%olders under survey
Frequency
esults of
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&enureof the
business
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness
)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eauty
Parlours
S$allRestaurant 3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
0 yrs.
0 0 0 0 0 6
6yrs.
0 0 0 0 0 0
6 yrs.
0 6 0 0 6 1
<yrs.
0 6 0 1
J &han <yrs.
6 6 6 6 0 0
Colu$n&otals 10 10 < 6 80
General Stores (Family Business)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2
0
2
0 0 0 0
2
0
0
0 0 0 0
2 2
0
42
0
24 4
2 2
4
4
0
> Than 8 yrs.
6 8 yrs.
4 6 yrs.2 4 yrs.
0 2 yrs.
!mplications: A$on% the res#on"ents sureye", the $ai$u$ #ortion has been "oin% the
business for $ore than < years -hich sho-s the i$#act of $icro entre#reneurshi# in the
lielihoo" of co$$on #eo#le.
. ho lai" the foun"ation of the businessI
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eauty
Parlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents, Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
Pro#rietor hi$self
6 6 50
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'a$ily business
6 6 0 0 1<
Relatiesan"
'rien"s0 0 0 0 0 0
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
General Stores (Family Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries
Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner
Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
0 /0 100
6
6
4
2
2
4
6
4
2
2
4
6
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
$elaties an! Frien!s
Family usiness
#rorietor himsel-
!mplications:Since the $ai$u$ #ro#ortion of the #eo#le sureye" is foun" to be "oin% the
business alone for the $any years, it also enli%htens the fact of ra#i" %ro-th of $icro
entre#reneurs in rural /n"ia an" the stability #roi"e" by the business in the life of the $icro
entre#reneurs.
5. hat is the #attern of your o#erationI
4usinessPattern
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eautyParlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
Manufacturer
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Seller < 0 0 6
Manufacture
r an" Seller both
10 6 0 < 0 0 6
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
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e n e r
a l S t o
r e s
( F a m
i l y B u s
i n e s
s )
G a r
m e n
t s * +
r t s
a n !
, r a -
t0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8
0
2
6
0
46
2 10
4 08
00
anu-acturer an! Seller
oth
Seller
anu-acturer
!mplications: ?ere the surey resulte" in the cul$ination of both for$s of business, one only
#roi"in% serice an" the other inole" in $anufacturin% an" sellin% at the sa$e ti$e.
6. Do you "eal -ith ersatile #ro"ucts in your outletsI
3#inion
!eneral Stores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"
Seller 4aeries
4eauty
Parlours
S$all
Restaurant3-ner
S$all/nentor
y &ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,
Arts an"Craft
Ro-
&otals
es < 10 6 0 < 0 5
Lo 0 0 6 6 1<
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
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G e n
e r a l
S t o
r e s
( F a m
i l y B u s
i n e s
s )
B e a u
t y # a r
l o u r
s
G a r
m e n
t s * +
r t s
a n !
, r a -
t0
10203040/06008050
100
810
4
0
8
02
20
2
6
0
44
o
7es
!mplications:Gersatility an" "iersification hae been an i$#ortant #ara$eter of $icro
entre#reneurshi# an" -ith the years %oin% by, $icro entre#reneurs are looin% for-ar" to
e#an" their olu$e of business as this has beco$e the #ri$e $e"iu$ of their lielihoo"
-hich a%ain focuses u#on the "eelo#$ent of rural /n"ia -ith the #ath of %lory of the %ro-th
an" "eelo#$ent of S$all Scale /n"ustries, both re%istere" an" unre%istere".
8. hat -as the initial inest$ent for the businessI
/nest$ent
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eautyParlour
s
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentor y &ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
than Rs.18,000
6 0 0 010
Rs. 18,000 Rs. 50,000
0 6 6 0 01
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 68,000
0 0 6 0 10
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Rs. 68,000 Rs. 0,000
0 6 0 61<
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
General Stores (Family Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries
Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner
Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
0 2 4 6 8 10
2
4
0
2
0
2
0
0
2
4
4
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
4
0
2
6
2
2
0
4
0
4
$s. 4/*000 $s. 60*000
$s. 30*000 $s. 4/*000
$s. 1/*000 $s. 30*000
than $s. 1/*000
!mplications:&he initial ca#ital ineste" arie" fro$ one business to another in accor"ance
to their res#ectie #atterns but it -as seen that the $ai$u$ #ro#ortion of res#on"ents
incurre" a ca#ital inest$ent of Rs. 68,000 to Rs. 0,000, -hich clearly satisfies the criterion
of S$all Scale /n"ustries an" also the inest$ent %ro-th of the sector on a $acro leel.
. hat is the $onthly inco$e %enerate" fro$ the businessI
Monthly/nco$e
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness
)
'oo"Seller
4aeries
4eautyParlours
S$all
Restaurant3-ner
S$all/nentor y &ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,
Arts an"Craft
Ro-&otals
than Rs.10,000
6 0 0 0 16
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000
6 0 0 1
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
0 0 0 6 6 1
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000
6 0 6 0 0 1
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
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2
4
2
6
than $s. 10*000
General Stores (FamilyBusiness)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an!
,ra-t
4
22
2
2
$s. 10*000 $s. 20*000General Stores (Family
Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an!
,ra-t
2
42
4
$s. 20*000 $s. 30*000General Stores (Family Business) Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
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2
42
4
$s. 30*000 $s. 40*000General Stores (Family Business) Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
!mplications:&he $onthly inco$e %enerate" has sho-n a "iersifie" se%re%ation in
accor"ance to the nature of the business an" also the tenure of the business. Still the first slab
has accounte" for the $ai$u$ nu$ber of #eo#le, -hile the other three has been co$#etitie
-ith the sa$e nu$ber of #eo#le fallin% in each stratu$.
9. At -hat ti$e of the year the sale of the #ro"ucts is $ai$u$I
&i$in%s
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Selle
r 4aeries
4eautyParlour
s
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
A#ril 2 >une 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
>uly 2Se#te$ber
6 6 6 0 0 0 0 1
3ctober 2Dece$ber
0 6 0 0 0 6 16
>anuary 2 March 0 0 0 0 0 6
All the year roun"
0 0 < 0 0 1
Colu$n &otals 10 10 < 6 80
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G e n
e r a l
S t o
r e s
( F a m
i l y B u s
i n e s
s )
S m a l
l $ e s
t a u r
a n t % &
n e r
0123456789
10
4
4 40 0 0 0
0
40
0 04
6
0 0
26
8 00
+ll the year roun! 9anuary : arch
%ctoer : ;ecemer
9uly : Setemer
+ril : 9une
!mplications:'or the serice sectors, the sale of the serices re$ains so$eho- consistent all
oer the year roun", but for so$e s#ecific $anufacturin% an" een serice sectors, the secon"
financial +uarter see$s to be boo$in%, the reasons accountin% for the festials.
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General Stores (Family Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries
Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner
Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
4
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
4
2
4
2
2
0
4
0
2
> than $s. 10*000
$s. 8*000 : $s. 10*000
$s. /*000 $s. 8*000
$s. 2*000 $s. /*000
than $s. 2*000
!mplications:&he #ros#ect of $icro entre#reneurshi# is easily "e#icte" by the aboe table
-hich sho-s the sain%s of the $icro entre#reneurs ($onthly), lea"in% to -ellbein% of their
lielihoo" an" also the "eelo#$ent of this sector alon% -ith the years, lea"in% to e#orts an"
the increase" "e$an".
7. hat -as the $onthly inco$e before startin% the businessI
/nco$e
!eneralStores
('a$ily
4usiness)
'oo"Selle
r
4aeries4eautyParlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentor y &ra"in%
4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
than Rs.8,000
< < 6 6 6 6 5<
Rs. 8,000 Rs. 10,000
0 010
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000
0 0 0 0 0 0
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
0 0 0 0 0 0 00
Colu$n
&otals 10 10 < 6 80
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8< 21
8< 21
4< 114< 11
4< 11
4< 116< 16
than $s. /*000
General Stores (Family
Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
2
2
2
2
2
$s. /*000 $s. 10*000General Stores (Family
Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
m i l y
B u s i
n e s s
)
! i n
B u
s i n e
s s
00./
11./
2
0 0 0 0
2
0 0
$s. 10*000 $s. 20*000
$s. 10*000 $s. 20*000
!mplications:&he aboe table clearly sho-s the "ifference $icro entre#reneurshi# has
resulte" in in"ii"ualsH inco$e an" e#en"iture an" also #er ca#ita inco$e. &he co$#arison
bet-een the inco$e of the #eo#le before an" after startin% the business clearly focuses on the
%ro-th of this sector.
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10. ?o- $any "e#en"ants are there in your fa$ilyI
Lu$ber
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness
)
'oo"
Seller
4aeries
4eauty
Parlour s
S$all
Restaurant3-ner
S$all/nentor y &ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,
Arts an"Craft
Ro-&otals
than 5 < < 6 0 6 <
5 8 0 6 < 0
8 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
J than 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
General Stores (Family Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries
Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner
Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
0 1 2 3 4 / 6 8 5 10
8
8
4
2
0
2
4
2
0
2
4
8
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
> than
/ :
3 /
than 3
11. /n the oerall tenure, -hich year(s) has=hae been the $ost #rofitable an" has=hae
yiel"e" the $ai$u$ %ro-th fro$ the business #oint of ie-I
ears
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"
Seller 4aeries
4eauty
Parlour s
S$all
Restaurant3-ner
S$all/nentor
y &ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,
Arts an"Craft
Ro-
&otals
1778 177<
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
177< 001
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 008
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 007
6 0 0 0 6 0
010 till no-
6 6 < 6 50
Pa%e 1> of 45
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Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
r a l S
t o r e
s ( F
a m i l y
B u s
i n e s
s )
S m a l l
$ e s t
a u r a
n t % &
n e r
010203040/06008050
100
0
0.6 0.6 0.6
0 0 0
0.6
0.4 0.4 0.33 1 1 1 0.33
2010 till no&
2006 2005
2002 200/
1558 2001
155/ 1558
!mplications:&he /n"ian Rural Maret -as not that $uch influence" by the %lobal $elt"o-n
that ha##ene" in 00
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e n e r
a l S t o
r e s
( F a m
i l y B u s
i n e s
s )
m a l
l ' n
e n t o
r y T r a
! i n
B u s
i n e s
s
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
42 2 2
6
0
4
68 4 4
2
4
2
=omen >mo&erment
Social Status
Sanitation
>!ucation
!mplications:Social Status an" E"ucation are the $ost i$#ortant features of lielihoo" that
-itnesse" a #ositie effect of $icro entre#reneurshi#.
15. ?o- $any e$#loyees are -orin% in your businessI
Lo. of E$#loyees
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eauty
Parlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
N < 6 6 6 0 6 505 0 0 0 0
6 6 0 0 0 10
8 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 6
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
Pa%e 01 of 45
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o. o- mloyes
General Stores (Family Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries
Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner
Small 'nentory Tra!in Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
0
8
4
4
4
0
4
6
3
0
2
0
2
2
0
0
4
2
4
2
0
2
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
!mplications:Mai$u$ $icro entre#reneurs e$#loy less than e$#loyees in their o-n
business, -hich also su##orts the feature of S$all scale sectors.
16. Are there any fe$ale e$#loyees -orin% in your businessI
!eneralStores
('a$ily
4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eauty
Parlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentor y &ra"in%
4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
es 0 0 0 1
Lo < < 6 6 5<
Colu$n&otals
10 10 < 6 80
G e n e
r a l S
t o r e
s ( F
a m i l y
B u s
i n e s
s )
B e a u
t y # a r
l o u r
s
G a r
m e n
t s * +
r t s
a n !
, r a -
t
012345
6789
10
2 20 0
6
02
8 8
6 6
2
4 4
o
7es
Pa%e 00 of 45
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!mplications: o$en e$#o-er$ent also sho-s a %ro-th rate, thou%h +uite slo- by irtue
of $icro entre#reneurshi#.
18. /s your business affecte" by econo$ic fluctuations lie inflation, "eflation an" increase of
annual %ro-th rate an" also by natural cala$itiesI
!eneralStores
('a$ily4usiness)
'oo"Seller
4aeries4eautyParlours
S$allRestaurant
3-ner
S$all/nentory&ra"in%4usiness
!ar$ents,Arts an"
Craft
Ro-&otals
es 6 0 0 < 0 0 1<
Lo 6 0 6 5
Colu$n
&otals
10 10 < 6 80
6< 33
4< 22
8< 44
7esGeneral Stores (Family
Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
4; 13%6; 19%
6; 19%6; 19%
4; 13%
6; 19%
o
General Stores (Family
Business)
Foo! Seller
Ba"eries Beauty #arlours
Small $estaurant %&ner Small 'nentory Tra!in
Business
Garments* +rts an! ,ra-t
!mplications:As bein% "iscusse" aboe, the #reious table su##orts the sa$e ie- that this
sector is less affecte" by the econo$ic fluctuations.
Pa%e 07 of 45
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Some %ypot%esis tests to find t%e role of micro entrepreneurs%ip in t%e life
of people:
16 -?: T%ere is no significant difference in t%e investments of different business ie
@iAs are e
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&otal
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&otal
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6
&otal 19.8956
!nference: Since Ϝcalculate" Ϝcritical, -e acce#t ?0 -ith 78; confi"ence leel i.e. there is no
si%nificant "ifference bet-een the ti$e of $ai$ie" sale of the #ro"uct or serice.
46 -?: T%ere is no significant difference betHeen t%e mont%ly savings generated
from different business vs -1: -? is false
/n this test, AL3GA &-o factor -ithout re#lication is use".
Decision rule: /f Ϝcalculate"JϜcritical, ?0 is reecte", other-ise acce#te" -ith O leel of
si%nificance. (O N .08 taen)
Calculations:
TSS i F 60for all i,, N !ran" Mean
SSN n i G 60for all i,
CSS N $ F 60for all ,
ESS TSS F CSS F SS
Degree of "reedom:
TSS $n 2 1
SS $ 21
CSS n 2 1
ESS ($21) (n21)
MS RSS= $21, N MSR=MSEϜ
MSC CSS= n21, N MSC=MSEϜ
#/&B#
Source of Bariation SS df MS " " critical
Ro-s 1.8916 6 5.16
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Error 89.
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&he confi"ence interal is@
Monthly/nco$e
!eneral Stores('a$ily
4usiness)2after
!eneral Stores('a$ily 4usiness)2
beforeDifferences
Absolute"ifference
than Rs.10,000
10
< <
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000
60
26 6
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
0
2
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000
0
2
Colu$n &otals 10 10 0 1
DN 6Sample Std .
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n
D
D
n
1i
i∑==
Di 1i F 0i' so the i2th #aire" "ifference -ill be
&he #oint esti$ate@
1n
)D(D
S
n
1i
,
i
D−
−
=
∑=
?ere, the stan"ar" "eiation for the #o#ulation is unno-n. So -e shall
esti$ate the #o#ulation stan"ar" "eiation by sa$#le stan"ar" "eiation.
&he for$ula is@
n
S
QDt
D
D−
=
n
SD1−± nt D
&he test statistics is@ , -here t has n21 ".f an"
&he confi"ence interal is@
Monthly /nco$e4aeries 2
after 4aeries2 before
Differences
Absolute"ifference
than Rs. 10,000 6 6
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000 0 2
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000 0 0 0 0
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000 0 2 Colu$n &otal 0 <
DN Sample Std 1.57751
t statistic N 5 an" t criticalN.8908
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Reect ?0
2.8908
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Monthly/nco$e
'oo"Sellerafter
'oo"Sellerbefor
eDifferences
Absolute"ifference
than Rs.10,000
6<
6 6
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000
0 0
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
00
0 0
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000
60
26 6
Colu$n &otals 10 10 0 <
DN
Sample Std .507601099
t statistic N .95
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1n
)D(D
S
n
1i
,
i
D
−
−
=
∑=
?ere, the stan"ar" "eiation for the #o#ulation is unno-n. So -e shall
esti$ate the #o#ulation stan"ar" "eiation by sa$#le stan"ar" "eiation.
&he for$ula is@
n
S
QDt
D
D−
=
n
SD1−± nt D
&he test statistics is@ , -here t has n21 ".f an"
&he confi"ence interal is@
Monthly /nco$eS$all
Restaurant
3-ner 2 after
S$allRestaurant
3-ner2before
Differences Absolute "ifference
than Rs.10,000
06
6 6
Rs. 10,000 Rs.0,000
0
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
6
2
Rs. 50,000 Rs.60,000
60
26 6
Colu$n &otal < < 0 1
Pa%e 77 of 45
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DN 5Sample Std 1.18690085<
t statistic N 9.56
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n
S
QDt
D
D−
=
n
SD1−± nt D
&he test statistics is@ , -here t has n21 ".f an"
&he confi"ence interal is@
Monthly/nco$e
S$all /nentory&ra"in% 4usiness2
after
S$all /nentory&ra"in%
4usiness2beforeDifferences
Absolute"ifference
than Rs.10,000 0 6 6 6
Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000
0
2
Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
0
2
Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000
00
0 0
Colu$n &otal 6 6 0 <
DN Sample Std 1.57751
t statistic N .6676
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Decision rule: /f Ϝcalculate"JϜcritical, ?0 is reecte", other-ise acce#te" -ith O leel of
si%nificance. (O N .08 taen)
Calculations:
TSS i F 60for all i,, N !ran" Mean
SSN n i G 60for all i,
CSS N $ F 60for all ,
ESS TSS F CSS F SS
Degree of "reedom:
TSS $n 2 1
SS $ 21
CSS n 2 1
ESS ($21) (n21)
MS RSS= $21, N MSR=MSEϜ
MSC CSS= n21, N MSC=MSEϜ
#/&B#
Source of Bariation SS df MS " " critical
Ro-s 16 1 16 1 8.7
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concerne". At the sa$e ti$e, the rate of %ro-th is on a stee# #ositie slo#e an" this sector is
also less affecte" by the econo$ic fluctuations i. inflations, "eflations etc.
ole of Small Scale !ndustries in !ndian Economy:
&he s$all scale in"ustrial sector -hich #lays a #iotal role in the /n"ian econo$y in ter$s of
e$#loy$ent an" %ro-th has recor"e" a hi%h rate of %ro-th since in"e#en"ences in s#ite of
stiff co$#etition fro$ the lar%e sector an" not encoura%in% su##ort fro$ the %ot. &his is
ei"ence" by the nu$ber of re%istere" units -hich -ent u# fro$ 1000in 1780 to 5000
units in 171 an" to 55.9lah units in 0002001 "urin% the last "eca"e alone the s$all scale
sector has #ro%resse" fro$ the #ro"uction of si$#le consu$er %oo"s to the $anufacture of
$any so#histicate" an" #recision #ro"ucts lie electronic control syste$ $icro-ae
co$#onents, electro2$e"ical e+ui#$ent, teleision 2sets etc.
&he %ot. has been follo-in% a #olicy of reseration of ite$s for eclusie
"eelo#$ent in the s$all scale sector at the ti$e of the 179 census of s$all scale in"ustrial
units, there -ere 199 ite$s in the resere" list by 17
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annu$. So far as e#orts by SS/ sector are concerne" they increase fro$ Rs.7.0
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'ourth census of MSME sector esti$ate" that 9; of the MSMEs are $anufacturin%
enter#rise an" 55; are serice enter#rises. 3biously the %ro-th rate of the s$all scale
sector has been faster both in ter$s of out#ut an" e$#loy$ent in other -or" the out#ut
e$#loy$ent ratio for the s$all scale sector is [email protected]. &he ra#i" %ro-th of the s$all scale
in"ustries has a %reat releance in our national inco$e #olicies. /n this connection -e $ay
refer to the relatiely lo- ca#acity utiliation in the s$all scale in"ustries. &he ca#acity
utiliation in the s$all sector as a -hole -as of the or"er of 85;. &here -ere ho-eer $any
units hain% hi%h ca#acity utiliation that is in"ustries utiliin% 02 of 45
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SSN n i G 60for all i,
CSS N $ F 60for all ,
ESS TSS F CSS F SS
Degree of "reedom:
TSS $n 2 1
SS $ 21
CSS n 2 1
ESS ($21) (n21)
MS RSS= $21, N MSR=MSEϜ
MSC CSS= n21, N MSC=MSEϜ
AL3GA
Source of Bariation SS D" MS ""
critical
Ro-s 1.68ET15 16 1.06ET1 1.068< .05861
Colu$ns 6.97ET1 .57ET1 .68755 5.5605
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Productiony6 N OIeIports6, -here O an" U are the #ara$eters to be esti$ate".
&he Lor$al e+uations are@
Vy N nO T UV
Vy N OV T UV
So, solin% the e+uations, the re%ression e+uation is@
#ro"uction(y) N 2 75
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Lear
$DP G
/ominal
in !/
Crores 6
EIport
in !/
Crores6
EIports)SS
! in !/
Crores6
Production)SS!
contributio
n
contribution
1776278101896
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• Proble$ of ra- $aterial
• Proble$ of #o-er
• Proble$ of $aretin%
• E#ort "ifficulties
•
Proble$ of technical no-ho-• Proble$ of in"ustrial relations
• !ro-in% sicness an" $ortality a$on% these units
Suggestions for groHt%:
• Part %ains be consoli"ate"
• Deelo#$ent $easures be s#rea"
• A "iscri$inatin% #ro%ra$ of assistance be for$ulate"
• Pro"uctiity nee" be i$#roe"
• Assistance #ro%ra$s nee"s be tace"
• Sill base" nee"s be i$#roe"
• /nter2in"ustry lina%es be #roi"e"
• orl" class facilities nee" be #roi"e"
• Maretin% assistance be #roi"e"
• E#orts nee" be #roi"e"
• Maret intelli%ence be su# #le"
• o-2cost auto$ation shoul" be encoura%e"
Conclusion:
&he $icro an" $acro leel as#ects of $icro entre#reneurshi#, bein% enli%htene" in the
#roect %ies a clear sna#shot of the contribution of s$all scale in"ustries in the "eelo#in%
econo$y of /n"ia. &he incre$ent of total nu$ber of fir$s in SS/ shall "elier #ositie
outco$es $ain% /n"ia a better #lace to lie in, both fro$ the socio #olitical an" econo$ic
#oint of ie-.
#nneIure
Questionnaire
La$e of the Micro Entre#reneur@!en"er@
La$e of the 3utlet@4usiness Pattern@ Place@
Sho#3-ner
'oo"Seller
4aeries 4eautyParlours
Art an"Craft
S$allRestaurant
S$all /nentory&ra"in%
Pa%e 47 of 45
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('a$ily
4usiness)Sho#s 3-ner 4usiness
1. hen "i" you start your businessIa. 0 yrs. b. 6 yrs. c. 6 yrs.". < yrs. e. J &han < yrs.
. ho lai" the foun"ation of the businessIa. Pro#rietor hi$self b. 'a$ily business c. Relaties an" 'rien"s
5. hat is the #attern of your o#erationIa. Manufacturer b. Seller c. Manufacturer an" Seller both
6. Do you "eal -ith ersatile #ro"ucts in your outletsIa. esb. Lo (/f es, then the #ro"ucts sol" in the outlet)
8. hat -as the initial inest$ent for the businessIa. thanRs. 18,000 c. Rs. 50,000 Rs. 68,000
b. Rs. 18,000 Rs. 50,000 ". Rs. 68,000 Rs. 0,000
. hat is the $onthly inco$e %enerate" fro$ the businessIa. thanRs. 10,000 c. Rs. 0,000 Rs. 50,000
b. Rs. 10,000 Rs. 0,000 ". Rs. 50,000 Rs. 60,000
9. At -hat ti$e of the year the sale of the #ro"ucts is $ai$u$I
a. A#ril 2 >une ". >anuary March b. >uly 2 Se#te$ber e. All the year roun"c. 3ctober 2 Dece$ber
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1. hich section of your lifestyle has been $ostly influence" by the businessIa. E"ucation c. Social Status
b. Sanitation ". o$en E$#o-er$ent
15. ?o- $any e$#loyees are -orin% in your businessIa. c. 6
b. 5 ". 8
16. Are there any fe$ale e$#loyees -orin% in your businessIa. es b. Lo
18. /s your business affecte" by econo$ic fluctuations lie inflation, "eflation an"
increase of annual %ro-th rate an" also by natural cala$itiesIa. es b. Lo