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STANDARDS & GUIDELINES
FOR BEST PRACTICE TRADING IN
REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................................................................6
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................7
Reptile & Amphibian Housing & Husbandry .....................................................................................................................................9
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................9
WHS ..............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Security .........................................................................................................................................................................................9
Sourcing Animals ........................................................................................................................................................................10
Sale of Animals ...........................................................................................................................................................................10
Transportation............................................................................................................................................................................10
Behaviour ...................................................................................................................................................................................10
Behavioural Enrichment .............................................................................................................................................................10
Reptile and amphibian physical needs .......................................................................................................................................11
Reptile and amphibian behavioural needs .................................................................................................................................11
Enclosures/Housing ....................................................................................................................................................................11
Indoor Enclosures .......................................................................................................................................................................12
Reptile Housing ..........................................................................................................................................................................12
Venomous Snakes ...........................................................................................................................................................................12
Food and water ..........................................................................................................................................................................13
Suitable water and food dishes ..................................................................................................................................................13
Storage of Foods.........................................................................................................................................................................14
Presentation of foods .................................................................................................................................................................14
Captive Diets ...................................................................................................................................................................................14
Frogs...........................................................................................................................................................................................14
Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................14
Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................14
Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................15
Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................15
Vitamin and mineral supplements ............................................................................................................................................15
Outdoor Enclosures ........................................................................................................................................................................15
Health Care and Record Keeping ....................................................................................................................................................16
Hygiene ...........................................................................................................................................................................................16
Waste ..............................................................................................................................................................................................16
Veterinary Care ...............................................................................................................................................................................16
Euthanasia ......................................................................................................................................................................................17
Lighting ...........................................................................................................................................................................................17
Hospital and Quarantine Facilities ..................................................................................................................................................18
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Zoonotic Diseases ...........................................................................................................................................................................18
Minimum Enclosure Standards for Reptiles & Amphibians Pt 1 .....................................................................................................20
Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................20
Venomous Snakes ......................................................................................................................................................................24
Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................28
Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................29
Skinks ..........................................................................................................................................................................................31
Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................34
Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................36
Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................38
Freshwater Turtles .....................................................................................................................................................................39
Frogs ...........................................................................................................................................................................................41
Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................42
Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations .....................................................................................................44
Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................45
Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................46
Skinks ..........................................................................................................................................................................................48
Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................49
Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................51
Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................54
Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................55
Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Pt 2 .............................................................................................................57
Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................57
Venomous Snakes ......................................................................................................................................................................58
Lizards ........................................................................................................................................................................................58
Freshwater Turtles .....................................................................................................................................................................59
Frogs ...........................................................................................................................................................................................60
Crocodiles ...................................................................................................................................................................................60
Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations .....................................................................................................61
Snakes ........................................................................................................................................................................................61
Geckos ........................................................................................................................................................................................61
Skinks ..........................................................................................................................................................................................61
Dragons ......................................................................................................................................................................................62
Monitors .....................................................................................................................................................................................62
Legless Lizards ............................................................................................................................................................................62
Turtles ........................................................................................................................................................................................63
Reptiles and Amphibians on the States and Territories of Aust Trading List ..................................................................................64
Appendix 1 – States & Territories of Aust Reptile & Amphibian Licencing Systems .......................................................................68
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Appendix 2 – Reptile Specimen Card ..............................................................................................................................................71
Appendix 3 – Reptile and Speciment Food & Slough Chart ............................................................................................................72
Appendix 4 – Stock Movements .....................................................................................................................................................73
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................................................75
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Disclaimer
The information contained in this publication are the Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice (SGBP)
defined by the Pet Industry Association of Australia (PIAA). Users are reminded that compliance with these
Standards & Guidelines is a requirement of Membership of the PIAA.
New versions of these Standards & Guidelines may be issued from time to time. It is the responsibility of
users to ensure the version of the Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice on which they rely is current by
checking it is the latest version available on the PIAA website.
Compliance
Compliance of the Association’s National Code, Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice does not remove
the need to abide by the requirements of all local, state and commonwealth legislation and codes of
practice including the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Acts and any other laws such as Local Government
Acts and National Parks and Wildlife Acts in all states and territories.
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Preface
The Pet Industry Association (PIAA) Standards & Guidelines for Best Practice – Trading in Reptiles and
Amphibians outline the principles that every Association member involved in the trading of reptiles and
amphibians must use to protect the welfare of the animals in their care. By adhering to the Standards &
Guidelines for Best Practice people involved in this industry are demonstrating to the general community
their concern for the welfare of the animals in their care.
When humans manipulate or limit an animal’s choices in relation to its physical or social environment, the
welfare of that animal must be considered. Humans have a duty of care towards these animals, and the
greater the level of control of an animal or intervention with its environment the greater the
responsibilities become.
Animal welfare can be thought of as the way an animal’s health, safety and wellbeing are affected by its
physical and social environment. Health and behaviour indicators provide information about how an animal
is responding to a situation, thus enabling us to make informed decisions relating to the animal’s welfare.
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Introduction
Introduction
In the last 20 years there has been a significant increase in the keeping of reptiles and
amphibians in captivity in Australia. The following is an overview of current States and
Territories of Australia regarding the trading list, and recommendations for enclosures sizes.
The recommended enclosure sizes have been a compromise between two opposing forces in
enclosure size determination. The most important factor in any reptile and amphibian
husbandry is providing the correct thermal environment. The importance of correct and
appropriate temperatures to cater for individual needs of each species and each animal
cannot be understated, and is far more important than any enclosure parameter. This is
actually an inverse relationship between enclosure size and temperature. This is because the
larger an enclosure is, the more difficult it is to obtain optimal temperature.
This recommendation describes a suggested practice for the care and housing of reptiles and
amphibians, taking into consideration scientific information and accumulated experience.
These recommended minimum enclosure sizes have been developed to find the suitable
balance between optimal temperature, enclosure sizes, animal welfare needs, public
perception and the aesthetics of the enclosure within a pet shop as a display. It is important to
note that reptiles and amphibians kept according to this recommendation are for short-term
stay. Recommended enclosure, housing and husbandry are for medium term holding.
The following steps were followed to produce this document.
Step 1: Required the sourcing of available documents to assist in writing this
recommendation. These documents included:
Native reptile and amphibian species list from States and Territory government agencies.
Animal Welfare Code of Practice, Animals in Pet Shops for States and Territory.
Standards for exhibiting reptiles, Exhibited Animals Protection Act (EAPA), New South Wales
(NSW) Department of Primary Industries. Code of Practice for the Private Keeping of
Reptiles.
Guidelines for showing reptiles and amphibians from a number of reptile and frog societies
and clubs.
Current reptile and amphibian literature relating to information and species husbandry and
housing.
Step 2: Meetings with pet industry representatives, pet shop owners and captive animals
representatives from States and Territories was integral. Many people who were consulted
had decades of knowledge and experience in keeping and trading reptiles and amphibians.
Visits to pet shops in Western Australia, Victoria, NSW, Queensland and the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT) provided great insight and a platform for the development of this
recommendation. Reptile and amphibian standards, species lists, enclosure sizes and numbers
of reptiles and amphibians kept per enclosure were gathered and reviewed. A number of
shops assisted by placing reptile and amphibian species in a variety of enclosure sizes to gauge
what are acceptable standards to assist in the development of categories and numbers for this
recommendation.
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Step 3: Welfare: Reptile and amphibian welfare, health and safety, physical and behaviour
requirements were of high priority. Reptile and amphibian Fright, Flight and Fight (FFF) zones
were considered, along with inter and intra-specific housing, indoor enclosures, and
suspended and outdoor style housing. Reptile and amphibian suitability to captivity, reptiles
and amphibians on the exempt species list, easy to keep species, hard to keep species, and
sensitive species were considered. Public perception was taken into account in preparing
enclosure
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Reptile and Amphibian Housing & Husbandry
Introduction
The aim of this section is to provide a recommendation in key areas for the housing and
husbandry of reptiles and amphibians for all parties trading in reptiles and amphibians
throughout Australia. Please be guided by your home State or Territory government agency’s
legislation and guidelines for keeping. There are a large number of current and informative
reptile and amphibian publications on the market that can assist with housing and husbandry.
(Please refer to Bibliography on page 72 and 73).
Work Health and Safety (WHS) It is recommended that stores trading in reptiles and amphibians undertake all reasonable
measures to ensure the health and safety of staff and manage all relevant workplace risks.
This can include sick or injured staff members who require medical attention, and the risk
associated with zoonotic disease by those in direct contact with animals.
In order to provide a safe and healthy environment, each store must have WHS processes and
procedures in place to comply with relevant State and Territory legislation. Such processes
and procedures include the following documentation.
fety Inspection Checklist Template
Depending on staffing levels, there must be the appropriate number of properly trained staff
members to meet particular State and Territory requirements for first aid, fire and emergency
situations. Please refer to State and Territory regulatory bodies to determine appropriate
levels.
Security
Premises and animal enclosures must be secure against unwanted animals, persons or pests
at all times. It is recommended that stores must be able to be reasonably secured to prevent
access to the premises outside trading hours, including outdoor enclosures. Enclosures must
be securely fastened outside trading hours to the extent required to avoid escape. All external
openings must prevent escape of animals or easy removal of products or equipment without
authorisation. Adequate security must be in place to ensure the safety of staff, the public and
all animals on the premises.
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Venomous snakes must be housed in lockable, escape-proof enclosures at all times. All
categories of venomous snakes must also be held within a locked, escape-proof room that
prevents unauthorised entry.
Sourcing Animals
It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and amphibians purchase
animals from licensed, reliable and responsible PIAA breeders. New owners who have
purchased a reptile or amphibian should be encouraged to keep in contact with the store to
ensure the animal is being cared for correctly or if the new owner has any questions to ask
about the animal.
Sale of Animals It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and amphibians only sell to
people who are licensed or meet State or Territory licensing requirements.
Transportation Legislation and codes of practice for the transportation of animals are applicable in some
States and Territories in Australia and must be complied with when transporting animals.
When transporting reptiles and amphibians to and from the store, staff must ensure that the
animals are contained safely within appropriate enclosures so as to reduce any injury to the
animal. Animals being transported by road must have sufficient fresh air and not be left
unattended in closed/locked vehicles. On longer journeys, animals must be checked and given
water if required every two hours. Those trading in reptiles and amphibians that are required
to transport animals by air must use a recognised pet/animal transport agent complying with
the International Air Transport Association (IATA) regulations for the transport of animals.
Transportation vehicles and transport enclosures/crates must be cleaned and disinfected after
each use to prevent disease.
Behaviour
It is recommended that two or more species can be housed together (refer to Reptile and
Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional cm2 per
animal) so long as none of the species are likely to prey on, or cause serious injury to the
others, be aggressive or consistently deny others access to food, water or shelter. All grouped
animals need to be monitored for aggression, competition or predation.
Behavioural enrichment
Where possible, it is recommended that reptiles and amphibians be provided with
behavioural enrichment. To do this, firstly reptile and amphibian physical and behavioural
needs must be considered. These are as follows:
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Reptile and amphibian physical needs
• Food: Is there a variety of food and what is the frequency of feeding?
• Waste production: How do reptiles and amphibians produce their droppings? How often,
and how to dispose of the droppings?
• Water: Is there fresh drinking water, and what is the size of the water bowl given and other
water bodies?
• Shelter: Is there somewhere to sleep, stay dry and warm?
• Space: Has enough space and furniture been provided to encourage natural behaviour?
• Appropriate substrate: What types of substrate material should be used? For example,
breeder’s choice cat litter pellets, aspen, gravel, zeolite or sand?
• Temperature: What is a suitable temperature for a reptile or amphibian?
• Heating and lighting: What heating and lighting is best suited for the reptiles and
amphibians?
• Ventilation/airflow: How much ventilation is available? All reptiles need ventilation -
research how much, and where you should position the ventilation in the exhibit.
• Appropriate source of UV lights/bulbs that are changed at least annually.
Reptile and Amphibian behavioural needs
• Foraging: Searching for food. Keepers often give the snake the rat straight away. Try
encouraging the snake to look for its food.
• Exploring: Searching, not just for food.
• Resting: Places where your reptile can rest away from the public.
• Socialising: Interacting with other reptiles or amphibians of the same kind.
• Reproducing: It is important to note that reptiles and amphibians kept according to this
recommendation are of short term holding. Breeding is not recommended under these
holding terms, but optional for pet shop owners to use their own discretion.
Enclosures/Housing Based on the findings, indoor enclosures are to be constructed to a standard that maintains a
high level of security, safety and wellbeing of the reptile and amphibian being housed. An
enclosure should be designed to be keeper friendly so it can be serviced safely and regularly.
Many reptile species (such as large pythons and monitors) can apply considerable pressure on
enclosure fixtures including glass. This may result in the displacement of enclosure furnishings
and/or the opening of lids and doors. Considerable pressure can cause glass to crack or
shatter. When selecting glass consider other pressures such as water pressure and the weight
of any enclosure furnishings and substrates. Strong glass with a minimum panel thickness of
6mm should be used - with the option to use laminated or even toughened glass for extra
strength.
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An enclosure must be escape-proof.
An enclosure must be made safe for the reptile to occupy by excluding hazards that have the
potential to harm it.
An enclosure must be designed and/or positioned so as to prevent the reptile from coming
into physical contact with wild animals, pests, domestic pets, and unauthorised persons.
When different species of reptiles are housed together, they must be compatible.
Indoor Enclosures Reptiles and amphibians require an enclosure that provides appropriate environmental conditions for the species being housed. They must be provided with temperature gradients, humidity levels and light cycles that are appropriate to the species (i.e. allows normal physical and behavioural needs). Indoor enclosure walls, floors and fittings must be constructed from impervious materials that can be easily cleaned. Enclosure surfaces, edges and ventilation grates that are accessible by the reptile should be
smooth to prevent injury. Enclosure doors need to be fitted with a locking mechanism for
enclosure security. Ventilation holes need to be provided and designed and secured so that
the reptile cannot escape.
Reptile housing
Reptile housing is very similar in the fundamentals of enclosure design and set up for all
species. For example, a secure enclosure with a heat source, thermostat, thermometer, water
bowl, somewhere to hide, enclosure furniture, substrate, and ultraviolet light if required.
However, with the wide variety of reptile species now available to licensed keepers, there can
be very specific housing requirements for specific species. Commercially sold reptile
enclosures are available in timber, plastic or glass. It is essential that after choosing an
appropriate enclosure that a heat source is added to allow thermoregulation. It is a
requirement that a thermostat is attached to the enclosure’s heat source to guarantee the
setting of specific temperatures for individual animals can be achieved. The combination of a
thermostat and thermometer work together to ensure a suitable heat source is provided for
reptiles and amphibians. The selection of substrates and furniture can be varied for individual
species. Ensure that before housing any reptile or amphibian species, you research the species
to be kept and know its housing and husbandry needs!
Venomous Snakes
Security must be of the highest priority. Ensure all venomous snake enclosures remain
locked at all times, except for cleaning and feeding times. An enclosure housing venomous
snakes must be labelled with a venomous snake sign. Venomous snake keepers must be
suitably trained and hold a current first aid certificate. All Categories of venomous snakes
must also be held within a locked, escape-proof room, which prevents unauthorised entry.
Responsible venomous snake sales are only to owners who are licensed, trained and certified
to hold such snakes.
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Food and Water Reptiles and amphibians must receive a balanced and complete diet that allows them to
maintain good health and growth, recognising the physiological status and special needs of
differing ages and species. Clean, fresh water must be available for all animals at all times at a
temperature and quality that meets the animal’s needs. Containers must be readily accessible
to animals and positioned to avoid spillage and reduce the contamination by faeces. Avoid any
food or water containers being directly under a heat source, unless the aim is to place a water
container closer to the heat source to achieve a higher humidity. Ensure enclosure furniture
and perching is not directly above a water container. The larger the enclosure and overall
floor area (refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2) the greater the
opportunity is to provide ample opportunity to place food and water containers appropriately.
Reptile and amphibian food and water requirements vary enormously. Before acquiring any
reptile species, ensure that you research the species to be kept and know its daily food and
water needs. A water bowl should always be provided for all animals. Water bowls should be
cleaned regularly and refilled with fresh clean water. The shingleback lizard Tiliqua rugosus for
example, only requires a small water bowl and generally drinks water once a week.
Consideration must be given to the size and depth of the bowl. Snakes often need a larger and
deeper water bowl as they can often soak before shedding. Take caution, some lizards may
drown in a water bowl that is too deep.
Suitable Water & Food Dishes
All food and water dishes should be easy to clean and sterilise. Separate bowls for each
enclosure must be provided. Stainless steel or plastic dishes are usually best overall. Dishes
should be thoroughly cleaned after every feed and not re-used to feed other animals later on.
This is of course especially important for animals in quarantine situations.
Some reptiles and amphibians do not necessarily need a food dish as they eat their food
whole or whilst submersed in water.
Water dishes should be shallow enough for any reptile or amphibian to get out of if required.
Many reptiles cannot swim and may drown in such situations. Some reptiles require large
bodies of water to feed, swim, or completely immerse in during hot or dry weather. This
should always be provided where possible. Some reptiles will not actively drink at all and will
get their fluids from the foods that they eat. However, many will drink from water bowls,
ponds or droplets on foliage. Many also benefit from additional moisture during times of
shedding.
All equipment used in the food preparation for reptiles and amphibians should always be
clean, and even sterilised where required. Some food items may need to be defrosted before
feeding, and this should be done naturally, and never in a microwave oven or in hot to warm
water to speed up the thawing process. Fish can be gently defrosted using cold tap water, but
rats, mice, rabbits and chickens for example, should always be defrosted slowly, naturally and
fed at room temperature.
When providing water for amphibians, all water used must be de-chlorinated by aging it for
24-48 hours. Alternatively, you can use commercially prepared water conditioners, which are
available from retail stores.
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Storage of Foods
All fruit and vegetables should be stored effectively, usually in a fridge at 4°C. Rats, mice,
chicken, fish, and prawns for example, should be stored in a freezer and thawed as required in
a refrigerator overnight. When using freshly killed foodstuffs, food should be presented to
the reptiles and amphibians within an hour of euthanasia.
Presentation of Foods
Fruits and vegetables can be offered in dishes, chopped, diced or blended, depending upon
the species being fed. Live insects can be released into enclosures so that animals can catch
them, or many reptiles and amphibians will accept insects from tweezers. Foliage and flowers
can be offered on the branch as most of the species that consume these have large strong
jaws to tear them off.
A reptile’s willingness to feed in captivity can be determined by the animal feeling
comfortable in the environment provided. A settling in period of two weeks may be needed
for newly acquired reptiles. Always maintain detailed feeding records for your reptile ensuring
your animal is being fed correctly. Refer to Appendices 2, 3 and 4 for examples of reptile and
amphibian record keeping documents.
The natural diet and metabolic rate (activity rate) varies considerably from one reptile and
amphibian to another. Winter (June to August) is the time most reptiles and amphibians
experience a cooling off period. The reptile and amphibian metabolism rate slows and
brumation takes place. Throughout the brumation state reptiles and amphibians can survive
without food for the winter season. However, a bowl of water must be provided.
Captive Diets
Frogs: Frogs are insect eaters. Suitable insects, depending on the size of the frog may include:
crickets, grasshoppers, houseflies, cockroaches (woodies), blowflies, beetles, moths,
earthworms, silkworms, day old mice and occasionally, mealworms. Frogs are active at night.
Feed frogs three to four times weekly.
Turtles: Always feed turtles in, or adjacent to water, as they may need to submerse
themselves in water in order to feed. The preferred food of freshwater turtles is ground beef,
liver, heart, raw fish crickets, cockroaches, grasshoppers, earthworms, silkworms, blood
worms, raw fish (invertebrates to be fed live or thawed and preferably whole), yabbies and
fish pellets. Some species will eat water plants and a variety of green vegetables. A vitamin
and mineral supplement powder is required for an all meat diet. Hatchlings may be fed every
second day. Adults fed twice weekly.
Lizards: Lizards have a large range of food preferences. Insects make up a large proportion of
a lizard’s diet. Mealworms, crickets, grasshoppers, silkworms, cockroaches, fruit flies, maggots
and moths are a natural part of their diet. Ensure your insect supply is pesticide free. A
vitamin and mineral supplement powder is required for an all meat diet. A variety of fruits and
vegetables may also be fed. Many lizards will accept canned dog and cat food or commercially
sold food through pet shops. Lizards have a higher metabolic rate than snakes and therefore
generally feed far more frequently than snakes. Some small species of lizards such as dragons
and monitors may require food daily. Larger species can be fed one to two times weekly. The
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most important things to do are to establish a feeding routine, stick to it and keep records.
Note: Many dragon, monitor and skink species can be territorial or aggressive by nature.
Observe and monitor behaviour of grouped lizard species for any signs of aggression,
particularly around feeding time.
Snakes: Snakes are predators and will feed on a wide range of birds, mammals and reptiles.
Prey items are either killed by venom, suffocated or swallowed alive. After overpowering their
food, all snakes swallow food whole. In captivity, rodents are usually fed as a preferred food
source. When feeding snakes, a good guide for choosing the size of the food item for the size
of the snake is to select a rodent that has the same size head as the snake as this will allow the
snake to stretch and modify its skull and jaws enough to consume its prey. Obtain food from a
reliable source or breed your own rodents. Ensure food is pesticide free. Separate snakes prior
to feeding if housed together. It is important to establish a feeding routine with snakes, as
adults only require one meal two times weekly, once a week or once a fortnight. Snakes and
crocodiles will usually take whole foods such as mice, rats, chickens or rabbits from large
tongs or other feeding implements.
Crocodiles: Crocodiles will usually take food in pieces or chunks such as mice, rats, chicken,
fish or rabbit from large tongs or other feeding implements.
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements: Vitamin and mineral supplements are of benefit for frogs,
turtles, lizards and crocodiles. For frogs, sprinkle calcium/vitamin powder in a take away
container and add insects. For turtles, lizards and crocodiles, sprinkle calcium/vitamin powder
on food or inject liquid supplements into the food items.. Read and follow the instructions on
the supplement container. Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air is influenced by the
presence of drinking water, the body of water and the live plants within the enclosure. It can
also be influenced by ventilation offered, surrounding temperatures and humidity. Investigate
your chosen reptile and amphibian and the humidity required. Species that have originated
from the tropical rainforest of Queensland will require a humid environment, whereas desert
species thrive in a drier environment though may need microclimates where increased
humidity is found especially around the time of shedding.. The use of different sized water
bowls and mist spraying in summer or around slough time can assist in the control of
humidity. A commercially made humidity controller should be placed in the enclosure to
provide an accurate reading.
Outdoor enclosures: This is required for pet stores, because many in Northern Australia use outdoor housing.
OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES ARE NOT RECOMMENDED FOR HOUSING REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS
With exceptions, in the right climatic region, correct aspect, a well-insulated hide and
provisions of a heat source in an outdoor enclosure, reptiles can be kept outdoors. It is not
recommended to keep frogs outside for the following reasons: predation on frogs kept
outdoors is common, exposure to disease and pathogens, lack of suitable location to meet
housing requirements, and almost impossible to observe captive frogs in an outdoor housing
environment.
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An outdoor enclosure must consider aspect and location, be designed and managed to
account for the full range of seasonal weather variation, and risks from domestic and wild
predators and potential pest infestations. If a reptile is to be housed in an outdoor enclosure,
the temperature, humidity and lighting regime must be similar to that occurring in its natural
range. It is recommended that an outdoor enclosure be raised above ground level to provide
sufficient drainage to prevent the accumulation of water. An outdoor enclosure must be
designed and situated so that the reptile is provided with sufficient sunlight in cooler months
and shade in warmer months. Depending on your location and the ability for a reptile to
achieve its preferred body temperature, supplement heating may be required. An outdoor
enclosure must provide locations where the reptile can find shelter from weather conditions
such as heat, cold and rain. For terrestrial species this must include a range of shelters or hide
boxes, which are permanently dry. The ability to keep reptiles outdoors can be restricted to
warmer, temperate and tropical climates. Additionally, reptiles may not be able to be kept
outdoors during the colder seasonal months. The types of outdoor enclosures can range from
suspended enclosures, aviaries, enclosed pits, screen mesh enclosure or fine wire 6.5mm x
6.5mm enclosure and indoor/outdoor combined enclosures. All of these options have merit,
but careful consideration must be given to the selection of an outdoor enclosure, as it needs
to be based on the individual requirements for the animal being housed.
Health Care and Record keeping: It is recommended that staff are familiar with signs of
common and zoonotic diseases of reptiles and amphibians. The monitoring of health and
wellbeing of animals should be carried out daily. Maintain detailed records of your reptiles
and amphibians to ensure that each specimen being fed is cared for correctly (refer to
Appendices 2, 3 and 4). List feeding dates, food offered, acceptance or refusal of food, skin
shed, medical treatment, observed mating, and record length and weight. These records are
essential in monitoring the health of animals in your store.
Hygiene: It is recommended that all reptiles and amphibians enclosures must be checked, and
then cleaned daily if required. The frequency of checking and cleaning may increase
depending on the species. Cleaning and disinfection chemicals and materials must be chosen
on the basis of their suitability, safety to humans and animals, and effectiveness. They must
be used only in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Before new animals are
introduced, vacant enclosures must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. The Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals held must be available to staff.
Waste: Waste material including faeces, litter, uneaten foods, disposable food containers and
bedding, aquarium waste water and substrates must be disposed of promptly and hygienically
in accordance with requirements of local government authorities.
Veterinary Care: It is recommended that the person in charge of trading in reptiles and
amphibians establish an agreement with one or more local veterinarians and any other
suitably qualified person who are able to attend to animal emergencies or sick animals and to
advise on management and disease prevention measures. Sick or injured reptiles and
amphibians must be kept isolated and animals kept away from public view and not offered for
sale.
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Euthanasia of reptiles and amphibians must be performed only by a veterinary surgeon or a
person who is an authorised euthanasia technician.
Lighting
Like the need for the provision of appropriate heating for reptiles the need for adequate and
appropriate lighting for reptiles cannot be over-emphasised. The following factors need to be
considered:
The species being housed
The type of light required e.g. UVB, UVA, visible light
The photoperiod i.e. how long the lights should be on and off
The design of the enclosure
All reptiles benefit from being exposed to a daylight cycle that reflects their natural exposure.
In many cases this can be simply achieved by fitting timers to light fixtures to provide light for
12-14 hours a day. Similarly reptiles and amphibians should not be exposed to light for 24
hours a day. A period of darkness is essential for their wellbeing and to minimse stress. This
includes exposure to so called “red lights” overnight. A common misconception is that reptiles
are unable to see this type or colour of light and so these lights are suitable for 24-hour use.
This is not true and such lights should not be used overnight. An excellent alternative would
be to use a low wattage ceramic heat emitter to provide overnight an overnight heat source.
Many species of reptiles benefit and in fact require exposure to ultraviolet light (UV).
Specifically they require exposure to UVB light. UVB light is of a specific wavelength that
promotes the formation of vitamin D in the animals’ skin which can then be used to absorb
calcium from the diet. Failure to provide such light can result in the development of a
condition called Secondary Nutritional Hyperparathyroidism (commonly referred to as
“Metabolic Bone Disease”. Young, growing animals are particularly prone to this condition.
It is generally regarded that most, if not all, species of turtle and lizard, should be provided
with UVB lighting, even for the probable short period of time that the animal(s) are to be
retained in the store. There is mounting evidence that even nocturnal species such as many of
the geckos, can also show improved health with even minimal exposure to this type of light.
The provision of UVB light to snake is one of continual debate. Studies have shown that some
species respond favourably to exposure while in other species it has been shown to have no
apparent affect. As a general recommendation UVB lighting should be provided to snake if the
enclosure design and construction allows for it. With this in mind though it is still prudent to
allow snakes to experience a normal daylight cycle of visible light.
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When using UVB lighting it is also important to consider
The age of the light. UVB-producing lights degrade with time and as such need to be
replaced as per the manufacturer’s guidelines
The distance from the light to the animal. UVB light follows a mathematical principle
called the “inverse square law”. This basically means that the further away from the light
the animal is the less UVB it is exposed to. With this is mind light should be chosen and
positioned so that the animal gains appropriate exposure. As an example an enclosure
should not be so tall that no UVB light reaches an animal that spends all of its time on the
bottom of the enclosure. Branches and other climbing furniture should be provided so as
to allow the reptile or amphibian to be able to regulate it’s own exposure
UVB safety. UV light is considered hazardous and some lights have been shown to produce
dangerous levels of UV light if faulty. People working with these lights should minimise
their exposure where possible and ensure they light are producing appropriate levels of
UV light via the use of equipment such as UV meters.
Hospital and Quarantine Facilities
All sick animals should be removed from display and housed in a separate hospital enclosure
to allow adequate monitoring and treatment. These animals should be attended to last to
avoid any cross-contamination with healthy animals in the store.
If deemed necessary any sick animals should be examined and treated by a veterinarian
experienced with reptiles and amphibians
All new acquisitions should be housed away from displayed animals until such time that an
adequate quarantine period has been observed. This length of time will depend upon:
The species involved
The possible diseases and illnesses that could potentially be carried by the species in
question
The source of the animals. Stores should only purchase animals from known breeders with
a good reputation.
The degree of risk that the store wishes to take. In an ideal world animals may be kept in
quarantine for extended periods of time (e.g. in excess of two years for pythons) but is a
retail situation this unrealistic. As such stores need to develop a policy for quarantine
based on what they feel is adequate for their situation and reputation. They need to be
aware of the potential pathogens (e.g. mites, viruses etc.), their biology and what steps
can be undertaken to minimise the risks.
Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that can be transferred from animals to humans.
Unfortunately there are several potentially zoonotic diseases that can be carried by reptiles
and amphibians. These include but are not limited to Salmonella, mycobacteria and
Cryptosporidia.
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Adequate hygiene is essential when handling reptiles and amphibians. It is imperative that
hands should be washed after handling such animals. Hands and fingers should not be
placed in the mouth after handling.
Equipment, utensils and food related tools should never be prepared or cleaned in the
vicinity of where human food is prepared or consumed.
People with conditions that result in an immunocompromised state (e.g. receiving
chemotherapy, HIV) and children under 5 years of age should have minimal exposure to
reptiles and amphibians to decrease the risk of zoonotic disease transmission.
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Minimum Enclosure Standards for
Reptiles and Amphibians Part 1
Enclosure Category 1 - Snakes
Description 1A Snakes: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <35cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
1A Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA &
SA Refer to Reptile and Amphibian
Enclosure Recommendations
Part 2 for increased area for
each additional animal (cm2).
Children's Python
Antaresia childreni 1
Small Blotched Python
Antaresia maculosa 1
Pygmy Python Antaresia perthensis 1
Stimsons Python
Antaresia stimsoni 1
Description: 1B Snakes: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles greater than >35cm and less than
<75cm in length
1B Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Children's Python
Antaresia childreni 1
Small Blotched Python
Antaresia maculosa 1
Pygmy Python Antaresia perthensis 1
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus
1
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 1
Water Python Liasis fuscus 1
Northern Tree
Snake
Dendrelaphis
calligastra
1
Common or
Green Tree
Snake
Dendrelaphis
punctulata
1
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus
olivaceus
1
Pilbara Olive
Python
Liasis olivaceus
baroni
1
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 1
Centralian
Carpet Python
Morelia spilota
bredli
1
Rough-scaled
Python
Morelia carinata 1
Jungle Carpet
Python
Morelia spilota
cheynei
1
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South Western
Carpet
Morelia spilota
imbricata
1
Coastal Carpet
Python
Morelia spilota
mcdowelli
1
Inland Carpet
Python
Morelia spilota
metcalfei
1
Diamond
Python
Morelia spilota
spilota
1
North Western
Carpet Python
Morelia spilota
variegata
1
Green Python Morelia virdis 1
Slatey-grey
Snake
Stegonotus
cucullatus
1
Keelback Tropidonophis mairii 1
Description: 1C Snakes: Greater than >75cm and less than <100cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
1C Snakes: VIC,ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Children's Python Antaresia childreni
1
Small Blotched Python Antaresiamaculosa
1
Stimsons Python Antaresia Stimsoni 1
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus
1
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 1
Water Python Liasis fuscus 1
Northern Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis calligastra
1
Common or Green Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis punctulata
1
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus
1
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni
1
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 1
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 1
South Western
Carpet
Morelia spilota
imbricata
1
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 1
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Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei
1
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata
1
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli
1
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 1
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata
1
Green Python Morelia virdis 1
Green Python Morelia virdis 1
Slatey-grey
Snake
Stegonotus cucullatus 1
Keelback Tropidonophis mairii 1
Description 1D Snakes: greater than >100cm and less than < 140cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
1D Snakes:
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Children's Python Antaresia childreni
1
Small Blotched Python Antaresia maculosa
1
Stimsons Python Antaresia Stimsoni 1
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus
1
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 1
Water Python Liasis fuscus 1
Northern Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis calligastra
1
Common or Green Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis punctulata
1
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus
1
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni 1
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 1
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 1
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 1
Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei
1
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata
1
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli
1
Inland Carpet Python
Morelia spilota metcalfei
1
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Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 1
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata
1
Green Python Morelia virdis 1
Slatey-grey Snake
Stegonotus cucullatus 1
Description 1E Snakes: greater than >140cm and less than < 300cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name
1D Snakes:
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus
1
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi
1
Water Python Liasis fuscus 1
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus
1
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni
1
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina
1
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli
1
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 1
Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei
1
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata
1
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli
1
Inland Carpet Python
Morelia spilota metcalfei
1
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota
1
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata
1
Green Python Morelia virdis 1
Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus
1
Description: 1F Snakes: Greater than >300cm in length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
per cage Comments
1D Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Common Name
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus
1
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus
1
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Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni
1
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina
1
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli
1
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli
1
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota
1
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata
1
Enclosure Category 2 – Venomous Snakes
Description 2A Venomous Snake: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <50cm in length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
per cage Comments
2A Venomous Snakes
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Common Death Adder
Acanthophis antarcticus
1
Northern Death Adder
Acanthophis praelongus
1
Pilbara Death Adder
Acanthophis wellsi
1
Desert Death Adder Acanthophis pyrrhus
1
Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 1
Lowland Copperhead
Austrelaps superbus
1
Eastern Small-eyed Snake
Cryptophis nigrescens
1
Yellow-faced Whip Snake
Demansia psammophis
1
Stephen's Banded Snake
Hoplocephalus stephensii
1
Black Tiger Snake Notechis ater 1
Tiger Snake (all taxa)
Notechis scutatus (all taxa)
1
Fierce Snake Parademansia microlepidotus
1
Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus
1
Little Whip Snake Parasuta flagellum
1
Mulga Snake Pseudechis australis
1
Spotted Mulga Snake (Butler’s Black snake)
Pseudechis butleri
1
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Red-bellied Black Snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus
1
Dugite Pseudonaja affinis
1
Speckled Brown Snake
Pseudonaja guttata
1
Western Brown Snake (Gwardar) incl Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety
Pseudonaja mengdeni including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis
1
Eastern Brown Snake
Pseudonaja textilis
1
Curl Snake Suta suta 1
Description 2B Venomous Snake: Greater than >50cm and less than <80cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
2B Venomous Snakes
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Common Death Adder
Acanthophis antarcticus
1
Northern Death Adder
Acanthophis praelongus
1
Pilbara Death Adder
Acanthophis wellsi
1
Desert Death Adder Acanthophis pyrrhus
1
Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 1
Lowland Copperhead
Austrelaps superbus
1
Eastern Small-eyed Snake
Cryptophis nigrescens
1
Yellow-faced Whip Snake
Demansia psammophis
1
Stephen’s Banded Snake
Hoplocephalus stephensii
1
Black Tiger Snake Notechis ater 1
Tiger Snake (all taxa)
Notechis scutatus (all taxa)
1
Fierce Snake Parademansia microlepidotus
1
Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus
1
Mulga Snake Pseudechis australis
1
Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black snake)
Pseudechis butleri
1
Red-bellied Black Snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus
1
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Dugite Pseudonaja affinis
1
Speckled Brown Snake
Pseudonaja guttata
1
Western Brown Snake (Gwardar),including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety
Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis
1
Eastern Brown Snake
Pseudonaja textilis
1
Description 2C Venomous Snake: Greater than >80cm and less than <120cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
2C Venomous Snakes
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Common Death Adder
Acanthophis antarcticus
1
Northern Death Adder
Acanthophis praelongus
1
Pilbara Death Adder
Acanthophis wellsi
1
Desert Death Adder Acanthophis pyrrhus
1
Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 1
Lowland Copperhead
Austrelaps superbus
1
Eastern Small-eyed Snake
Cryptophis nigrescens
1
Yellow-faced Whip Snake
Demansia psammophis
1
Stephen’s Banded Snake
Hoplocephalus stephensii
1
Black Tiger Snake Notechis ater 1
Tiger Snake (all taxa)
Notechis scutatus (all taxa)
1
Fierce Snake Parademansia microlepidotus
1
Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus
1
Mulga Snake Pseudechis australis
1
Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black snake)
Pseudechis butleri
1
Red-bellied Black Snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus
1
Dugite Pseudonaja affinis
1
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Speckled Brown Snake
Pseudonaja guttata
1
Western Brown Snake (Gwardar),including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety
Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis
1
Eastern Brown Snake
Pseudonaja textilis
1
Description 2D Venomous Snake: Greater than >120cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
2D Venomous Snakes
VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Brown Tree Snake Boiga irregularis 1
Black Tiger Snake Notechis ater 1
Tiger Snake (all taxa)
Notechis scutatus (all taxa)
1
Fierce Snake Parademansia microlepidotus
1
Taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus
1
Mulga Snake Pseudechis australis
1
Spotted Mulga Snake(Butler’s Black Snake)
Pseudechis butleri
1
Red-bellied Black Snake
Pseudechis porphyriacus
1
Dugite Pseudonaja affinis
1
Speckled Brown Snake
Pseudonaja guttata
1
Western Brown Snake (Gwardar), including Southern Central Australia variety and Tropical Northern Australia variety
Pseudonaja mengdeni, including Pseudonaja aspidorhyncha & Pseudonaja nuchalis
1
Eastern Brown Snake
Pseudonaja textilis
1
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Enclosure Category 3 – Lizards
Description 3A Geckos: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles Less than <12cm snout to
vent length (SV) small housing category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3A Geckos: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian
Enclosure Recommendations Part 2
for increased area for each
additional animal (cm2).
Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus
1
Pink-blotched Gecko
Diplodactylus byrnei
1
Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus
1
Western Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus granariensis
1
Tessellated Gecko Diplodactylus tessellatus
1
Eastern Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus vittatus
1
Northern Dtella Gehyra australis 1
Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata
1
Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei
1
Desert Cave Gecko
Heteronotia spelea
1
Beaded Gecko Lucasium damaeum
1
Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough)
Nephrurus asper 1
Pale Knob Tailed Gecko
Nephrurus laevissimus
1
Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus levis 1
Barking Gecko Nephrurus milii 1
Starred Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus stellatus
1
Marbled Velvet Gecko
Oedura marmorata
1
Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko
Oedura tryoni 1
Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko
Saltuarius salebrosus
1
Southern Leaf-tailed Gecko
Saltuarius swaini 1
North Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus ciliaris
1
Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi 1
Southern Spiny- Strophurus 1
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tailed Gecko intermedius
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda
1
Description 3B Geckos: Greater than >12cm less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV)
medium housing category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3B Geckos: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus
2 sub-adults, 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles
Pink-blotched Gecko
Diplodactylus byrnei
As above
Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus
As above
Western Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus granariensis
As above
Tessellated Gecko Dilodactylus tessellatus
As above
Eastern Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus vittatus
As above
Northern Dtella Gehyra australis As above
Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata
As above
Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei
As above
Desert Cave Gecko
Heteronotia spelea
As above
Beaded Gecko Lucasium damaeum
As above
Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough)
Nephrurus asper As above
Pale Knob Tailed Gecko
Nephrurus laevissimus
As above
Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus levis As above
Barking Gecko Nephrurus milii As above
Starred Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus stellatus
As above
Marbled Velvet Gecko
Oedura marmorata
As above
Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko
Oedura tryoni As above
Rough-throated Leaf- tail Gecko
Saltuarius salebrosus
As above
Southern Leaf-tailed Gecko
Saltuarius swaini As above
North Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus ciliaris
As above
Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi As above
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Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus intermedius
As above
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda
As above
Description 3C Geckos: Greater than >12cm less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV)
medium housing category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3C Geckos: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus
4 sub-adults, 2 adult or up to 6 juveniles
Pink-blotched Gecko
Diplodactylus byrnei
As above
Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus
As above
Western Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus granariensis
As above
Tessellated Gecko Dilodactylus tessellatus
As above
Eastern Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus vittatus
As above
Northern Dtella Gehyra australis As above
Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata
As above
Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei
As above
Desert Cave Gecko
Heteronotia spelea
As above
Beaded Gecko Lucasium damaeum
As above
Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough)
Nephrurus asper As above
Pale Knob Tailed Gecko
Nephrurus laevissimus
As above
Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus levis As above
Barking Gecko Nephrurus milii As above
Starred Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus stellatus
As above
Marbled Velvet Gecko
Oedura marmorata
As above
Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko
Oedura tryoni As above
Rough-throated Leaf- tail Gecko
Saltuarius salebrosus
As above
Southern Leaf-tailed Gecko
Saltuarius swaini As above
North Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus ciliaris
As above
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Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi As above
Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus intermedius
As above
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda
As above
Description 3 Skinks: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <20cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3D Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian
Enclosure Recommendations Part 2
for increased area for each
additional animal (cm2).
Eastern Three-lined Skink
Acritoscincus duperreyi
Up to 3 juveniles
Red-throated Skink
Acritoscincus platynota
Up to 3 juveniles
Major Skink Bellatorias frerei Up to 3 juveniles
Sandhill Ctenotus (Brook’s Striped Skink)
Ctenotus brooksi Up to 3 juveniles
Ocellated Skink Ctenotus pantherinus
Up to 3 juveniles
Regal Skink (Eastern Desert Ctenotus)
Ctenotus regius Up to 3 juveniles
Eastern Striped Skink
Ctenotus robustus
Up to 3 juveniles
Sandplain Ctenotus (Schomburgk’s Skink)
Ctenotus schomburgkii
Up to 3 juveniles
Pink-tongued Lizard
Cyclodomorphus gerrardii
Up to 3 juveniles
Cunningham's Skink
Egernia cunninghamii
Up to 3 juveniles
Hosmer's Skink Egernia hosmeri Up to 3 juveniles
Desert Skink Egernia inornata Up to 3 juveniles
King's Skink Egernia kingii Up to 3 juveniles
Land Mullet Egernia major Up to 3 juveniles
Masked Rock Skink
Egernia margaretae
Up to 3 juveniles
South-Western Crevice Egernia
Egernia margaretae
Up to 3 juveniles
Black Rock Skink Egernia saxatilis Up to 3 juveniles
Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii Up to 3 juveniles
Tree Skink Egernia striolata Up to 3
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juveniles
Whites Skink Egernia whitii Up to 3 juveniles
Narrow-banded Sand Swimmer
Eremiascincus fasciolatus
Up to 3 juveniles
Broad-banded Sand Swimmer
Eremiascincus richardsonii
Up to 3 juveniles
Eastern Water Skink
Eulamprus quoyii Up to 3 juveniles
Southern Water Skink
Eulamprus tympanum tympanum subspecies only
Up to 3 juveniles
Three toed Earless Skink
Hemiergis decresiensis
Up to 3 juveniles
Four-toed Earless Skink
Hemiergis peronii
Up to 3 juveniles
Garden Skink Lampropholis delicata
Up to 3 juveniles
Grass Skink Lampropholis guichenoti
Up to 3 juveniles
Bougainville's Skink
Lerista bougainvillii
Up to 3 juveniles
Burrowing Skink Lerista picturata Up to 3 juveniles
Adelaide Snake-eye Skink
Morethia adelaidensis
Up to 3 juveniles
Dwarf Skink Menetia greyii Up to 3 juveniles
Boulenger's Skink Morethia boulengeri
Up to 3 juveniles
Southern Grass Skink
Pseudemoia entrecasteauxii
Up to 3 juveniles
Spencer's Skink Pseudemoia spenceri
Up to 3 juveniles
Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua multifasciata
Up to 3 juveniles
Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua nigrolutea
Up to 3 juveniles
Western Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua occipitalis Up to 3 juveniles
Shingle-Back Lizard
Tiliqua rugosus Up to 3 juveniles
Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua scincoides
Up to 3 juveniles
Description 3E Skinks: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles greater than >20 and less
than <40cm (SV) length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage
Comments
3E Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 1 sub-adult or up to 6
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juveniles
Ocellated Skink Ctenotus pantherinus
As above
Eastern Striped Skink
Ctenotus robustus
As above
Pink-tongued Lizard
Cyclodomorphus gerrardii
As above
Cunningham's Skink
Egernia cunninghamii
As above Social species
Hosmer's Skink Egernia hosmeri As above
King's Skink Egernia kingii As above
Land Mullet Egernia major As above
South-Western Crevice Egernia
Egernia margaretae
As above
Black Rock Skink Egernia saxatilis As above Social species
Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii As above
Tree Skink Egernia striolata As above
Eastern Water Skink
Eulamprus quoyii As above
Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua multifasciata
As above
Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua nigrolutea
As above
Western Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua occipitalis As above
Shingle-Back Lizard
Tiliqua rugosus As above
Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua scincoides
As above
Description 3F Skinks: Greater than >40 and less than <80cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage
Comments
3F Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 1 adult or up to 6 juveniles
Pink-tongued Lizard
Cyclodomorphus gerrardii
As above
King's Skink Egernia kingii As above
Land Mullet Egernia major As above
Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua multifasciata
As above
Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua nigrolutea
As above
Western Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua occipitalis As above
Shingle-Back Lizard
Tiliqua rugosus As above
Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua scincoides
As above
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Description 3G Dragons: Less than <30cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage
Comments
3G Dragons VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian
Enclosure Recommendations Part 2
for increased area for each
additional animal (cm2).
Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti
3 adults or 10 juveniles
Long-nosed Water Dragon
Lophognathus longirostris
As above
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii
As above
Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus
As above
Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii
As above
Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni
As above
Mallee Military Dragon
Ctenophorus fordi
As above
Central Military Dragon
Ctenophorus isolepis
As above
Central Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus nuchalis
As above
Painted Dragon Ctenophorus pictus
As above
Western Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus reticulatus
As above
Red-barred Dragon
Ctenophorus vadnappa
As above
Mallee Dragon Ctenphorus fordi As above
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii As above
Southern Rainforest Dragon
Hypsilurus spinipes
As above
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
As above
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii
As above
Eastern Bearded Dragon
Pogona barbata As above
Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni)
Pogona henrylawsoni
As above
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor As above
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps As above
Lined Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis lineata
As above
Eyrean Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis tetraporophora
As above
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Description 3H Dragons: Greater than >30cm and less than <50cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Number Per Cage
Comments
3H Dragons VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti
2 adults or up to 5 juveniles
Long-nosed Water Dragon
Lophognathus longirostris
As above
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii
As above
Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus
As above
Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii
As above
Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni
As above
Mallee Military Dragon
Ctenophorus fordi
As above
Central Military Dragon
Ctenophorus isolepis
As above
Central Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus nuchalis
As above
Painted Dragon Ctenophorus pictus
As above
Western Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus reticulatus
As above
Red-barred Dragon
Ctenophorus vadnappa
As above
Mallee Dragon Ctenphorus fordi As above
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii As above
Southern Rainforest Dragon
Hypsilurus spinipes
As above
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
As above
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii
As above
Eastern Bearded Dragon
Pogona barbata As above
Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni)
Pogona henrylawsoni
As above
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor As above
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps As above
Description 3I Dragons: Greater than >50 and less than <90cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3I Dragons: VIC, ACT,
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NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii
1 adult or up to 6 juveniles
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii As above
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
As above
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii
As above
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor As above
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps As above
Description 3J Monitors: less than <30cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3J Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus
2 sub-adults, 1 adult or up to 3 juveniles
Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor
Varanus brevicauda
As above
Stripe-tailed Monitor
Varanus caudolineatus
As above
Pygmy Mulga Monitor
Varanus gilleni As above
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii As above
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus As above
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi
As above
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli
As above
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes
As above
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi
As above
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris As above
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri As above
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri As above
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis As above
Description 3K Monitors: Greater than >30cm and less than <60cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3L VIC, ACT, NT, :
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Monitors: WA & SA
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus
1 adult or up to 6 juveniles
Stripe-tailed Monitor
Varanus caudolineatus
As above
Pygmy Mulga Monitor
Varanus gilleni As above
Perentie Varanus giganteus
As above
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii As above
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus As above
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi
As above
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli
As above
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes
As above
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi
As above
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris As above
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri As above
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri As above
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis As above
Lace Monitor Varanus varius As above
Description 3L Monitors: Greater than >60cm and less than <120cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
3K Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
:
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus
1
Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor
Varanus brevicauda
1
Perentie Varanus giganteus
1
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 1
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus 1
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi
1
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli
1
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes
1
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi
1
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris 1
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 1
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Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 1
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis 1
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 1
Description 3M Monitors: Greater than >120cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
3M Monitors:
NT, SA
Perentie Varanus giganteus
1
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 1
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes
1
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 1
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 1
Description 3N Legless Lizards: Less than <30cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
3N Legless Lizards:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Southern Legless Lizard
Delma australis 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles
Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard)
Delma inornata As above
Adelaide Snake-lizard
Delma molleri As above
Burton's Snake-Lizard
Lialis burtonis As above
Common Scaly-foot
Pygopus lepidopodus
As above
Western Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus nigriceps
As above
Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus schraderi
As above
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Description 3O Legless Lizards: Greater than >30cm and less than <70cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
3O Legless Lizards:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard)
Delma inornata 3 adults or up to 10 juveniles
Adelaide Snake-lizard
Delma molleri As above
Burton's Snake-Lizard
Lialis burtonis As above
Common Scaly-foot
Pygopus lepidopodus
As above
Western Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus nigriceps
As above
Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus schraderi
As above
Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles Minimum 1800 sqcm
Description 4A Freshwater Turtles: 0-10cm Carapace length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
4A Freshwater Turtles:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta
10
Common Long-necked Turtle
Chelodina longicollis
10
Broad-shelled River Turtle
Chelodina expansa
10
Oblong Turtle Chelodina oblonga
10
Northern Snake-necked Turtle
Chelodina rugosa
10
Steindachner’s Turtle
Chelodina steindachneri
10
Northern Snapping Turtle
Elseya dentate 10
Saw-shelled Turtle Elseya latisternum
10
Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus 10
Krefft’s River Turtle
Emydura krefftii 10
Murray Short-necked Turtle
Emydura macquarii
10
Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only)
Emydura subglobosa subglobosa
10
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Description 4B FreshwaterTurtles: Greater than >10cm and less than <20cm Carapace length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
4B Freshwater Turtles:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta
6
Common Long-necked Turtle
Chelodina longicollis
6
Broad-shelled River Turtle
Chelodina expansa
6
Oblong Turtle Chelodina oblonga
6
Northern Snake-necked Turtle
Chelodina rugosa
6
Steindachner’s Turtle
Chelodina steindachneri
6
Northern Snapping Turtle
Elseya dentate 6
Saw-shelled Turtle Elseya latisternum
6
Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus 6
Krefft's River Turtle
Emydura krefftii 6
Murray Short-necked Turtle
Emydura macquarii
6
Description 4C Freshwater Turtles: Greater than >20cm Carapace length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
4C Freshwater Turtles:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta
3
Common Long-necked Turtle
Chelodina longicollis
3
Broad-shelled River Turtle
Chelodina expansa
3
Oblong Turtle Chelodina oblonga
3
Northern Snake-necked Turtle
Chelodina rugosa
3
Steindachner’s Turtle
Chelodina steindachneri
3
Northern Snapping Turtle
Elseya dentate 3
Saw-shelled Turtle Elseya latisternum
3
Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus 3
Krefft's River Emydura krefftii 3
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Turtle
Murray Short-necked Turtle
Emydura macquarii
3
Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only)
Emydura subglobosa subglobosa
3
Enclosure Category 5 - Frogs
Description 5A Frogs: Less than <6cm snout to vent length (SV)
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
5A Frogs: VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Water-holding Frog
Cyclorana platycephala
6
Southern Smooth Froglet
Geocrinia laevis 6
Western Spotted Frog
Heleioporus albopunctatus
6
Brown Striped Frog
Limnodynastes peronii
6
Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea 6
Blue Mountains Tree Frog
Litoria citropa 6
Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog
Litoria fallax 6
Dainty Green Tree Frog
Litoria gracilenta 6
Giant Tree Frog Litoria infrafrenata
6
Leseur's Frog Litoria lesueuri 6
Western Green Tree Frog
Litoria moorei 6
Narrow-fringed Frog
Litoria nudidigita 6
Peron's Tree Frog Litoria peronii 6
Leaf Green Tree Frog
Litoria phyllochroa
6
Magnificient Tree Frog
Litoria splendida 6
Whistling Tree Frog
Litoria verreauxii 6
Great Barred Frog Mixophyes fasciolatus
6
Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus
6
Common Spadefoot Toad
Neobatrachus sudelli
6
Haswell's Frog Paracrinia haswelli
6
Description 5B Frogs: Greater than >6cm and less than <12cm snout to vent length (SV)
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Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
5B Frogs: VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Water-holding Frog
Cyclorana platycephala 6
Western Spotted Frog
Heleioporus albopunctatus
6
Brown Striped Frog
Limnodynastes peronii 6
Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea 6
Blue Mountains Tree Frog
Litoria citropa 6
Giant Tree Frog Litoria infrafrenata 6
Leseur's Frog Litoria lesueuri 6
Western Green Tree Frog
Litoria moorei 6
Magnificient Tree Frog
Litoria splendida 6
Great Barred Frog Mixophyes fasciolatus 6
Giant Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus 6
Enclosure Category 6 - Crocodiles
Description 6A Crocodiles: Freshwater Crocodiles less than <30 cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
6A: Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm, individual housing
NT, SA Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2 for increased area for each additional animal (cm2).
Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 20cm
6B: Freshwater Crocodiles: less than <30 cm, multiple numbers
NT, SA
Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus johnstoni 6 Minimum water depth: 30cm
6C: Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >30 less than <60 cm
NT, SA
Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 40cm
6D: NT, SA
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Freshwater Crocodiles: greater than >60 cm less than <100cm
Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 50cm
6E:
Freshwater
Crocodiles:
greater than
>100cm
NT, SA
Freshwater Crocodile
Crocodylus johnstoni 1 Minimum water depth: 50cm
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Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations
Outdoor Enclosure Category 7 - Snakes
Description 7A Snakes: Greater than >80cm and less than <120cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
7A Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Note: The keeping of Reptiles and Amphibians outdoors COMES WITH BIG WARNINGS (refer to Housing and Husbandry section).
Children's Python Antaresia childreni 2
Small Blotched Python Antaresia maculosa
2
Pygmy Python Antaresia perthensis 2
Stimsons Python Antaresia Stimsoni 2
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus 2
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 2
Water Python Liasis fuscus 2
Northern Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis calligastra 2
Common or Green Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis punctulata 2
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni 2
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 2
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 2
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 2
Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei 2
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata 2
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2
Inland Carpet Python
Morelia spilota metcalfei 2
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 2
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata 2
Green Python Morelia spilota virdis 2
Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2
Keelback Tropidonophis mairii 2
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Description 7B Snakes: Greater than >120 and less than <180cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
7B Snakes:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Note: The keeping of Reptiles and Amphibians outdoors COMES WITH BIG WARNINGS (refer to Housing and Husbandry section).
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus 2
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 2
Water Python Liasis fuscus 2
Northern Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis calligastra 2
Common or Green Tree Snake
Dendrelaphis punctulata 2
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni 2
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 2
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 2
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 2
Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei 2
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata 2
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2
Inland Carpet Python
Morelia spilota metcalfei 2
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 2
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata 2
Green Python Morelia spilota virdis 2
Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2
Description 7C Snakes: Greater than >180 and less than <300cm in length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers per cage
Comments
7C Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus 2
Woma Python Aspidites ramsayi 2
Water Python Liasis fuscus 2
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2
Pilbara Olive Liasis olivaceus baroni 2
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Python
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 2
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 2
Rough-scaled Python
Morelia carinata 2
Jungle Carpet Python
Morelia spilota cheynei 2
South Western Carpet
Morelia spilota imbricata 2
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2
Inland Carpet Python
Morelia spilota metcalfei 2
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 2
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata 2
Green Python Morelia spilota virdis 2
Slatey-grey Snake Stegonotus cucullatus 2
Description 7D Snakes: Greater than >300cm in length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
per cage Comments
7D Snakes: VIC, ACT, NSW, NT, WA & SA
Black-headed Python
Aspidites melanocephalus 2
Olive Python Liasis olivaceus olivaceus 2
Pilbara Olive Python
Liasis olivaceus baroni 2
Scrub Python Morelia amethistina 2
Centralian Carpet Python
Morelia spilota bredli 2
Coastal Carpet Python
Morelia spilota mcdowelli 2
Diamond Python Morelia spilota spilota 2
North Western Carpet Python
Morelia spilota variegata 2
Outdoor Enclosure Category 8 - Geckos
Description 8A Geckos: Small species, hatchlings and juveniles less than <25cm snout to vent length (SV) Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
8A Geckos: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Note: Screen mesh enclosure or fine wire 6.5mm x 6.5mm enclosure (refer to Housing and Husbandry section).
Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus 2
Pink-blotched Gecko
Diplodactylus byrnei 2
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Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus
2
Western Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus granariensis
2
Tessellated Gecko Diplodactylus tessellatus 2
Eastern Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus vittatus 2
Northern Dtella Gehyra australis 2
Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata 2
Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei 2
Desert Cave Gecko
Heteronotia spelea 2
Beaded Gecko Lucasium damaeum 2
Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough)
Nephrurus asper 2
Pale Knob Tailed Gecko
Nephrurus laevissimus 2
Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus levis 2
Barking Gecko Nephrurus milii 2
Starred Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus stellatus 2
Marbled Velvet Gecko
Oedura marmorata 2
Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko
Oedura tryoni 2
Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko
Saltuarius salebrosus 2
Southern Leaf-tailed Gecko
Saltuarius swaini 2
North Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus ciliaris 2
Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi 2
Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus intermedius 2
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda 2
Description 8B Geckos: Greater than >25cm snout to vent length (SV)
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
8B Geckos: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Note: Fine wire 6.5mm x 6.5mm enclosure (refer to Housing and Husbandry section).
Marbled Gecko Christinus marmoratus 6
Pink-blotched Gecko
Diplodactylus byrnei 6
Fat-tailed Gecko Diplodactylus conspicillatus
6
Western Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus granariensis
6
Tessellated Gecko Diplodactylus tessellatus 6
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Eastern Stone Gecko
Diplodactylus vittatus 6
Northern Dtella Gehyra australis 6
Tree Dtella Gehyra variegata 6
Bynoe's Gecko Heteronotia binoei 6
Desert Cave Gecko
Heteronotia spelea 6
Beaded Gecko Lucasium damaeum 6
Spiny Knob-tail Gecko (Rough)
Nephrurus asper 6
Pale Knob Tailed Gecko
Nephrurus laevissimus 6
Smooth Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus levis 6
Barking Gecko Nephrurus milii 6
Starred Knob-tailed Gecko
Nephrurus stellatus 6
Marbled Velvet Gecko
Oedura marmorata 6
Southern Spotted Velvet Gecko
Oedura tryoni 6
Rough-throated Leaf-tail Gecko
Saltuarius salebrosus 6
Southern Leaf-tailed Gecko
Saltuarius swaini 6
North Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus ciliaris 6
Jewelled Gecko Strophurus elderi 6
Southern Spiny-tailed Gecko
Strophurus intermedius 6
Golden-tailed Gecko
Strophurus taenicauda 6
Outdoor Enclosure Category 9 - Skinks
Category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
9A Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 6
Ocellated Skink Ctenotus pantherinus 6
Eastern Striped Skink
Ctenotus robustus 6
Pink-tongued Lizard
Cyclodomorphus gerrardii 6
Cunningham's Skink
Egernia cunninghamii 6
Hosmer's Skink Egernia hosmeri 6
King's Skink Egernia kingii 6
Land Mullet Egernia major 6
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South-Western Crevice Egernia
Egernia margaretae 6
Black Rock Skink Egernia saxatilis 6 A social species
Gidgee Skink Egernia stokesii 6
Tree Skink Egernia striolata 6
Eastern Water Skink
Eulamprus quoyii 6
Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua multifasciata 6
Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua nigrolutea 6
Western Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua occipitalis 6
Shingle-Back Lizard
Tiliqua rugosus 6
Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua scincoides 6
Description 9B Skinks: Greater than >40 and less than <80cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
9B Skinks: VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Major Skink Bellatorias frerei 4
Pink-tongued Lizard
Cyclodomorphus gerrardii 4
King's Skink Egernia kingii 4
Land Mullet Egernia major 4
Centralian Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua multifasciata 4
Blotched Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua nigrolutea 4
Western Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua occipitalis 4
Shingle-Back Lizard
Tiliqua rugosus 4
Eastern Blue-tongued Lizard
Tiliqua scincoides 4
Outdoor Enclosure Category 10 - Dragons
Description 10A Dragons: Less than <30cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name
Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
10A Dragons:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Refer to Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations.
Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti 4
Long-nosed Water Dragon
Lophognathus longirostris 4
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii 4
Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus 4
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Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii 4
Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni 4
Mallee Military Dragon
Ctenophorus fordi 4
Central Military Dragon
Ctenophorus isolepis 4
Central Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus nuchalis 4
Painted Dragon Ctenophorus pictus 4
Western Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus reticulatus 4
Red-barred Dragon
Ctenophorus vadnappa 4
Mallee Dragon Ctenphorus fordi 4
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii 4
Southern Rainforest Dragon
Hypsilurus spinipes 4
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
4
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii 4
Eastern Bearded Dragon
Pogona barbata 4
Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni)
Pogona henrylawsoni 4
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor 4
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps 4
Lined Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis lineata 4
Eyrean Earless Dragon
Tympanocryptis tetraporophora
4
Description 10B Dragons: Greater than >30cm and less than <50cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
10B Dragons:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Gilbert's Dragon Lophognathus gilberti 6
Long-nosed Water Dragon
Lophognathus longirostris 6
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii 6
Crested Dragon Ctenophorus cristatus 6
Tawny Dragon Ctenophorus decresii 6
Peninsula Dragon Ctenophorus fionni 6
Mallee Military Dragon
Ctenophorus fordi 6
Central Military Dragon
Ctenophorus isolepis 6
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Central Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus nuchalis 6
Painted Dragon Ctenophorus pictus 6
Western Netted Dragon
Ctenophorus reticulatus 6
Red-barred Dragon
Ctenophorus vadnappa 6
Mallee Dragon Ctenphorus fordi 6
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii 6
Southern Rainforest Dragon
Hypsilurus spinipes 6
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
6
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii 6
Eastern Bearded Dragon
Pogona barbata 6
Black Soil Bearded Dragon (henry lawsoni)
Pogona henrylawsoni 6
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor 6
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps 6
Description 10C Dragons: Greater than >50cm and less than < 90cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
10C Dragons:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Frilled Lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii 2
Boyd's Forest Dragon
Hypsilurus boydii 2
Gippsland Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii howittii
2
Eastern Water Dragon
Physignathus lesueurii 2
Western Bearded Dragon
Pogona minor 2
Central Bearded Dragon
Pogona vitticeps 2
Outdoor Enclosure Category 11 – Monitors
Description 11A Monitors: Greater than >30cm total Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
11A Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus 6
Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor
Varanus brevicauda 6
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Stripe-tailed Monitor
Varanus caudolineatus 6
Pygmy Mulga Monitor
Varanus gilleni 6
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 6
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus 6
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi 6
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli 6
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes 6
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi 6
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris 6
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 6
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 6
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis 6
Description 11B Monitors: Greater than >30cm and less than< 60cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
11B Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus 2
Stripe-tailed Monitor
Varanus caudolineatus 2
Pygmy Mulga Monitor
Varanus gilleni 2
Perentie Varanus giganteus 2
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus 2
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi 2
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli 2
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes 2
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi 2
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris 2
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 2
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 2
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis 2
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 2
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Category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
11B Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus 2
Stripe-tailed Monitor
Varanus caudolineatus 2
Pygmy Mulga Monitor
Varanus gilleni 2
Perentie Varanus giganteus 2
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus 2
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi 2
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli 2
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes 2
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi 2
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris 2
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 2
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 2
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis 2
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 2
Description 11C Monitors: Greater than >60cm and less than <120cm total length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
11C Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Ridge-tailed Monitor
Varanus acanthurus 1
Short-tailed Pygmy Monitor
Varanus brevicauda 1
Perentie Varanus giganteus 1
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 1
Mangrove Monitor
Varanus indicus 1
Merten's Water Monitor
Varanus mertensi 1
Mitchell's Water Monitor
Varanus mitchelli 1
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes 1
Heath Monitor Varanus rosenbergi 1
Spotted Tree Monitor
Varanus scalaris 1
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Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 1
Storr's Monitor Varanus storri 1
Black-headed Monitor
Varanus tristis 1
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 1
Description 11D Monitors: Greater than >120cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
11D Monitors:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Perentie Varanus giganteus 2
Sand Monitor Varanus gouldii 2
Yellow-spotted Monitor
Varanus panoptes 2
Spencer's Monitor Varanus spenceri 2
Lace Monitor Varanus varius 2
Category
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
12A Legless Lizards:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Southern Legless Lizard
Delma australis 6
Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard)
Delma inornata 6
Adelaide Snake-lizard
Delma molleri 6
Burton's Snake-Lizard
Lialis burtonis 6
Common Scaly-foot
Pygopus lepidopodus 6
Western Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus nigriceps 6
Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus schraderi 6
Description 12B Legless Lizards: Greater than >30cm and less than <60cm total length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
12B Legless Lizards:
VIC, ACT, NT, WA & SA
Olive Legless Lizard (Inornate Legless Lizard)
Delma inornata 3
Adelaide Snake-lizard
Delma molleri 3
Burton's Snake-Lizard
Lialis burtonis 3
Common Scaly-foot
Pygopus lepidopodus 3
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Western Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus nigriceps 3
Eastern Hooded Scaly-foot
Pygopus schraderi 3
Outdoor Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles
Description 13A Turtles: Greater than >10 and less than <20cm Carapace length Category State or
Territory Common Name Scientific Name Numbers
Per Cage Comments
13A Freshwater Turtles:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta 12
Common long-necked Turtle
Chelodina longicollis 12
Broad-shelled River Turtle
Chelodina expansa 12
Oblong Turtle Chelodina oblonga 12
Northern Snake-necked Turtle
Chelodina rugosa 12
Steindachner’s Turtle
Chelodina steindachneri 12
Northern Snapping Turtle
Elseya dentate 12
Saw-shelled Turtle Elseya latisternum 12
Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus 12
Krefft's River Turtle
Emydura krefftii 12
Murray short-necked Turtle
Emydura macquarii 12
Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only)
Emydura subglobosa subglobosa
12
Description 13B Turtles: Greater than >20cm Carapace length
Category State or Territory
Common Name Scientific Name Numbers Per Cage
Comments
13B Freshwater Turtles:
VIC, ACT, NSW, QLD, NT, WA & SA
Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insulpta 8
Common long-necked Turtle
Chelodina longicollis 8
Broad-shelled River Turtle
Chelodina expansa 8
Oblong Turtle Chelodina oblonga 8
Northern Snake-necked Turtle
Chelodina rugosa 8
Steindachner’s Turtle
Chelodina steindachneri 8
Northern Snapping Turtle
Elseya dentate 8
Saw-shelled Turtle Elseya latisternum 8
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Mary River Tortoise
Elusor macrurus 8
Krefft's River Turtle
Emydura krefftii 8
Murray short-necked Turtle
Emydura macquarii 8
Painted Turtle (Jardine River Turtle only)
Emydurasubglobosa subglobosa
8
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Reptile and Amphibian Enclosure Recommendations Part 2
Reptile and Amphibian Indoor Enclosure Recommendations
Enclosure Category 1 - Snakes
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT
(H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
1A Snakes: small
species, hatchlings
and juveniles less
than <35cm in length
20cm x 15cm x 10cm
1 300sqcm N/A Best kept as individuals
(refer to Housing and
Husbandry section).
1B Snakes: small
species, hatchlings
and juveniles greater
than >35cm less than
<75cm in length
26cm x 16cm x 16cm
1 416sqcm N/A
1C Snakes: greater
than >75cm less than
<100cm in length
45cm x 45cm x 50cm
1 2025sqcm 500sqcm
1D Snakes: greater
than >100 less than
<140cm in length
60cm x 45cm x 50cm
1 2700sqcm 1000sqcm
1E Snakes: greater
than >140cm to
300cm in length
90cm x 45cm x 50cm
1 405
0sq
cm
1500sq
cm
1F Snakes: greater
than >300cm in
length
120cm x 60cm x 60cm
1 7200sqcm 2250sqcm
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Enclosure Category 2 - Venomous Snakes. A dangerously venomous snake must be housed in a
lockable escape-proof enclosure that is in a lockable escape-proof room.
2A Venomous Snake:
small species and
hatchlings less than
<50cm in length
26cm x 16cm x 16cm
1 416sqcm N/A
2B Venomous Snake:
small species and
hatchlings greater
than >50cm less than
<80cm in length
45cm x 45cm x 50cm
1 2025sqcm N/A
2C Venomous Snake:
greater than >80cm
less than <120cm in
length
90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm
1500sqcm
2D Venomous Snake:
greater than >120cm
in length
120cm x 60cm x 60cm
1 7200sqcm 2250sqcm
Enclosure Category 3 - Lizards
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT
(H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
3A Geckos: less than
<12cm snout to vent
length (SV)
20cm x 15cm x 10cm
1 300sqcm 200sqcm
3B Geckos: greater
than >12cm less than
<25cm snout to vent
length (SV)
30cm x 30cm x 30cm 2 sub-adults, 1
adult or up to 6
juveniles
900sqcm
300sqcm
3C Geckos: less than
<25cm snout to vent
length (SV)
45cm x 30cm x 40cm 4 sub-adults, 2
adults or up to
6 juveniles
1350sqcm
350sqcm
3D Skinks: less than
<20cm total length
26cm x 16cm x 16cm
Up to 3
juveniles
416sqcm 350sqcm
3E: Skinks: greater
than >20 less than
<40cm total length
45cm x 30cm x 45cm 1 sub-adult or
up to 6
juveniles
1350sqcm
350sqcm
3F Skinks: greater
than >40 less than
<80cm total length
90cm x 45cm x 45cm 1 adult or up to
6 juveniles
4050sqcm
500sqcm
3G Dragons: less
than <30cm total
length
52.5cm x 40cm x 45cm
3 adults or 10
juveniles
2100sqcm 350sqcm
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3H Dragons: greater
than >30cm less than
<50cm total length
62.5cm x 40cm x
45cm
2 adults or up
to 5 juveniles
2500sqcm
600sqcm
3I Dragons: greater
than >50 less than
<90cm total length
120cm x 58cm x
60cm
1 Adult or up to
6 juveniles
6960sqcm
3500sqcm
3J Monitors: less
than<30cm total
length
45cm x 30cm x 40cm
2 sub-adults, 1
adult or up to 3
juveniles
1350sqcm 350sqcm
3K Monitors: greater
than >30cm less than
<60cm total length
60cm x 40cm x 50cm
1 adult or up to
6 juveniles
2400sqcm 600sqcm
3L Monitors: greater
than >60 less than
<120cm total length
90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm 3000sqcm
3M Monitors: greater
than >120cm total
length
140cm x 60cm x
60cm
1 8400sqcm One monitor housed
only
3N Legless Lizards:
less than <30cm total
length
45cm x 30cm x 40cm
2 adults or up
to 6 juveniles
1350sqcm 350sqcm
3O Legless Lizards:
greater than >30cm
less than <70cm total
length
60cm x 40cm x 40cm
3 adults or up
to 10 juveniles
2400sqcm 350sqcm
Enclosure Category 4 - Freshwater Turtles
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x
HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
4A Freshwater
Turtles: 0-10cm
Carapace length
60cm x 30cm x 30cm
10 1800 sqcm 350sqcm Minimum water depth:
20cm
4B Freshwater
Turtles: greater than
>10 less than <20cm
Carapace length
90cm x 40cm x 40cm
6 3600 sqcm 600sqcm Minimum water depth:
30cm
4C Freshwater
Turtles: greater than
>20cm Carapace
length
90cm x 50cm x 60cm
3 4500 sqcm 1500sqcm Minimum water depth:
30cm
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Enclosure Category 5 - Frogs
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x
HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
5A Frogs: less than
<6cm snout to vent
length (SV)
30cm x 30cm x 30cm
6 900 sqcm 350sqcm
5B Frogs: greater
than >6cm less than
<12cm snout to vent
length (SV)
60cm x 45cm x 43cm
6 2700 sqcm 350sqcm
Enclosure Category 6 - Crocodiles
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x
HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
6A Freshwater
Crocodiles: less than
<30 cm
45cm x 25cm x 30cm 1 1125 sqcm N/A Minimum water depth:
20cm
6B Freshwater
Crocodiles: less than
<30 cm
60cm x 30cm x 50cm 6 1800 sqcm N/A Minimum water depth:
30cm
6C Freshwater
Crocodiles: greater
than > 30 less than
<60 cm
90cm x 45cm x 50cm 1 4050sqcm N/A Minimum water depth:
40cm
6D Freshwater
Crocodiles: greater
than >60 cm less than
<100cm
120cm x 60cm x
60cm
1 7020sqcm N/A Minimum water depth:
50cm
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Reptile and Amphibian Outdoor Enclosure Recommendations
Category for housing Enclosure Size (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x
HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
Enclosure Category 7 - Snakes
7A Snakes: greater
than >80cm less than
<120cm in length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
2 10,800sqc
m
Note: The keeping of
Reptiles and
Amphibians outdoors
COMES WITH BIG
WARNINGS (refer to
Housing and Husbandry
section).
7B Snakes: greater
than >120 less than
<180cm in length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
2 10,800sqc
m
N/A
7C Snakes: greater
than >180cm less
than 300cm in length
180cm x 90cm x 90cm
2 16,200sqc
m
N/A
7D Snakes: greater
than >300cm in
length
240cm x 120cm x 90cm
2 28,800sqc
m
N/A
Enclosure Category 8 - Geckos
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x DEPTH
(D) x HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
8A Geckos: less than
<25cm snout to vent
length (SV)
22cm x 12cm x 12cm 2 264sqcm N/A Note: Screen mesh
enclosure.
8B Geckos: greater
than >25cm snout to
vent length (SV)
42cm x 42cm x 76cm 6 1764sqcm N/A Note: Screen mesh
enclosure.
Enclosure Category 9 - Skinks
9A Skinks: greater
than >20 less than
<40cm total length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
6 10,800sqc
m
Note: Skinks housed
together can be very
territorial and
aggressive. Monitoring
of behaviour is
required.
9B Skinks: greater
than >40 less than
<80cm total length
120cm x 90cm x 90cm
4 10,800sqc
m
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Enclosure Category 10 - Dragons
10A Dragons: less
than <30cm total
length
42cm x 42cm x 76cm 4 1764sqcm Note: Most species of
dragons can be kept
outdoors (refer to
Housing and
Husbandry section).
10B Dragons: greater
than >30cm less than
<50cm total length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
6 10,800sqc
m
10C Dragons: greater
than >50 less than <
90cm total length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
2 10,800sqc
m
Enclosure Category 11 - Monitors
11A Monitors:
greater than >30cm
total length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
6 10,800sqc
m
Note: Most species of
Monitors can be kept
outdoors with careful
planning (refer to
Housing and Husbandry
section).
11B Monitors:
greater than >30cm
less than <60cm total
length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
2 10,800sqc
m
11C Monitors:
greater than >60cm
less than <120cm
total length
180cm x 90cm x 90cm
1 16,200sqc
m
Suspended enclosure
11D Monitors:
greater than >120cm
total length
3m x 2.0m x 1.8m 2 60000sqc
m
Enclosure Category 12 – Legless Lizards
12A Legless Lizards:
less than <30cm total
length
42cm x 42cm x 76cm 6 1764sqcm Note: Screen mesh
enclosure or habitat
Note: Most species of
Legless Lizards can be
kept outdoors (refer to
Housing and Husbandry
section).
12B Legless Lizards:
greater than >30cm
less than <60cm total
length
120cm x 90cm x
90cm
3 10,800sqc
m
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Enclosure Category 13 Turtles
Category for housing Enclosure Size
Example (cm):
WIDTH (W) x
DEPTH (D) x
HEIGHT (H)
Number of
animal(s) per
cage
Minimum
Floor area
(cm2)
Increased
area for each
additional
animal (cm2)
Comments
13A Turtles: greater
than >10 less than
<20cm Carapace
length
3m x 2.0m x 1.8m Outdoor pond
measuring 2m x
1.2m x 0.6m water
depth
12 60000sqc
m
Note: It is advisable to
keep and maintain
juvenile turtles
indoors. Most species
of freshwater turtles
can be kept in outdoor
ponds (refer to Housing
and Husbandry
section).
13B Turtles: greater
than > 20cm
Carapace length
3m x 2.0m x 1.8m Outdoor pond measuring 2m x 1.2m x 0.6m water depth
8 60000sqc
m
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Reptiles and Amphibians on the States and Territories of
Australia Trading List
Enclosure examples (cm): WIDTH (W) x DEPTH (D) x HEIGHT (H)
Image 1: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa 45cm in length. 60cm in length, housed in a 26cm (W) x 16cm
(D) x 16cm (H) clear enclosure with a coloured ventilated lid (minimum floor area 416sqcm).
Image 2: An Inland Carpet Python Morelia metcalfei. (same enclosure as above)
Images 3 & 4: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa 120cm in length, housed in a 60cm (W) x 45cm (D) x 50cm
glass enclosure, landscaped with furniture, hide and water bowl (minimum floor area 2700sqcm).
Image 1: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa maculosa
maculosa
Image 2: An Inland Carpet Python Morelia metcalfei
Image 3: A Spotted Python Antaresia maculosa maculosa
maculosa Image 4: A Spotted Python Antaresia
maculosa maculosa maculosa
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Image 5: An Inland Bearded Dragon, Pogona vitticeps 35cm in length
Image 6: Six Inland Bearded Dragons Pogona vitticeps 14cm in length, housed in a 60cm (W) x
45cm (D) x 50cm glass enclosure, landscaped with furniture and water bowl. This enclosure
can house 3 sub-adults, 2 adults or up to 6 juveniles (minimum floor area 2700sqcm
Images 7 & 8: Smooth Knob-tailed Geckos/Gecko, Nephurus levis greater than >12cm (SV)
length, housed in a 30cm (W) x 30cm (D) x 30cm (H) glass enclosure with furniture, sand
substrate, hide and shallow water dish (minimum floor area 900sqcm).
Image 5; An Inland Bearded Dragon, Pogona
Vitticeps
Image 6: Six Inland Bearded Dragons, Pogona Vitticeps
Image 7: Two Smooth Knob-Tailed Geckos,
Nephurus Levis
Image 8: Smooth Knob-Tailed Geckos, Nephurus
Levis
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Images 9 & 10: Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea
Images 11 & 12: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii
Images 9 & 10: Green Tree Frog Litoria caerulea, 8 cm (SV) length, housed in a 45cm (W) x
45cm (D) x 60cm (H) glass enclosure with furniture, live plants and aquarium gravel and a
water depth 10 cm (Images 11 & 12: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii minimum
floor area
Images 11: Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii, 3 x12 cm carapace length and housed
in a 90cm (W) x 40cm (D) x 30cm (H) glass tank with furniture, silk plants, turtle doc,
aquarium gravel and a water depth 20 cm (minimum floor area 2700sqcm).
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Images 12: 6 x Macleay’s River Turtle Emydura macquarii, 7 cm carapace length. (same tank
size as above)
Images 13 & 14: Two Diamond Pythons Morelia spilota spilota
Images 13 & 14:
2 x Diamond Pythons Morelia spilota spilota, 120cm in length, housed in a 240cm (W) x
120cm (D) x 210cm (H) outdoor enclosure with furniture, hide box with a gravel substrate and
a water feature at a depth of 10 cm (minimum floor area 28,800sqcm).
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Appendix 1: States and Territories of Australia Reptile and Amphibian Licensing Systems
The following is a summary of the current licensing systems for States and Territories of
Australia:
Tasmania (TAS)
Parks and Wildlife Service
GPO Box 1751
Hobart TAS 7001
http://www.parks.tas.gov.au
1300 827 727
There are three species of snakes, seventeen species of lizards and eleven species of frogs
found in Tasmania.
Parks and Wildlife Service Tasmania do not allow a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system.
It is illegal to sell Reptiles and Amphibians through pet shops.
Victoria (VIC)
State Government Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries
PO BOX 500
Melbourne VIC 8002
http://www.depi.vic.gov.au
136 186
Victoria has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold
through pet shops in Victoria in three categories:
1. ANIMALS OF CAPTIVE-BRED WILDLIFE THAT MAY BE HELD FOR PRIVATE PURPOSES WITHOUT A
LICENCE
2. ANIMALS THAT MAY BE HELD PRIVATELY UNDER A WILDLIFE BASIC LICENCE VICTORIA
3. ANIMALS THAT MAY BE HELD PRIVATELY UNDER A WILDLIFE ADVANCED LICENCE.
Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
ACT Government Territory and Municipal Services GPO Box 158
Canberra ACT 2601
http://www.tams.act.gov.au/
13 22 81
The ACT has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold through pet shops in the ACT in three categories:
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1. CATEGORY A: refers to captive-bred reptiles that can be kept by individuals with no prior
experience in keeping such animals. These include exempt species and species considered
relatively easy to maintain, regularly bred in captivity and suited to the Canberra climate.
2. CATEGORY B: includes species of captive-bred reptiles which may be held for hobby purposes by
experienced amateurs with at least two years’ experience in keeping one or more species from a
family in Category A. Generally applicants for species on this list must be 15 years of age or over.
3. CATEGORY C: refers to captive-bred reptiles suitable for keeping for hobby purposes for highly
experienced herpetologists. Applicants must have at least one year’s experience with keeping
Category B species and two years of experience in keeping Category A species.
New South Wales (NSW)
NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage
PO BOX A290
SYDNEY SOUTH NSW 1232
NSW Government Office of Environment & Heritage
(02) 9995 5000
On the 25th March 2015, the NSW Government Office of Environment and Heritage
announced new rules that would allow eight species of snakes, five species of lizards and two
species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in NSW.
Queensland (QLD)
Queensland Government Department of Natural Resources and Mines
Department of Natural Resources and Mines
PO Box 15216
CITY EAST QLD 4002
www.derm.qld.gov.au
13 74 68
The Queensland Government Department of Environment and Heritage Protection allows
three species of snakes, eight species of lizards and four species of turtles to be sold in pet
stores in QLD.
Northern Territory (NT)
Northern Territory Government Parks and Wildlife Commission NT
PO BOX 496
PALMERSTON NT 0831
http://www.parksandwildlife.nt.gov.au
(08) 8999 4555
The NT allows three species of snakes, eight species of lizards and four species of turtles to be
sold in pet stores in the NT.
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Western Australia (WA)
Government of Western Australia Parks and Wildlife
17 Dick Perry Ave
Technology Park Western Precinct
KENSINGTON WA 6151
http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au
(08) 9219 9000
The Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife has a reptiles and amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and amphibians can be sold through pet shops in WA in four categories:
1. CATEGORY 2: nine species of lizards and two species of frog to be sold in pet stores in WA.
2. CATEGORY 3: two species of snakes, six species of lizards, one species of frog and one species of
turtle to be sold in pet stores in WA.
3. CATEGORY 4: five species of snakes, five species of lizards, one species of frog and one species of
turtle to be sold in pet stores in WA.
4. CATEGORY 5: eleven species of snakes and two species of lizards to be sold in pet stores in WA.
South Australia (SA)
Government of South Australia
Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
GPO BOX 1047
ADELAIDE SA 5001
http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/contact-us
(08) 8204 1910
The Government of South Australia’s Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources has a Reptiles and Amphibians licensing system. Reptiles and Amphibians can be sold through pet shops in the SA in three categories:
1. Exempt Species List 1: two species of frogs to be sold in pet stores in SA.
2. Exempt Species List 2: thirteen species of lizards and two species of turtles to be sold in pet stores in SA.
3. Basic Reptile List: two species of snakes, six species of lizards and one species of turtle to be sold in pet stores in SA.
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Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491
Appendix 2: Reptile Specimen Card
Reptile Specimen Card Specimen
Name:
Origin:
Photo
Date Photo Taken: / /
Sex: Individual ID:
Date & Place of Birth: Age on Arrival:
Growth History
Date Age Weight Length Date Age Weight Length
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Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491
Appendix 3: Reptile and Specimen Food and Slough Chart
Reptile Specimen Food and Slough Chart Date Food Type/Slough Date Food Type/Slough Date Food Type/Slough
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Appendix 4: Stock Movements
Stock Movements Date From To Comments Date From To Comments
Treatment History
Date Comments Date Comments
Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491
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Breeding History
Date Comments Date Comments
Other Notes/Observations (e.g. behaviour, diet changes, etc.)
Appendix 4 (continued): Stock Movements
Version 1.0 Created by Brad Walker 2015 PO BOX 7034 WILBERFORCE NSW 2756 (02) 4576 3491
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Bibliography Aland, K. (2008). Dragons, Family Agamidae. In M. Swan (Ed.), Keeping and Breeding Australian Lizards. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp Books. Aland, K. (2007). Parasites, quarantine and captive reptiles. Proceedings of the Care of Australian Reptiles and Amphibians Conference, Castle Hill. Australian Museum. (2015). Freshwater Crocodile. Retrieved from http://australianmuseum.net.au/freshwater-crocodile Brown, D. (2012). A Guide to Australian Geckos and Pygopods in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Brown, D. (2014). A Guide to Australian Lizards in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Cogger, H. G. (2000). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Sydney: Reed New Holland. Ehmann, H. (1992). Encyclopaedia of Australian Animals: Reptiles. Pymble: Angus & Robertson. Eipper, S. (2012). A Guide to Australian Frogs in Captivity. Burleigh: Reptile Publications. Eipper, S. (2012). A Guide to Australian Snakes in Captivity. Burleigh: ABK Publications. Elliott, A. (2012). A Guide to Australian Frogs in Captivity. Australia: ABK Publications. Greer, A. E. (2006). Encyclopedia of Australian Reptiles. Retrieved from http://www. amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/encyclopedia. Greer, A. E. (1990). The Biology and Evolution of Australian Lizards. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd. Griffiths, K. (2006). Frogs and Reptiles of the Sydney Region. Sydney: Reed New Holland. Jackson, S. M. (2003). Standardizing captive‐management manuals: guidelines for terrestrial vertebrates. International Zoo Yearbook, 38(1), 229-243. Retrieved from Wiley Online Library. Phillips, C. (2008). The Nutritional Requirements of Captive Reptiles. Reptiles Australia. 4(6), 50-4. Retrieved from Proquest database.
Swan, M. (2007). Keeping and Breeding Australian Pythons. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books.
Swan, M. (2008). Keeping and Breeding Australian Lizards. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books. Swan, M. (2009). Keeping and Breeding Australian Reptiles. Lilydale: Mike Swan Herp. Books. Webb, G. & Manolis, C. (1989). Crocodiles of Australia. Chatswood: Reed. Weigel, J. (1988). Care of Australian Reptiles in Captivity. Gosford: Reptile Keepers Association. Wilson. S. & Swan, G. (2004). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia. Australia: Reed New Holland. Wilson, S. K. & Knowles, D. G. (1992). Australia’s Reptiles, A Photographic reference to the Terrestrial Reptiles of Australia. Pymble: Angus & Robertson. Worrell, E. (1966). Reptiles of Australia. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
Author: Brad Walker @ Australian Fauna Supplies and Services October 2015. Copyright: You may download, display, print and reproduce this material provided that the wording is reproduced exactly and the source is
acknowledged. Acknowledgement: I owe a great debt and gratitude to many dedicated friends and colleagues who have assisted me in many ways. I could not have
written this recommendation alone and without their help it would not exist. A special thank you to Anthony Stimson, John Grima and Ben Dessens
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for their contribution to this document. I have spent many hours with reptile and amphibian keepers and pet shop owners. Thank you Graeme
Phipps, Tim Faulkner, Adam Sapiano, Jacki Salkeld, Liza Sommers, Renae Griffiths, Kim Peries and PIAA staff.