Transcript
Page 1: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

1

Stalingrad – The Cauldron of Doom

13 September 1942 – 2 February 1943

Russia’s and Germany’s “Verdun” of World War II

Page 2: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

2

Germany’s

Furthest

Advance into

Russia in

WWII

Page 3: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

3

Page 4: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

4

German Army Front•Spring / Summer Offensives

•Advances S.E. in Effort to Seize

Key Oil Producing Regions of

the Caucasus Mountains.

German 6th Army•General von Paulus

•300,000 Germans Soldiers

•Lacking Significant Armor

•Germany will be at the Greatest

Extent of their Supply Line

•Advance on Stalingrad

Page 5: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

5

City of Stalingrad

“Modern” Factor City

Showpiece of Russian Industry

Volga River

Pre-War Population of 850,000

Page 6: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

6

Heaviest fighting

in the city will

take place at the

Tractor Factory.

Page 7: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

7

Three Dominant Factories

Dzerzhinsky Tractor Factory

Barrikady Ordnance Factory

Red October Steel Plant

Red October Plant

Page 8: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

8

The Fighting Becomes Static – Does Not Change

Page 9: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

9

Intensity and Savagery

of the Fighting

Fighting is House to House

In the Sewers

In the Factories

Becomes a Battle of Attrition

•Hitler Wants to Capture the City =

Stalin’s name

•Stalin wants to Save City = His name!

Nikita Khrushchev Serves as a Political

Commissar at Stalingrad!

Becomes a Battle of Supply

Russians Reinforcing across the Volga River

Germans Bring in by Air – Importance of

Airfields!

Page 10: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

10

Page 11: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

11

Soviets Launch

Operation “Uranus”

Germans Surrounded!!

Page 12: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

12

Becomes a Battle of Logistics

Encirclement Cuts Off Germans

Creates the Kessel (“Cauldron”)

Soviet Supply Line Improves

Moves Across the Volga

Men / Material / Food

German Supply Line Shrinks

Depends on Airfields

Requires 800 Tons Supplies Daily

Luftwaffe only delivers 120 Tons

Daily

German Soldiers Begin to die of

Malnutrition – Starvation!

Page 13: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

13

The End!

Page 14: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

14

2 February 1943 – The End

Approximately 300,000 Germans Entered

160,000+ Dead (Axis = 500,000+)

130,000 Captured (91,000 at end)

1955 – Only 6,000 Returned to Germany

22 Generals including von Paulus

Most catastrophic defeat in German

history!

Campaign Cost Axis (Romania, Italy,

Spain, Hungary) between 500,000 –

850,000 casualties.

Page 15: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

15

Stalingrad Becomes for

Russia a Symbol of

Sacrifice

279’ Tall / Weight =

7,900 Tons of Concrete

“The

Motherland

Calls”

Page 16: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

16

1.1 Million Casualties

• 485,751 Dead

Pre-War Stalingrad = 850,000 Residents (workers)

Post-Battle Stalingrad = 9,800 Civilians left in city

Start 14 September 1942 – End 2 February 1943

141 Days of Continuous Combat

3,445 Russians Died Each Day!

14,500 Russian Soldiers (= one division) Executed

by Russian Military Police for Cowardice or

Desertion!

German War Dead

40,000 in Mass Grave!

Russia’s Price for Victory at Stalingrad

Page 17: Stalingrad The Cauldron of Doom - legacy.bishopireton.orglegacy.bishopireton.org/FACULTY/RAUERM/WorldWarinthe20thCentury... · Stalingrad –The Cauldron of Doom ... Operation “Uranus

17

From 19 November 1942 (Start of Uranus)

through 2 February 1943

• 154,885 Dead

• 330,892 Wounded

The Hero of StalingradSoviet General Vasily Chuikov

• Gains Fame as the Defender of Stalingrad

Barmaley Fountain

6 Children & a Crocodile

Russia’s Price for Victory at Stalingrad (‘Cont)

Enters Russian

History as their

Greatest Victory!